INSTITUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER OF UKRAINE AND THE WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTION

The article analyzes the institutional problems of the water supply and wastewater system of Ukraine. Government-created institutions have a direct or indirect effect on the state and development of the water supply and wastewater sector, determine the processes for its modernization, as the water supply and wastewater sector itself has a certain influence on the institutions, creating the basis for their modernization, transformation or liquidation. The author argues that in order to be effective in implementing the state policy in the field of water supply and wastewater, it has to be consistent with the goals of state economic policy in other areas - social, environmental, tax, energy, financial and economic, housing, national security, etc. The article analyzes how the uncoordinated state policy of the country in the social, environmental, tax, financial, energy, foreign economic sphere affects the sphere of water supply and wastewater and its consequences. The author defines the problems of institutional provision of state policy in the field of water supply and wastewater and describes them. The author argues that the influence of institutional problems on the state and development of the water supply and wastewater system is so great that, no matter how efficient the management and regulation in the field of water supply and wastewater, the result will not meet expectations. In the article the author suggests ways of solving some institutional problems in the field of research.The article analyzes the institutional problems of the water supply and wastewater system of Ukraine. Government-created institutions have a direct or indirect effect on the state and development of the water supply and wastewater sector, determine the processes for its modernization, as the water supply and wastewater sector itself has a certain influence on the institutions, creating the basis for their modernization, transformation or liquidation. The author argues that in order to be effective in implementing the state policy in the field of water supply and wastewater, it has to be consistent with the goals of state economic policy in other areas - social, environmental, tax, energy, financial and economic, housing, national security, etc. The article analyzes how the uncoordinated state policy of the country in the social, environmental, tax, financial, energy, foreign economic sphere affects the sphere of water supply and wastewater and its consequences. The author defines the problems of institutional provision of state policy in the field of water supply and wastewater and describes them. The author argues that the influence of institutional problems on the state and development of the water supply and wastewater system is so great that, no matter how efficient the management and regulation in the field of water supply and wastewater, the result will not meet expectations. In the article the author suggests ways of solving some institutional problems in the field of research

STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER SPHERE OF UKRAINE

The article considers the need for the development of a Strategy for the development of the water supply and wastewater sector in Ukraine. The author of the article argues that without a strategy, the effective functioning and development of the water supply and wastewater system is impossible. Strategic planning in the field of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine is the development of a vision of a key element of modern management, which the state considers as the development of the water supply and wastewater sector in the future. The concept and essence of strategy in general are analyzed, the vision and mission of the sphere of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine are determined. The Strategy of development of the sphere of Ukraine till 2020, external and internal institutions that influence the vectors of development of the water supply and wastewater sector are considered. The author presents the priority goals of the development of the water sector, identified by international organizations over the past five years. The author proposes strategic directions for the development of the water supply and wastewater system with the justification of their implementation.The article considers the need for the development of a Strategy for the development of the water supply and wastewater sector in Ukraine. The author of the article argues that without a strategy, the effective functioning and development of the water supply and wastewater system is impossible. Strategic planning in the field of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine is the development of a vision of a key element of modern management, which the state considers as the development of the water supply and wastewater sector in the future. The concept and essence of strategy in general are analyzed, the vision and mission of the sphere of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine are determined. The Strategy of development of the sphere of Ukraine till 2020, external and internal institutions that influence the vectors of development of the water supply and wastewater sector are considered. The author presents the priority goals of the development of the water sector, identified by international organizations over the past five years. The author proposes strategic directions for the development of the water supply and wastewater system with the justification of their implementation

CONSOLIDATION OF ENTERPRISES OF WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER OF UKRAINE WITHIN THE RIVER BASINS: OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS

The article describes the peculiarities of implementation of the watershed management of water resources management in Ukraine under the conditions of reforming the state water management system, the sphere of water supply and wastewater. The connection between the implementation of the basin principle of water resources management and the search for an effective model of management of water supply and wastewater enterprises are determined. The article deals with the peculiarities of the existing management of the water supply and wastewater system of the country according to the administrative-territorial principle, presents a map of Ukraine by regional division, shows the population of the regions, the number of water supply and wastewater companies operating in the regions, lists the basic water supply and wastewater enterprises. The hydrographic map of Ukraine is presented, it is stated that the modern administrative- territorial division of the territory of Ukraine does not coincide with the hydrographic boundaries of the basins of water bodies of Ukraine, which also complicates the implementation of integrated management in the water sphere. The author of the article proposes to solve the issues of management and production efficiency of water supply and wastewater enterprises by consolidation of water supply and wastewater companies within river basins, separate territories (or regionalization of water supply and wastewater services) and creation of regional water companies on their basis. The article describes the advantages of consolidation of water supply and wastewater companies and gives examples of such consolidation in Ukraine and the prospects for its further implementation.The article describes the peculiarities of implementation of the watershed management of water resources management in Ukraine under the conditions of reforming the state water management system, the sphere of water supply and wastewater. The connection between the implementation of the basin principle of water resources management and the search for an effective model of management of water supply and wastewater enterprises are determined. The article deals with the peculiarities of the existing management of the water supply and wastewater system of the country according to the administrative-territorial principle, presents a map of Ukraine by regional division, shows the population of the regions, the number of water supply and wastewater companies operating in the regions, lists the basic water supply and wastewater enterprises. The hydrographic map of Ukraine is presented, it is stated that the modern administrative- territorial division of the territory of Ukraine does not coincide with the hydrographic boundaries of the basins of water bodies of Ukraine, which also complicates the implementation of integrated management in the water sphere. The author of the article proposes to solve the issues of management and production efficiency of water supply and wastewater enterprises by consolidation of water supply and wastewater companies within river basins, separate territories (or regionalization of water supply and wastewater services) and creation of regional water companies on their basis. The article describes the advantages of consolidation of water supply and wastewater companies and gives examples of such consolidation in Ukraine and the prospects for its further implementation

FREE ACCESS TO INFORMATION IN WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER OF UKRAINE AS THE PRINCIPLE OF THE STATE POLICY

The article attempts to analyze the legal fundamentals, principles and mechanisms of state policy principle on ensuring free access to information in the field of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine. The main focus is on normative legal acts that determine the need for open access of citizens of Ukraine to information, including in the field of water supply and wastewater. Responsibilities for providing open access to such information are entrusted to state authorities, local governments and water supply and wastewater companies. The author carries out the systematization of the types of information, access to which is provided to consumers in the field of water supply and wastewater, with the indication of the managers of such information and means of its provision. Provides data on the availability and adequacy of some types of information in the field of water supply and wastewater. The article also discusses the issues of realization of the right to access public information by analyzing the annual report of the Ombudsperson of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on human rights and jurisprudence. The system violates the legislation in the area of granting access to public information, the main groups of violations of the legislation in this area of legal regulation are defined. Information activities of state authorities, local self-government bodies and enterprises of Ukraine, despite numerous reforms, are still characterized by certain limitations and formalities.The article attempts to analyze the legal fundamentals, principles and mechanisms of state policy principle on ensuring free access to information in the field of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine. The main focus is on normative legal acts that determine the need for open access of citizens of Ukraine to information, including in the field of water supply and wastewater. Responsibilities for providing open access to such information are entrusted to state authorities, local governments and water supply and wastewater companies. The author carries out the systematization of the types of information, access to which is provided to consumers in the field of water supply and wastewater, with the indication of the managers of such information and means of its provision. Provides data on the availability and adequacy of some types of information in the field of water supply and wastewater. The article also discusses the issues of realization of the right to access public information by analyzing the annual report of the Ombudsperson of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on human rights and jurisprudence. The system violates the legislation in the area of granting access to public information, the main groups of violations of the legislation in this area of legal regulation are defined. Information activities of state authorities, local self-government bodies and enterprises of Ukraine, despite numerous reforms, are still characterized by certain limitations and formalities

ADMINISTRATION AND REGULATION OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SERVICE SECTOR OF UKRAINE

The article deals with the sphere of services of water supply and sanitation of Ukraine as an object of public administration and regulation. The meaning of the notions "drinking water", "drinking water supply", "centralized water supply", "wastewater (sanitation)" and others are provided. The composition of water supply and sanitation services is analyzed. The questions of surface wastewater (water received and collected in the form of atmospheric precipitation), which are not included in the list of water supply and sanitation services, are considered. Modern models of management of enterprises of water supply and sanitation in Ukraine are considered, the overwhelming majority of which is direct communal management. The legal status and features of water supply and sanitation companies of communal property are determined. The peculiarities of realization of public-private partnership in the field of water supply and wastewater are considered, examples of existing lease / concession agreements of water supply and sanitation facilities are given. The legal principles of state regulation of the activities of water supply and sanitation enterprises and regulatory measures are considered. The legal principles and features of the state tariff policy in the field of water supply and wastewater are determined. The issues of quality of water supply and sanitation services, consumer rights protection and environmental regulation in the field of water supply and wastewater are considered.The article deals with the sphere of services of water supply and sanitation of Ukraine as an object of public administration and regulation. The meaning of the notions "drinking water", "drinking water supply", "centralized water supply", "wastewater (sanitation)" and others are provided. The composition of water supply and sanitation services is analyzed. The questions of surface wastewater (water received and collected in the form of atmospheric precipitation), which are not included in the list of water supply and sanitation services, are considered. Modern models of management of enterprises of water supply and sanitation in Ukraine are considered, the overwhelming majority of which is direct communal management. The legal status and features of water supply and sanitation companies of communal property are determined. The peculiarities of realization of public-private partnership in the field of water supply and wastewater are considered, examples of existing lease / concession agreements of water supply and sanitation facilities are given. The legal principles of state regulation of the activities of water supply and sanitation enterprises and regulatory measures are considered. The legal principles and features of the state tariff policy in the field of water supply and wastewater are determined. The issues of quality of water supply and sanitation services, consumer rights protection and environmental regulation in the field of water supply and wastewater are considered

SELECTION OF THE OPTIMUM MODEL OF MANAGEMENT IN WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER SPHERE OF UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the analysis of European models of water supply and wastewater management and their implementation in Ukraine. The authors review the classical models of EU water supply and water dsposal management: English, French and German, their historical and political roots, the theoretical basis. In parallel, the authors analyze the state policy in the sphere of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine, the principles of its formation and features, the current state of the sphere of water supply and wastewater, organizational and legal forms of water supply and wastewater enterprises. The article analyzes the current state of realization of public- private partnership in the field of water supply and wastewater with indication of existing contracts and contracts that have become invalid. It is proved that the difference between the water supply and wastewater companies of different management models in Ukraine is not marked, as the general state of the water supply and wastewater sector shows the existence of common problems characteristic of all enterprises. In particular, the ineffectiveness of tariff policies, depreciation of fixed assets, low quality of services, difficult financial condition, inadequate investment, etc. The authors discuss the possibilities of adaptation of classical management models in Ukraine and possible consequences. The article defines the institutional problems of the state policy of Ukraine in the sphere of water supply and wastewater, which influence the efficiency of the implementation and functioning of any model of management and regulation.The article is devoted to the analysis of European models of water supply and wastewater management and their implementation in Ukraine. The authors review the classical models of EU water supply and water dsposal management: English, French and German, their historical and political roots, the theoretical basis. In parallel, the authors analyze the state policy in the sphere of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine, the principles of its formation and features, the current state of the sphere of water supply and wastewater, organizational and legal forms of water supply and wastewater enterprises. The article analyzes the current state of realization of public- private partnership in the field of water supply and wastewater with indication of existing contracts and contracts that have become invalid. It is proved that the difference between the water supply and wastewater companies of different management models in Ukraine is not marked, as the general state of the water supply and wastewater sector shows the existence of common problems characteristic of all enterprises. In particular, the ineffectiveness of tariff policies, depreciation of fixed assets, low quality of services, difficult financial condition, inadequate investment, etc. The authors discuss the possibilities of adaptation of classical management models in Ukraine and possible consequences. The article defines the institutional problems of the state policy of Ukraine in the sphere of water supply and wastewater, which influence the efficiency of the implementation and functioning of any model of management and regulation

USE OF INVESTMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER SPHERE IN UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the clarification of the peculiarities of the use of investment instruments for the development of the water supply and wastewater sector in Ukraine. The sphere of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine requires significant investments for the renewal of fixed assets of water supply and wastewater enterprises, reconstruction and development of engineering infrastructure, introduction of the latest technologies, improvement of the quality of services, etc. The authors consider the concept of investment, investment activity, investment program in the general context and in the field of water supply and wastewater. The structure of planned volumes of financing of measures of investment programs of water supply and wastewater enterprises in 2018 is being analyzed. Issues of application of other modern financial and economic mechanisms in the field of water supply and wastewater are considered. The article analyzes the state of realization of public-private partnership in the field of water supply and wastewater on the basis of statistical data. Investment approaches based on participative financing, which involves the use of financial resources not only of the state but also of local communities, business and civil society institutions, and financing through the use of opportunities of the market of debt obligations, including at the expense of the issue of municipal securities in the form of bonds of a local loan.The article is devoted to the clarification of the peculiarities of the use of investment instruments for the development of the water supply and wastewater sector in Ukraine. The sphere of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine requires significant investments for the renewal of fixed assets of water supply and wastewater enterprises, reconstruction and development of engineering infrastructure, introduction of the latest technologies, improvement of the quality of services, etc. The authors consider the concept of investment, investment activity, investment program in the general context and in the field of water supply and wastewater. The structure of planned volumes of financing of measures of investment programs of water supply and wastewater enterprises in 2018 is being analyzed. Issues of application of other modern financial and economic mechanisms in the field of water supply and wastewater are considered. The article analyzes the state of realization of public-private partnership in the field of water supply and wastewater on the basis of statistical data. Investment approaches based on participative financing, which involves the use of financial resources not only of the state but also of local communities, business and civil society institutions, and financing through the use of opportunities of the market of debt obligations, including at the expense of the issue of municipal securities in the form of bonds of a local loan

Система нормативно-правових актів у сфері водопостачання та водовідведення. Ефективність та реалізація

