Prévalence hospitalière et étiologie de l’infertilité féminine dans la ville de Ouagadougou

Notre objectif était de déterminer la prévalence hospitalière et les étiologies de l’infertilité du couple dans la ville de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). C’était une étude descriptive et transversale avec collecte rétrospective des données dans 15 formations sanitaires de la ville de Ouagadougou. Etaient incluses les femmes âgées de 18-49 ans dont l’époux a entre 18-60 ans et consultant en gynécologie. Les cas de stérilité artificielle étaient exclus. Au total 6 642 dossiers ont été analysés. L’âge moyen était de 29,69 (IC95 % : 29.51 ; 29.87) ans. Elles étaient 75 % de mariées, 74 % sous le régime de la monogamie. La durée moyenne de vie en couple était de 64.52 (IC 95% : 57.22; 71.81) mois. Le désir d’enfant était le second motif de consultation (26,55 % ; IC95 % : 25.33 ; 27.80) après les problèmes mammaires. Le taux de prévalence hospitalière globale de l’infertilité était de 17.76 % (IC95 % : 16.81 ; 18.75) dont 8,57 % (IC95 % : 7.90 ; 9.31) d’infertilité primaire. L’infertilité était concentrée parmi les femmes âgées de 25-35 ans. Les taux de prévalence de l’infertilité sont restés stables sur les 10 dernières années. Une transition étiologique semble s’opérer des causes d’origine infectieuse aux causes anatomiques.Mots-clés : prévalence, infertilité féminine, Burkina Faso, Afrique Sub-saharienne

Apport de l’imagerie en coupes dans le diagnostic du diverticule urétral de la femme : à propos d’un cas révélé par une rétention aiguë d’urine

Encore appelé poche sous urétrale, le diverticule de l'urètre est une pathologie de la femme jeune. Ilse définit comme une hernie de la muqueuse urétrale à travers les fibres musculaires, créant une cavité néoformée à partir de la paroi urétrale et qui communique avec la lumière urétrale par un orifice de diamètre variable. Il peut être acquis ou congénital. Lessymptômessontsouvent non spécifiques, dominés par lessignes d’infection urinaire ou encore d’une instabilité vésicale idiopathique. C'est une pathologie rare avec une prévalence de  0,5 à 6% selon les séries Cependant, cette prévalence ne reflète pas la fréquence réelle de cette pathologie. Sa méconnaissance dansla plupart du temps expose à des  difficultésthérapeutiques, voire à des complications (cancérisation). La mise au point de techniques d’imagerie performantes telles que la TDM et l’IRM aident à confirmer le diagnostic et à localiser la lésion en vue d’une prise en charge précoce et adéquate. Nousrapportons un cas de diverticule urétralsurvenu chez une jeune femme de 40 ansrévélé par une rétention aiguë d’urine dans le but de décrire le rôle clé de l’imagerie en coupes dans le diagnostic précoce de cette affection. Mots-clés : Diverticule urétral, IRM pelvis, rétention d’urine

Determinants of Plasmodium falciparum multiplicity of infection and genetic diversity in Burkina Faso.

Investigating malaria transmission dynamics is essential to inform policy decision making. Whether multiplicity of infection (MOI) dynamic from individual infections could be a reliable malaria metric in high transmission settings with marked variation in seasons of malaria transmission has been poorly assessed. This study aimed at investigating factors driving Plasmodium falciparum MOI and genetic diversity in a hyperendemic area of Burkina Faso.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage in symptomatic patients shows significant association with genetically diverse infections, anaemia, and asexual stage density

International audienceAbstract Background Multi-genotype malaria infections are frequent in endemic area, and people commonly harbour several genetically distinct Plasmodium falciparum variants. The influence of genetic multiplicity and whether some specific genetic variants are more or less likely to invest into gametocyte production is not clearly understood. This study explored host and parasite-related risk factors for gametocyte carriage, and the extent to which some specific P. falciparum genetic variants are associated with gametocyte carriage. Methods Gametocytes and asexual forms were detected by light microscopy on thick smears collected between 2010 and 2012 in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Merozoite surface protein 1 and 2 were genotyped by nested PCR on clinical samples. Associations between gametocyte carriage and factors, including multiplicity of infection, parasite density, patient age, gender, haemoglobin (Hb) level, and body temperature were assessed. The relationship between the presence of a particular msp1 and msp2 genetic variants and gametocyte carriage was also explored. Results Of the 724 samples positive to P. falciparum and successfully genotyped, gametocytes were found in 48 samples (6.63%). There was no effect of patient gender, age and body temperature on gametocyte carriage. However, the probability of gametocyte carriage significantly increased with increasing values of multiplicity of infection (MOI). Furthermore, there was a negative association between parasite density and gametocyte carriage. MOI decreased with parasite density in gametocyte-negative patients, but increased in gametocyte carriers. The probability of gametocyte carriage decreased with Hb level. Finally, the genetic composition of the infection influenced gametocyte carriage. In particular, the presence of RO33 increased the odds of developing gametocytes by 2 while the other allelic families K1, MAD20, FC27, and 3D7 had no significant impact on the occurrence of gametocytes in infected patients. Conclusion This study provides insight into potential factors influencing gametocyte production in symptomatic patients. The findings contribute to enhance understanding of risk factors associated with gametocyte carriage in humans. Trial registration NCT01232530

