Ordering and temporal resolution in professional singers and in well tuned and out of tune amateur singers

BACKGROUND: temporal ordering and temporal resolution. AIM: to compare the performance of professional singers with that of well tuned and out of tune amateur singers in the pitch pattern test (PPT) and in the Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT). METHOD: participants were 78 individuals, male and female, with ages ranging from 18 to 55 years. All of the participants were singers with normal hearing - previously assessed using pure tone and speech audiometry - and had no language, speech, voice or hearing complaints. Each individual answered a questionnaire concerning, among other subjects, perception about own voice when singing, number of years of professional singing, difficulties when singing new songs and number of years of music study. For the objective assessment the PPT and the RGDT were used in order to investigate temporal ordering and temporal resolution respectively. RESULTS: regarding the RGDT, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups and variables. As for the PPT, it was observed that professional singers presented a better performance, with statistic significance, when compared to well tuned amateur singers and these a better performance when compared to out of tune amateur singers. The performance in the PPT was related to specialized training and study of music theory. CONCLUSION: the RGDT did not prove to be a sensitive test to distinguish professional and amateur singers. On the other hand, the PPT did. The performance in the PPT reflects the number of years of specialized auditory training and music theory study.TEMA: ordenação e resolução temporal. OBJETIVO: comparar o desempenho de cantores que recebem orientação profissional, cantores amadores independentes e cantores amadores desafinados nos testes de padrão de freqüência sonora e teste de detecção de gap (Random Gap Detection Test). MÉTODO: participaram 78 indivíduos, de ambos os gêneros, com idade variando entre 18 e 55 anos. Foram incluídos cantores com audição normal, comprovada por meio de exame audiológico e com ausência de queixas de linguagem, fala, voz ou audição. Cada indivíduo respondeu a um questionário fornecendo várias informações, entre elas, a sua própria percepção auditiva sobre sua voz cantada; o tempo de canto com orientação profissional, dificuldade para cantar novas músicas e o de estudo de teoria musical. Para a avaliação foram utilizados o Teste de Padrão de Freqüência Sonora (TPF) e o Teste de Detecção de Gap Randomizado (RGDT) a fim de avaliar as habilidades de ordenação temporal e a resolução temporal respectivamente. RESULTADOS: no que se refere ao teste de detecção de gap randomizado (RGDT) não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as respostas por grupo e por variável. Em relação ao desempenho do TPF foi observado que o grupo que recebe orientação profissional possui desempenho superior e estatisticamente significante em relação ao grupo de amadores independentes e estes melhor do que o grupo de amadores desafinados. O desempenho no teste de padrão de freqüência teve relação com o treinamento especializado e com o estudo de teoria musical. CONCLUSÃO: o teste de detecção de gap (RGDT) não se mostrou sensível para distinguir cantores com orientação profissional de amadores, ao contrário do teste de padrão de freqüência sonora. O desempenho no teste de padrão de freqüência reflete o maior treinamento auditivo especializado e de estudo de teoria musical.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de FonoaudiologiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, Depto. de FonoaudiologiaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

出芽酵母におけるゴルジ体槽成熟機構の研究

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学准教授 佐藤 健, 東京大学教授 寺島 一郎, 東京大学教授 飯野 雄一, 東京大学教授 中野 明彦, 立教大学教授 後藤 聡University of Tokyo(東京大学

Estudo antropométrico e dietético de nadadores competitivos de áreas metropolitanas da região sudeste do Brasil

The daily food intake and alimentary frequency of competitive swimmers of two clubs representative of the two largest cities in Brazil (S.Paulo and Rio de Janeiro) were studied. The 30 males and 37 females studied belonged to the swimming categories "junior" (15-17 yrs old) and "senior" (18-25 yrs old). Food intake obtained from self-register and 24 hour-recall showed similar results and therefore the 24 hour-recall was used for comparisons with the literature. Ages within both sexes were anthropometrically similar. The most frequently eaten foodstaffs were similar to those quoted by the metropolitan population of the respective areas. Moroever, the athletes from both cities reported similar food-supplements. The energy intake was found to average almost double the estimated value for the respective metropolitan populations, but were similar to results obtained for swimmers all over the world. Snacks between meals supplied 25-28% of the overall energy intake. The main caloric source were cereals. However, despite their contribution of almost 50% of the total energy intake, carbohydrates attained a level of only 55-60% of that recommended for competitive athletes. On the other hand, the protein intake found (2.5-3.0 g/kg/day) exceeded the recommended values by 100%. The fat intake particularly of satured fat, was also considered high. The swimmers' intake of micronutrients was well abone that quoted by the regular population of these metropolitan areas, when related to the caloric intake, but the values of Mg, Fe and vitamins A and D were somecohot lower than those recommended. This is due to the higers energy intake of the swimmers. From these overall results it may be concluded that the alimentary pattern of the swimmers studied does not differ greatly from that of the local population, being distinguished by its higher and more frequent intake of caloric foods rather than by its qualitative aspects.Com o objetivo de caracterizar os ábitos alimentares de nadadores competitivos de dois clubes das cidades do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo, foram estudados atletas, 30 homens e 37 mulheres pertencentes às equipes juvenil (15-17 anos) e "seniors" (18-25 anos). Concomitantemente à avaliação antropométrica, foi feito o inquérito alimentar mediante os métodos de registro alimentar, recordatório de 24 horas e freqüência de consumo alimentar. Os resultados mostraram semelhança antropométrica entre as duas faixas etárias para cada um dos sexos, semelhança dos alimentos prevalentemente ingeridos com aqueles referidos pela população da área metropolitana das duas cidades e semelhança entre os suplementos alimentares ingeridos pelos atletas dos dois clubes. A ingestão calórica observada foi quase o dobro da referida para a população daquelas localidades, mas equivalente à descrita para nadadores de outros países. Os lanches, entre refeições, contribuíram com 25-28% da ingestão calórica global e a maior contribuição energética alimentar foi dada pelo grupo de cereais. Apesar de contribuir com quase 50% do aporte calórico diário, a ingestão glicídica foi menor que a recomendada para atletas competitivos (55-60%). A ingestão protéica de 2,5-3,0 g/kg/dia superou em 100% o valor recomendado para atletas e ultrapassou os 15% na participação calórica diária. A ingestão lipídica foi considerada elevada, particularmente a de gordura saturada. O aporte de micronutrientes foi acima do referido para as populações locais em função da ingestão calórica elevada, mas mostrou-se relativamente inadequado em magnésio, ferro e vitaminas A e D. Conclui-se que o padrão alimentar dos nadadores estudados não difere, muito, do da população local, distinguindo-se pelo elevado e freqüente consumo de alimentos energéticos, maior no sexo masculino que no feminino

Kinetoplastid kinetochore proteins KKT14–KKT15 are divergent Bub1/BubR1–Bub3 proteins

Faithful transmission of genetic material is crucial for the survival of all organisms. In many eukaryotes, a feedback control mechanism called the spindle checkpoint ensures chromosome segregation fidelity by delaying cell cycle progression until all chromosomes achieve proper attachment to the mitotic spindle. Kinetochores are the macromolecular complexes that act as the interface between chromosomes and spindle microtubules. While most eukaryotes have canonical kinetochore proteins that are widely conserved, kinetoplastids such as Trypanosoma brucei have a seemingly unique set of kinetochore proteins including KKT1–25. It remains poorly understood how kinetoplastids regulate cell cycle progression or ensure chromosome segregation fidelity. Here, we report a crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of KKT14 from Apiculatamorpha spiralis and uncover that it is a pseudokinase. Its structure is most similar to the kinase domain of a spindle checkpoint protein Bub1. In addition, KKT14 has a putative ABBA motif that is present in Bub1 and its paralogue BubR1. We also find that the N-terminal part of KKT14 interacts with KKT15, whose WD40 repeat beta-propeller is phylogenetically closely related to a direct interactor of Bub1/BubR1 called Bub3. Our findings indicate that KKT14–KKT15 are divergent orthologues of Bub1/BubR1–Bub3, which promote accurate chromosome segregation in trypanosomes