Сфера водопостачання та водовідведення є важливою сферою економіки і сферою життєзабезпечення населення держави. Регулювання сфери водопостачання та водовідведення є питанням державної політики як сукупності ціннісних цілей, державно-управлінських заходів, рішень і дій, порядку реалізації державно-політичних рішень (поставлених державною владою цілей) і системи державного управління розвитком країни. Реалізація державної політики і влади у сучасному суспільстві неможлива без використання актів органів державної влади, котрі є зовнішнім проявом здійснення їх повноважень, в яких відображені конкретні рішення державної влади та які спрямовані на врегулювання певних суспільних відносин і досягнення певних юридичних наслідків. Акти органів державної влади мають велике значення для держави і суспільства, оскільки виражають конкретні рішення державної влади, її дії стосовно реалізації функцій з управління суспільством.Стаття присвячена дослідженню системи діючих нормативно-правових актів у сфері водопостачання та водовідведення. Автор аналізує поняття актів органів державної влади, нормативно-правових актів та їх класифікацію, наводить свої критерії класифікації нормативно-правових актів. Досліджує характерні особливості нормативно-правового регулювання сфери водопостачання та водовідведення, виділяє законодавчі і підзаконні нормативно-правові акти, основні і супроводжуючі законодавчі акти. Зокрема, аналізуються Закони України «Про житлово-комунальні послуги», «Про питну воду, питне водопостачання та водовідведення», «Про державне регулювання комунальних послуг», «Про природні монополії», наводяться певні неузгодженості між нормами Законів.Автор систематизує нормативно-правові акти у сфері водопостачання та водовідведення за предметом регулювання, зокрема: з питань експлуатації та обслуговування систем водопостачання та водовідведення, з питань якості питної води та послуг; з питань встановлення нормативів, з питань розрахунку втрат, з питань встановлення тарифів, з питань обліку доходів і витрат, з питань охорони праці, цивільного захисту, небезпечності об’єктів тощо. В статті також розглядається питання ефективності нормативно-правових актів, аналізуються критерії ефективності нормативно-правових актів загальнотеоретичні та авторські у сфері водопостачання та водовідведення. Зокрема, ефективність нормативно-правового акту виражається в досягнення ним цілей правового регулювання, а саме: закріплення з допомогою юридичних засобів уже існуючих суспільних відносин; стимулювання тих суспільних відносин, що вже існують і відповідають загальному інтересу суспільства; створення умов для виникнення й розвитку нових форм суспільних відносин; вилучення з практики соціально небезпечних відносин. До основних чинників ефективності правових норм належать: відповідність вимог норм права рівню соціально-економічного розвитку суспільства; рівень досконалості законодавства; рівень правової культури громадян, стан сфери регулювання.Сфера водоснабжения и водоотведения является важной сферой экономики и сферой жизнеобеспечения населения государства. Регулирование сферы водоснабжения и водоотведения является вопросом государственной политики как совокупности ценностных целей, государственно-управленческих мер, решений и действий, порядка реализации государственно-политических решений (поставленных государственной властью целей) и системы государственного управления развитием страны. Реализация государственной политики и власти в современном обществе невозможна без использования актов органов государственной власти, которые являются внешним проявлением осуществления их полномочий, в которых отражены конкретные решения государственной власти и направленных на урегулирование определенных общественных отношений и достижение определенных юридических последствий. Акты органов государственной власти имеют большое значение для государства и общества, поскольку выражают конкретные решения государственной власти, ее действия по реализации функций по управлению обществом.Статья посвящена исследованию системы действующих нормативно-правовых актов в сфере водоснабжения и водоотведения. Автор анализирует понятие актов органов государственной власти, нормативно-правовых актов и их классификацию, приводит свои критерии классификации нормативно-правовых актов. Исследует характерные особенности нормативно-правового регулирования сферы водоснабжения и водоотведения, выделяет законодательные и подзаконные нормативно-правовые акты, основные и сопровождающие законодательные акты. В частности, анализируются Законы Украины «О жилищно-коммунальных услугах», «О питьевой воде, питьевом водоснабжении и водоотведении», «О государственном регулировании коммунальных услуг», «О естественных монополиях», приводятся определенные несогласованности между нормами законов.Автор систематизирует нормативно-правовые акты в сфере водоснабжения и водоотведения по предмету регулирования, в частности: по вопросам эксплуатации и обслуживания систем водоснабжения и водоотведения, по вопросам качества питьевой воды и услуг; по вопросам установления нормативов по вопросам расчета потерь по вопросам установления тарифов, по вопросам учета доходов и расходов, по вопросам охраны труда, гражданской защиты, опасности объектов и тому подобное.В статье также рассматривается вопрос эффективности нормативно-правовых актов, анализируются критерии эффективности нормативно-правовых актов общетеоретические и авторские в сфере водоснабжения и водоотведения. В частности, эффективность нормативно-правового акта выражается в достижения им целей правового регулирования, а именно: закрепление с помощью юридических средств уже существующих общественных отношений; стимулирование тех общественных отношений, которые уже существуют и соответствуют общему интересу общества; создание условий для возникновения и развития новых форм общественных отношений; изъятие из практики социально опасных отношений. К основным факторам эффективности правовых норм относятся: соответствие требованиям норм права уровню социально-экономического развития общества; уровень совершенства законодательства; уровень правовой культуры граждан, состояние сферы регулирования.Сфера водопостачання та водовідведення є важливою сферою економіки і сферою життєзабезпечення населення держави. Регулювання сфери водопостачання та водовідведення є питанням державної політики як сукупності ціннісних цілей, державно-управлінських заходів, рішень і дій, порядку реалізації державно-політичних рішень (поставлених державною владою цілей) і системи державного управління розвитком країни. Реалізація державної політики і влади у сучасному суспільстві неможлива без використання актів органів державної влади, котрі є зовнішнім проявом здійснення їх повноважень, в яких відображені конкретні рішення державної влади та які спрямовані на врегулювання певних суспільних відносин і досягнення певних юридичних наслідків. Акти органів державної влади мають велике значення для держави і суспільства, оскільки виражають конкретні рішення державної влади, її дії стосовно реалізації функцій з управління суспільством.Стаття присвячена дослідженню системи діючих нормативно-правових актів у сфері водопостачання та водовідведення. Автор аналізує поняття актів органів державної влади, нормативно-правових актів та їх класифікацію, наводить свої критерії класифікації нормативно-правових актів. Досліджує характерні особливості нормативно-правового регулювання сфери водопостачання та водовідведення, виділяє законодавчі і підзаконні нормативно-правові акти, основні і супроводжуючі законодавчі акти. Зокрема, аналізуються Закони України «Про житлово-комунальні послуги», «Про питну воду, питне водопостачання та водовідведення», «Про державне регулювання комунальних послуг», «Про природні монополії», наводяться певні неузгодженості між нормами Законів.Автор систематизує нормативно-правові акти у сфері водопостачання та водовідведення за предметом регулювання, зокрема: з питань експлуатації та обслуговування систем водопостачання та водовідведення, з питань якості питної води та послуг; з питань встановлення нормативів, з питань розрахунку втрат, з питань встановлення тарифів, з питань обліку доходів і витрат, з питань охорони праці, цивільного захисту, небезпечності об’єктів тощо. В статті також розглядається питання ефективності нормативно-правових актів, аналізуються критерії ефективності нормативно-правових актів загальнотеоретичні та авторські у сфері водопостачання та водовідведення. Зокрема, ефективність нормативно-правового акту виражається в досягнення ним цілей правового регулювання, а саме: закріплення з допомогою юридичних засобів уже існуючих суспільних відносин; стимулювання тих суспільних відносин, що вже існують і відповідають загальному інтересу суспільства; створення умов для виникнення й розвитку нових форм суспільних відносин; вилучення з практики соціально небезпечних відносин. До основних чинників ефективності правових норм належать: відповідність вимог норм права рівню соціально-економічного розвитку суспільства; рівень досконалості законодавства; рівень правової культури громадян, стан сфери регулювання

