Relationship between Gender and Language

There is a close connection between the structures, vocabularies and the ways of using language and the social roles of men and women who speak the language. Why there are different varieties for men and women. Do men and women use language in the same way? Why do these differences arise? Is it because of the structures of that language? Or because of the norms of the society, which prescribe the ways men and women should use language. First question gives rise to another question: ‘Is it possible to describe a particular language ‘sexist’? The second question also produces another question: ‘Is it possible to label the users of that language and the norms regulating the use of language as ‘sexist’’. These questions are actually the issues of discussion on gender and language. Besides, how can we avoid sexism in language is also a concern of the discussion.  We examine gender differences in language use in light of the biological and social construction theories of gender. Keywords: Gender, Politeness and Stereotypes, Pronunciation, Interruptions, Competitive, cooperative, Construction of gender, social construction, biological, language differences, Dominance, Status and Power

Use of Literature in Language Teaching and Learning: A Critical Assessment

Literature is the media of teaching and learning authentic language. The language of literature is well-organized and wonderful choice of  diction. Language  generally  represents  literature.  The recent historical  positions   regarding  the   use  of  literature  in  English language teaching, and the inclusion of literary texts may foster the  development  of reading,  writing,  speaking, listening,  and critical thinking skills. This is the reason why, this paper argues for the use of  literature  for  language  teaching  purposes.  More important, it claims  consistently  that the  use of literature for language teaching purposes can promote literary understanding and general linguistic awareness among teachers and learners. Key words: Literature, Language, Skills development, Motivation, Oppositions and Resistances.

Use of Literature in Language Teaching and Learning: A Critical Assessment

Literature is the media of teaching and learning authentic language. The language of literature is well-organized and wonderful choice of diction. Language generally represents literature. The recent historical positions regarding the use of literature in English language teaching, and the inclusion of literary texts may foster the development of reading, writing, speaking, listening, and critical thinking skills. This is the reason why, this paper argues for the use of literature for language teaching purposes. More important, it claims consistently that the use of literature for language teaching purposes can promote literary understanding and general linguistic awareness among teachers and learners. Keywords: Literature, Language, Skills development, Motivation, Oppositions and Resistances

Performance of Female Entrepreneurs: An Organized Assessment of the Literature Addressing the Factors Affecting Bangladeshi Women Entrepreneurs' Performance

With an emphasis on Bangladesh specifically, this research conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the literature on the performance of female entrepreneurs. Although women's contributions to entrepreneurship are becoming acknowledged on a worldwide scale, there are still few systematic evaluations of the variables affecting the success of female entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Using a thorough examination of peer-reviewed papers, research, and articles, this review pinpoints the major factors influencing the success of Bangladeshi women entrepreneurs. The socio-cultural, economic, institutional, and individual dimensions of these issues provide an all-encompassing view of the opportunities and problems faced by Bangladeshi women in business. The results demonstrate the intricate interactions among cultural norms, financial resource accessibility, the regulatory landscape, and individual traits that influence the performance outcomes of female entrepreneurs. In addition, the assessment points out gaps in the body of knowledge and provides advice for future lines of inquiry that can help women entrepreneurs succeed in Bangladesh and beyond.&nbsp

Spectral Results for the Blue Plume Stars in Canis Major Overdensity

We present distances and kinematics and look at the possible populations for the blue plume (BP) stars in the Canis Major Overdensity (CMa). We conducted a medium resolution spectral survey on the BP stars (N=303) in CMa (centered at l = 238° ; b = -8°) using the data from AAOmega Spectrograph. We used a modified version of the Statistics-sensitive Non-linear Iterative Peak-clipping (SNIP) algorithm to normalize our fluxed absorption spectra. After determining the radial velocities from measurements of strong absorption features for the stars we use a Bayesian analysis of spectral feature strengths and photometric colors to determine Teff, Logg and [Fe/H]. Our procedure makes use of grid for model synthetic spectra computed using SPECTRUM with Atlas9 model atmospheres and Kurucz model colors. We determine the absolute magnitude using the stellar parameters and BaSTI isochrones and compute distances and ages for the BP stars. Our analysis of the BP stars indicates Teff ranging from 6500K to 8000K, metallicity ranging from 0.0 to -1.0 with an average of -0.5. We found for this temperature range that the surface gravity of the stars could not be well constrained. From the spatial and kinematics results we found that most of the stars are thick disk stars with a small mixture of thin disk stars. The stars are most likely a mixture of thick disk blue stragglers and normal A-type stars preferentially seen to greater depths due to the low dust extinction in this location of the Galaxy

Activities of HR Manager to Face Environmental Changes: A Study on the Telecommunication Sector of Bangladesh

The paper endeavors to show the activities taken by the mobile phone operator companies (HRM) in Bangladesh to face the different changes in environment. What are the consequences of changing environment to the telecommunication industry and the steps to recover of these was thought to be found out in this study. Using both primary and secondary sources of data, a descriptive analysis has been conducted. The major findings show that different variables i.e. external and internal environment (Capital inadequacy, unavailability of quality employee, lack of skilled manpower, changes in fiscal and tax policy, price level change, political and legal changes, technological changes, corporate rightsizing etc.) affect the telecommunication industry in different way. Upon the findings based on analyses some specific recommendations has been suggested. Keywords: HR, Consequences, External environment, Internal environment, Corporate rightsizin

Implication of National Strategies to Reduce Environmental Pollution from Brick Industries at Local Level

Brick industry is one of the largest informal industrial sectors in Bangladesh contributes to 1 of GDP Brick industry is expanding due to the expansion of the real estate sector while compromising several environmental and social consequences To modernize the industry and to manage the environmental pollution the government amended the Brick Burning Act 1989 and issued a number of orders following by enacting the Brick Manufacturing and Establishment of Brick Kilns Control Act 2013 The current study aims to understand the implications of regulatory changes in Brick Sector at Faridpur District based on primary and secondary data and identified around 66 brick kilns transformed into modern technology like zigzag and total 23100 tons of GHG emission has been reduced per year At local level technological availability finance government law and policy enforcement for pollution control role of local DoE and administration education and leadership of the local Brick Manufacturing Owners etc have influenced the adoption of modern kiln technology Besides the government has changed the brick kiln technology very fast An incremental emission standard should be deployed to improve the energy efficiency of the brick secto

Integer Versus Fractional Order SEIR Deterministic and Stochastic Models of Measles

In this paper, we compare the performance between systems of ordinary and (Caputo) fractional differential equations depicting the susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) models of diseases. In order to understand the origins of both approaches as mean-field approximations of integer and fractional stochastic processes, we introduce the fractional differential equations (FDEs) as approximations of some type of fractional nonlinear birth and death processes. Then, we examine validity of the two approaches against empirical courses of epidemics; we fit both of them to case counts of three measles epidemics that occurred during the pre-vaccination era in three different locations. While ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are commonly used to model epidemics, FDEs are more flexible in fitting empirical data and theoretically offer improved model predictions. The question arises whether, in practice, the benefits of using FDEs over ODEs outweigh the added computational complexities. While important differences in transient dynamics were observed, the FDE only outperformed the ODE in one of out three data sets. In general, FDE modeling approaches may be worth it in situations with large refined data sets and good numerical algorithms