Effect of Anisaldehyde as Corrosion Inhibitor for Aluminium in Sulphuric Acid Solution

The inhibition effect of anisaldehyde on the corrosion of aluminium in sulphuric acid was investigated by weight loss method and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses. The effect of different inhibitor concentrations was studied at varying temperature (308, 313 and 318 K). It was found that the percentage of inhibition efficiency (% I.E.) increases with increase of inhibitor concentration and decreases with increase in temperature. The values of activation energy and half-life were found to be higher in inhibited acid solution compared to uninhibited acid solution, while that for the rate constant reduced from uninhibited to inhibited acid solution. The negative values of Gibbs free energy of adsorption confirmed the spontaneity of the process. Other thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy and entropy were also evaluated and discussed. The investigation of adsorption isotherm model indicates that the inhibitor fitted to Langmuir isotherm model. Result of SEM analysis shows how the inhibitor reduced the acid attack on the aluminium surface, and FTIR analysis result of the corrosion product proves the formation of thin layer of inhibitor molecules on aluminium surface

Keterbatasan Penggunaan Lingkaran Lengan Atas dalam Memonitor Status Gizi Wanita Hamil Berisiko Tinggi Melahirkan Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah

KETERBATASAN PENGGUNAAN LINGKARAN LENGAN ATAS DALAM MEMONITOR STATUS GIZI WANITA HAMIL BERISIKO TINGGI MELAHIRKAN BAYI BERAT LAHIR RENDA

Inhibitive Effect of Glutaraldehyde on the Corrosion of Aluminum in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

The inhibition effect of glutaraldehyde on the corrosion of aluminum in 1.4 M HCl solution at 308-318 K was investigated by using weight loss method and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) & Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis (SEM). The results show that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentration and decreases with rising temperature. The activation energy value was 20.48 kJ mol-1 for the uninhibited acid solution which increased to 33.79 kJ mol-1 in the presence of 0.1 M inhibitor concentration. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found to provide an accurate description of the adsorption behavior of the investigated inhibitor. The thermodynamic parameters such as adsorption equilibrium constant (Kads), free energy of adsorption (ΔGads), heat of adsorption (ΔHads) and entropy of adsorption (ΔSads) have been calculated and discussed in detail

Inhibitive Effect of Glutaraldehyde on the Corrosion of Aluminum in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

The inhibition effect of glutaraldehyde on the corrosion of aluminum in 1.4 M HCl solution at 308-318 K was investigated by using weight loss method and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) & Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis (SEM). The results show that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentration and decreases with rising temperature. The activation energy value was 20.48 kJ mol-1 for the uninhibited acid solution which increased to 33.79 kJ mol-1 in the presence of 0.1 M inhibitor concentration. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found to provide an accurate description of the adsorption behavior of the investigated inhibitor. The thermodynamic parameters such as adsorption equilibrium constant (Kads), free energy of adsorption (ΔGads), heat of adsorption (ΔHads) and entropy of adsorption (ΔSads) have been calculated and discussed in detail

Impact of Gurara Dam on Land Cover in the Surrounding Communities of Kaduna State, Nigeria

This research focuses on the impact of Gurara Dam on land cover in the surrounding communities of Kaduna state Nigeria. The aim of the study is to assess changes land cover condition in communities surrounding Gurara Dam as a result of the Dam construction. This was achieved by analysing the land cover changes between pre-dam (2000) and the post-dam (2013) in terms of spatial extent and percentage coverage.To assess the impact, Landsat (ETM, TM and MSS) covering the area for 2000 (pre-dam period) and 2013 (post-dam period) was obtained. To interpret and verify the accuracy of the satellite imagery; ground truth observation was conducted on the land cover of the study area. Using ArcGIS 10.0 and AutoCAD Map 2013 software, different image processing techniques and analysis were undertaken to produce land cover maps of the study area for pre-dam and post dam period. The extent of area coverage of each land use/land cover was calculated in hectares and express in percentages. The study discovers that in the post-dam period (between 2000 and 2013) the impact of Gurara dam has resulted in substantial changes in the land cover, with losses in fadama land. Forestry, arable land and Rock outcrop by 58%, 9%, 7%, and 12% respectively. Whereas gains occurred in bare land (26%), water bodies (42%), circulation (28%).  Modern irrigation also witnessed gain by 100% and built up area 26%. It is there recommended that, modern technology (Geographic Information System) be provided as mitigation measure to land cover problems in communities surrounding Gurara Dam. Keywords: Dam Construction, Geographic Information System, land cover, Upstream and Spatial Exten

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Status Gizi Keluarga di Tiga Daerah Berbeda Pola Kekerabatan

The study was carried out in three different kinship areas : bilineal in West Java, patrilineal in Lampung and matrilineal in West Sumatera. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of sociocultural factors that may effect nutritional status. A total of428 women in three study areas were interviewed and families were observed. The mean per capita expenditure was about the same in the three areas, and the portion of expenditure for food was 55 to 59 percent. Based on weight for height using WHO-NCHS standard, the percent of families with malnourished children was 42,9 percent in Cianjur (West Java), 29,5 percent in Lampung Selatan (Lampung), and 30,7 percent in Tanah Datar (West Sumatera). The study revealed that condition and characteristic of the families of different kinships in the study areas contribute the difference in knowledge, practice and eating pattern leading to the difference in nutritional status. In promoting behavioural change and for determining appropriate approaches to use, factors such as the role and status of women in the family in different kinships and community experiences combined with appropriate methods of adult education should be considered in applying the nutrition extension programme

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised