ESTIMATION AND CORRECTION OF THE UNCONTROLLED BEAM LOSS DUE TO THE ALIGNMENT ERROR IN THE LOW-ENERGY LINEAR ACCELERATOR OF RAON

Abstract RAON(Rare isotope Accelerator Of Newness) mainly consists of the front-end system, ISOL system, reaccelerator for ISOL system, charge stripper section and main linear accelerator(linac) for ECR ion sourc

Antagonism between abscisic acid and ethylene in Arabidopsis acts in parallel with the reciprocal regulation of their metabolism and signaling pathways

Although abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene have antagonistic functions in the control of plant growth and development, including seed germination and early seedling development, it remains unknown whether a convergent point exists between these two signaling pathways or whether they operate in parallel in Arabidopsis thaliana. To elucidate this issue, four ethylene mutants, ctr1, ein2, ein3, and ein6, were crossed with aba2 (also known as gin1-3) to generate double mutants. Genetic epistasis analysis revealed that all of the resulting double mutants displayed aba2 mutant phenotypes with a small plant size and wiltiness when grown in soil or on agar plates. Further ethylene sensitivity or triple response analyses demonstrated that these double mutants also retained the ctr1 or ein mutant phenotypes, showing ethylene constitutive triple and insensitive responses, respectively. Our current data therefore demonstrate that ABA and ethylene act in parallel, at least in primary signal transduction pathways. Moreover, by microarray analysis we found that an ACC oxidase (ACO) was significantly upregulated in the aba2 mutant, whereas the 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 3 (NCED3) gene in ein2 was upregulated, and both the ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE1 (ABI1) and cytochromeP450, family 707, subfamily A, polypeptide 2 (CYP707A2) genes in etr1-1 were downregulated. These data further suggest that ABA and ethylene may control the hormonal biosynthesis, catabolism, or signaling of each other to enhance their antagonistic effects upon seed germination and early seedling growth

Modeling Floral Phenology of Macadamia Nut (Macadamia Integrifolia)

In Hawaii, the increase in inflorescence bud length of macadamia {Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche) ‘Ikaika’ (Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station No. 333) from bud emergence (the stage when the bud is first visible and 1-3 mm long) to anthesis followed a sigmoid curve. The flowering season was from early December, 1989 to end of May, 1990 and showed two peaks. Buds reaching anthesis between 12 February, 1990 and 28 March, 1990 were considered the first group, and those reaching anthesis between 23 April, 1990 and 21 May, 1990 were considered the second group. Total rainfall, average daily solar radiation, and average daily maximum temperature were found to be highly correlated with monthly survival rate. Crop load may be another factor affecting the monthly survival rate. No significant weather effect on the maximum raceme length was found. The flower development of macadamia was divided into 5 stages: 1) bud emergence, 2) growth stage I which is a period of slow growth, 3) growth stage II which is a period of rapid growth, 4) mature stage which is the stage before anthesis when the raceme ceases increasing in length, and 5) anthesis. Total growing degree days (TGDD) with a base temperature of 12.5°C, the number of days with daily maximum temperature of at least 2 6 °C within the days to complete growth stage II or from growth stage II or mature stage to anthesis (D26Tmax), and total solar radiation (TSR) were found to be the three most important variables correlated to the days to complete growth stage II, growth stage II to anthesis, and mature stage to anthesis of inflorescence buds in groups one and two. With stepwise regression analysis, TGDD was always the most important parameter selected in the best two independent variable models in group one, whereas in group two, D26Tmax and TSR seemed to play more important roles. Statistical models were constructed for two purposes: to describe and predict the time of peak flowering of macadamia ‘Ikaika’ (HAES 333) using weather data. The best statistical model constructed to describe the days from the starting date of the flowering season to the highest peak was Dsh = 249.15 + 0.12 (TGDDsh) - 5.81 (MAXTsh) - 6.26 (MINTsh) where Dsh is the time from the starting date to the highest peak (days), TGDDsh is the total growing degree days accumulated during the period from the startingdate to the highest peak, MAXTsh is the average daily maximum temperature from the starting date to the highest peak (°C), and MINTsh is the average daily minimum temperature from the starting date to the highest peak (°C ). The coefficient of multiple determination (r 2) was 0.99**. Validation of the model showed the model predicted the highest peak 4 days before it occurred in the field at location 1 (Mauna Loa Macadamia Nut Corporation in Keaau) and 4 days after it occurred in the field at location 2 (Mac Farms of Hawaii, Inc. in Honomalino). Two statistical models were constructed to predict the days from the starting date of the flowering season to the first peak, one for each location. At location 1, the best model was Dsf1 = 118.61 - 0.11 (TG D D e sp I) + 0.000168 (TSO LARespI) where Dsf1 is the time from the starting date to the first peak at location 1 (days), TGDDesp1 is the total growing degree days accumulated during the 18 weeks after ending date to next starting date of flowering period at location 1, and TSOLAResp1 is the sum of solar radiation during the 18 weeks after ending date to next starting date of flowering period at location 1 (wh/m2). The R2 was 0.88**. Validation of the model showed the model predicted the first peak one day before it occurred in the field at location 1. The best model at location 2 was Dsf2 = - 156.34 + 12.67 (MINTesp2) + 0.01 (TGDDesp2) where Dsf2 is the time from the starting date to the first peak at location 2 (days), MINTesp2 is the average daily minimum temperature during the 18 weeks after ending date to next starting date of flowering period at location 2 (°C), and TGDDesp2 is the total growing degree days accumulated during the 18 weeks after ending date to next starting date of flowering period at location 2. The r 2 was 0.88**. Validation of the model resulted In the precise prediction of 42 days