Polymorphisme de Plasmodium falciparum et mutations des gènes de résistance Pfcrt et Pfmdr1 dans la zone de Nanoro, Burkina Faso

International audienceIntroduction: from a genetic point of view P. falciparum is extremely polymorphic. There is a variety of parasite strains infesting individuals living in malaria endemic areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasites and Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 gene mutations in Nanoro area, Burkina Faso.Methods: blood samples from plasmodium carriers residing in the Nanoro Health District were genotyped using nested PCR. Parasite gene mutations associated with resistance to antimalarial drugs were detected by PCR-RFLP.Results: samples of 672 patients were successfully genotyped. No msp1 and msp2 allelic families exhibited an increase in developing mutations in resistance genes. However, mutant strains of these genes were present at greater levels in monoclonal infections than in multi-clonal infections.Conclusion: this study provides an overview of the relationship between polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasites and mutations in resistance genes. These data will undoubtedly contribute to improving knowledge of the parasite´s biology and its mechanisms of resistance to antimalarial drugs.Introduction: sur le plan génétique, Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) est une espèce extrêmement polymorphe. Il existe une diversité de souches parasitaires qui infestent les individus vivant en zone d´endémie palustre. La présente étude vise à étudier la relation entre le polymorphisme de P. falciparum et les mutations au niveau des gènes Pfcrt et Pfmdr1 dans la zone de Nanoro au Burkina Faso.Méthodes: les échantillons sanguins de porteurs de plasmodiums résidant dans le district sanitaire de Nanoro ont fait l´objet d´un génotypage par PCR nichée. Les mutations au niveau des gènes de résistance du parasite aux antipaludiques ont été détectées par la technique PCR-RFLP.Résultats: les échantillons de 672 patients ont été génotypés avec succès. Aucune famille allélique des gènes msp1 et msp2 n´avaient une susceptibilité accrue à développer des mutations au niveau des gènes de résistance. Par contre, les souches mutantes de ces gènes étaient significativement plus importantes dans les infections monoclonales que dans les infections multi clonales.Conclusion: cette étude fournit un aperçu global de la relation entre le polymorphisme de P. falciparum et les mutations au niveau des gènes de résistance. Ces données contribueront sans doute à améliorer les connaissances sur la biologie du parasite et de ses mécanismes de résistance aux antipaludique

Baseline malarial and nutritional profile of children under seasonal malaria chemoprevention coverage in the health district of Nanoro, Burkina Faso

Seasonal Malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is one of the large-scale life-saving malaria interventions initially recommended for the Sahel subregion, including Burkina Faso and recently extended to other parts of Africa. Initially, SMC was restricted to children 3 to 59 months old, but an extension to older children in some locations was recently recommended. Further characterization of SMC population profile beyond age criterion is necessary for understanding factors that could negatively impact the effectiveness of the intervention and to define complementary measures that could enhance its impact. Children were assessed through a cross-sectional survey during the first month of the 2020 SMC campaign (July-August 2020) as part of the SMC-NUT project in the health district of Nanoro. Parameters such as body temperature, weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were assessed. In addition, blood sample was collected for malaria diagnosis by rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and microscopy, and for haemoglobin measurement. A total of 1059 children were enrolled. RDT positivity rate (RPR) was 22.2%, while microscopy positivity rate (MPR) was 10.4%, with parasitaemia levels ranging from 40 to 70480/μL. RPR and MPR increased as patient age increased. Wasting was observed in 7.25% of children under SMC coverage while the prevalence of stunting and underweight was 48.79% and 23.38%, respectively. As the age of the children increased, an improvement in their nutritional status was observed. Finally, undernourished children had higher parasite densities than children with adequate nutritional status. In the health district of Nanoro, children who received Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) were mostly undernourished during the period of SMC delivery, suggesting the need for combining the SMC with synergistic interventions against malnutrition to achieve best impact

Molecular Epidemiology of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Burkina Faso

The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes in childbearing age women, teenage girls, HIV-infected women, women with high-grade precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, sex workers, men, and otolaryngology tumor cases in Burkina Faso. This descriptive cross-sectional study with several target groups, consisted of 2386 samples from Burkina Faso. HR-HPV genotypes were characterized using real-time multiplex PCR. The prevalence of HR-HPV ranged from 15.63 to 72.31% depending on the target population and the nature of the samples. The most predominant genotypes in descending order were HPV-56, HPV-52, HPV-39, HPV-59, HPV-51, HPV-35, HPV-31, HPV-18, HPV-68, HPV-16, HPV-66, HPV-58, HPV-45, and HPV-33. The results of the present study show a wide variation in the distribution of HR-HPV genotypes in Burkina Faso. Genotypes 16 and 18 covered by HPV vaccines only accounted for 32.23% of HR-HPV cases