A distribuição do peso ao nascer no município de São Paulo, Brasil

In 1976, a survey was made of the birth-weight of live births in the maternity hospitals in the city of S. Paulo, Brazil and was used to calculate the distribution of birth-weight in the city. Incidence of birth weight lower than 2,501 grams and between 2,501 and 3,000 grams, 9.7% and 28.4%, was two times greater than that expected in a developed city and occurred more often in public hospitals than in private hospitals.Através de levantamento amostral dos nascimentos ocorridos nas maternidades do município de São Paulo, Brasil, em 1976, foi estimada a distribuição do peso ao nascer dos nascidos vivos em São Paulo. As incidências de nascimentos abaixo de 2.501 g. e entre 2.501 e 3.000 g., 9,7% e 28,4%, foram duas vezes superiores às esperadas em uma cidade desenvolvida e concentraram-se mais nas maternidades públicas do que nas privadas

Long-term eradication of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived Epstein-Barr virus-specific rejuvenated T cells in vivo

Functionally rejuvenated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are expected to be a potent immunotherapy for tumors. When L-asparaginase-containing standard chemotherapy fails in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL), no effective salvage therapy exists. The clinical course then is miserable. We demonstrate prolonged and robust eradication of ENKL in vivo by Epstein-Barr virus-specific iPSC-derived antigen-specific CTL, with iPSC-derived antigen-specific CTL persisting as central memory T cells in the mouse spleen for at least six months. The anti-tumor response is so strong that any concomitant effect of the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade is unclear. These results suggest that long-term persistent Epstein-Barr virus-specific iPSC-derived antigen-specific CTL contribute to a continuous anti-tumor effect and offer an effective salvage therapy for relapsed and refractory ENKL

ルーブリック オ シヨウシタ カンリ エイヨウシ ヨウセイ カテイ ニオケル リンチ ジッシュウ ノ ヒョウカ

【目的】管理栄養士養成課程において、学生の臨地実習の事前事後の学修成果について到達度評価に適しているとされるルーブリックを用いて評価し、総合演習を含む事前事後指導の在り方を振り返る。【方法】本校において設定された管理栄養士養成課程におけるルーブリックによる自己評価を臨地実習の事前と事後に実施し学修成果を分析した。【結果及び考察】臨地実習前の評価では、３年生女性では、主体性及びコミュニケーション力を除いた４項目（課題設定・解決力、情報活用力、知識と情報の統合力、職業観）で評価規準３または４と評価した学生が少なく、知識と情報の統合力の評価規準を１と評価した学生が２割いた。３年生男性は、コミュニケーション力の評価は高いが、その他の５項目（主体性、課題設定・解決力、情報活用力、知識と情報の統合力、職業観）の評価が低かった。またコミュニケーション力以外の項目で３年生の女性と同様に評価規準４と評価した割合が低かった。４年生の女性は、知識と情報の統合力の項目を除いた５項目（主体性、コミュニケーション力、課題設定・解決力、情報活用力、職業観）について半数以上の学生が評価規準３または４と評価し３年生女性より評価規準が高かった。男性については、該当人数が４名と少ないが、すべての項目で評価規準２または３と評価し評価規準４と評価した学生はいなかった。臨地実習後の評価については、３年生女性は課題設定・解決力が若干低かったが、それ以外の５項目について評価規準３または４と評価した学生が多くなり、３年生の男性は、主体性及び情報活用力以外の４項目について評価規準３または４と評価した学生が多かった。４年生女性の事後評価では、評価基準の各項目において評価規準３と評価した割合が高くなり評価規準４と評価した割合が減少した。４年生の男性は主体性及び情報活用力を除いて全員が評価規準３または４と評価した。どの項目も実習後の評価は評価規準３または４に評価した学生が増加し、その割合は６割強以上となり、管理栄養士として備えたい必要な力についておおむね獲得できたこと、本大学の学生は社会における管理栄養士としての資質（知識、技術、態度）についての理解が臨地実習後におおむね獲得できたという評価となり、今回用いた「管理栄養士課程における臨地実習ルーブリック」により臨地実習の教育効果を可視化できたととらえることができた