On the question of financial support for business during the war (Ukrainian case)

The military invasion of Ukraine is accompanied by the infrastructure destruction, territories occupation, forced migration, a catastrophic drop in GDP, high inflation rates etc. Domestic business is one of the most important sources of tax revenues for the state budget, and therefore the question of its support during martial law is relevant and timely. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the domestic economy, in particular, to determine the consequences for business entities and to assess the measures and volumes of financial support for businesses during the war, as well as to determine the priority directions for further financing of businesses. The scientific methods used: analysis, synthesis, graphic and statistical methods, the method of establishing cause-and-effect relationships. As a result of the research, the current state of the Ukrainian economy was determined and areas of support for businesses were considered. The novelty of the research is the proposal of priority directions for financing of businesses in wartime conditions, in particular financing of innovative and sustainable development. The practical results of the study can be used by businesses and the government to determine the main directions of adaptation to military conditions

Free Access to Information in Water Supply and Wastewater of Ukraine as the Principle of the State Policy

The article attempts to analyze the legal fundamentals, principles and mechanisms of state policy principle on ensuring free access to information in the field of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine. The main focus is on normative legal acts that determine the need for open access of citizens of Ukraine to information, including in the field of water supply and wastewater. Responsibilities for providing open access to such information are entrusted to state authorities, local governments and water supply and wastewater companies. The author carries out the systematization of the types of information, access to which is provided to consumers in the field of water supply and wastewater, with the indication of the managers of such information and means of its provision. Provides data on the availability and adequacy of some types of information in the field of water supply and wastewater. The article also discusses the issues of realization of the right to access public information by analyzing the annual report of the Ombudsperson of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on human rights and jurisprudence. The system violates the legislation in the area of granting access to public information, the main groups of violations of the legislation in this area of legal regulation are defined. Information activities of state authorities, local self-government bodies and enterprises of Ukraine, despite numerous reforms, are still characterized by certain limitations and formalities