Ectopic expression of rice OsNCED1 in Arabidopsis increases ABA level and alters leaf morphology

[[sponsorship]]植物暨微生物學研究所[[note]]已出版;[SCI];有審查制度;具代表性[[note]]http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Drexel&SrcApp=hagerty_opac&KeyRecord=0168-9452&DestApp=JCR&RQ=IF_CAT_BOXPLOT[[note]]http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=RID&SrcApp=RID&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&KeyUT=00027251330000

Bulletin de la Société pour la protection des paysages de France

15 avril 19081908/04/15 (N26,A7)-1908/04/15

Effects of Storage Duration and Temperature on Browning and Quality of Postharvest Bamboo Shoots

Due to the high respiration rate and ethylene production at the cut surface of bamboo (Dendrocalamus latifloxus Munro) shoots after harvesting, browning and lignification at the cut surface reduce their quality and shelf life. Due to the demand of consumers, using physical treatment to inhibit microbial growth and maintain quality has become more and more popular. In this study, bamboo shoots were treated with hot water at 70 °C for 30 s after harvesting and then stored at 1, 3, or 5 °C for 4 weeks to measure the quality change. Our results show that the L* value and h° angle at the cut surface of the bamboo shoots were significantly higher, but the respiration rate was significantly lower when stored at 1 °C compared with those at 3 and 5 °C. In terms of quality, the bamboo shoots showed lower firmness and cutting force values, and no decay was observed at 1 °C. The results from the shelf simulation test with rewarming of the cold-treated bamboo shoots at ambient temperature (25 °C) for 1 day indicated that the L* value and h° angle were significantly higher for the bamboo shoots stored at 1 °C compared with those stored at 3 and 5 °C. Taken together, browning and lignification at the cut surface were effectively inhibited, quality was maintained, and the storage life could be extended to 4 weeks at 1 °C

Effects of mirror distortion by thermal deformation in an interferometry beam size monitor system at PLS-II

