Analysis of arterial intimal hyperplasia: review and hypothesis

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background: Despite a prodigious investment of funds, we cannot treat or prevent arteriosclerosis and restenosis, particularly its major pathology, arterial intimal hyperplasia. A cornerstone question lies behind all approaches to the disease: what causes the pathology? Hypothesis: I argue that the question itself is misplaced because it implies that intimal hyperplasia is a novel pathological phenomenon caused by new mechanisms. A simple inquiry into arterial morphology shows the opposite is true. The normal multi-layer cellular organization of the tunica intima is identical to that of diseased hyperplasia; it is the standard arterial system design in all placentals at least as large as rabbits, including humans. Formed initially as one-layer endothelium lining, this phenotype can either be maintained or differentiate into a normal multi-layer cellular lining, so striking in its resemblance to diseased hyperplasia that we have to name it "benign intimal hyperplasia". However, normal or "benign " intimal hyperplasia, although microscopically identical to pathology, is a controllable phenotype that rarely compromises blood supply. It is remarkable that each human heart has coronary arteries in which a single-layer endothelium differentiates earl

Metal ion sensors based on self-assembled monolayer anchored by tetradentate 6,6\u27-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)-2,2\u27-bipyridine phosphonic acid on indium oxide doped-tin oxide (ITO) electrode

A novel tetradentate ligand, 6,6’-bis(1-hexylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2,2’-bipyridine phosphonic acid (bhbbpa), was immobilized on an ITO electrode. Cyclic voltammetric measurements reveal that the anchored bhbbpa ligand can bind the metal ion such as Co2+ and Cu2+, which can be detected by the Co(II/III) or Cu(I/II) waves in the voltammograms. Furthermore, Cu2+ ion can be selectively attached to anchored dhbbda ligand in the presence of otherwise interfering ions such as Co2+ which can be probed by electrochemical measurements. Therefore, the bhbbpa immobilized ITO electrode can act as a metal ion selective sensor for Cu2+ ion.【査読有

Effects of Fluid Flow Rate and Stress Amplitude on the Initiation and Growth Behavior of Corrosion Pits on an Annealed Carbon Steel

In order to clarify the effects of the fluid flow rate and stress amplitude on the initiation and growth behavior of corrosion pits, round, smooth specimens were rotated at various speeds in sodium chloride aqueous solution. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The pit growth behavior was adequately predicted by Eq. (1), regardless of the fluid flow rated and stress amplitudes. (2) The pit initiation time decreases with an increase in the fluid flow rate and stress amplitudes. (3) For small pits whose sizes are about 0.03mm, the pit growth rates increase with an increase in the fluid flow rate, while the growth rates for pits above 0.08mm are independent of the fluid flow rate and smaller than those of 0.03 mm. The pit growth rates in the case of 100 MPa are 5～10 times larger than those of the nonstressing condition