Extraction mirrors installed at the most upstream position of interferometry beam size monitor are frequently used for measuring the beam size in storage rings. These mirrors receive the high power synchrotron radiation and are distorted owing to the heat distribution that depends on the position on the mirror surface. The distortion of the mirror changes the effective separation of the slit in the interferometry beam size monitor. Estimation of the effects of the front-end mirror distortion is important for measuring the beam size accurately. In this paper, we present the result of the numerical simulation of the temperature distribution and thermal expansion of the front-end mirror using ANSYS code, the theoretical basis of the effects of mirror distortion and compare with experimental results from Pohang Light Source II (PLS-II) at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL). The equipment in the beam diagnosis line in PLS-II and experimental set-up for measuring the distortion of the front-end mirror using a multi-hole square array Hartmann screen are described.11sciescopu

設施內高氣溫降低根溫處理對甜瓜生長與果實品質之影響

夏、秋季高溫，易使設施栽培作物產生高溫逆境，對作物生育或果實品質產生不良影響，因此本試驗於秋季(8-10 月)時，對東方甜瓜'嘉玉'品種進行冷水循環降低根溫的處理。使根溫控制於 23±2℃，期望能節省能源，並達到減緩高溫逆境之效果。結果顯示，降低根溫可增加株高與生長速率，但葉面積則與對照組(根溫 28 ± 4℃)無明顯增加；控制根溫於 23 ± 2℃對根部呼吸率有顯著增加，但根部活性無顯著差異。鮮乾重於處理間在秋季開花前無顯著差異，採收後處理組葉片鮮乾重則有明顯降低；碳水化合物濃度於兩處理間並無差異，低根溫處理組果實重量較重但糖度較對照組低。In summer, heat stress can cause negative effects on crop growth and fruit quality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of root temperature on plant growth and development of oriental melon 'Jill'. The experiments were conducted in autumn (August-October), 2012. A significant increase in plant height and growth rate but not in leaf area were observed when root temperature was lowered to 23±2℃. No significant difference on root fresh and dry weight between root cooling and ambient condition can be observed before anthesis; however, leaf fresh and dry weight after harvest were significantly decreased by 30 and 16% under root cooling and ambient condition, respectively, compared with those of control. Carbohydrate content was not statistically different between root cooling and ambient condition. In autumn, the total fruit soluble solid under root cooling condition was significantly decreased relative to the control

AtRBOH I confers submergence tolerance and is involved in auxin-mediated signaling pathways under hypoxic stress

Plants suffer from oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) and energy starvation under flooding conditions. Higher plants have evolved complex adaptive mechanisms to flooding that are induced by changes in the cellular redox state and phytohormones. Previously, we showed that the transcript levels of respiratory burst oxidase homolog I (AtRBOH I) in Arabidopsis increase under hypoxic stress. In this study, we used two independent Atrboh I-knockout lines to assess the molecular function of AtRBOH I in hypoxic signaling pathways. Under submergence conditions, the Atrboh I-knockout lines had a reduced survival rate and lower chlorophyll contents than those of wild type. The patterns of AtRBOH I expression were analyzed by fusing its promoter to the GUS reporter. These expression analyses indicated that AtRBOH I expression was activated by hypoxia, but this induction was reduced by the auxin transport inhibitor 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). Quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that the transcript levels of hypoxia-inducible genes (AtHRE1, AtADH1, AtLDH, and AtSUS1) were reduced in AtRBOH I-knockout lines under hypoxic conditions. The transcript levels of AtSUS1 were lower in AtRBOH I-knockout lines than in wild type in the hypoxia combined with NPA treatment. Hypoxic conditions increased the transcript levels of the auxin-responsive genes At1g19840, At3g23030, and At5g19140, and hypoxia combined with NPA resulted in increased transcript levels of the ethylene biosynthetic genes AtACS7 and AtACS8. Together, these results show that AtRBOH I regulates the expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and down-stream of hypoxia signaling, and that there is some interplay between hypoxia signaling and auxin-mediated signaling pathways under hypoxic stress