Histological Evaluation of Periapical Tissues after Root Canal Treatment with or without Coronal Seal in Dogs for Six Months

Introduction: Preventing recontamination of the obturated root canal is important for successful root canal treatment (RCT). The main purpose of this study was assessing the histological health of periradicular tissue in obturated root canals with or without coronal seal between two and six months. Methods and Materials: Sixty roots from five dogs with vital pulps were randomly assigned to one of the following five groups (n=12): Group 1, RCT and six months oral exposure; Group 2, RCT and immediate amalgam restoration; Group 3, RCT and amalgam restoration after two months exposure to the oral cavity; Group 4, RCT and amalgam restoration after four months exposure to the oral cavity; Group 5, RCT with two months exposure to oral cavity. The teeth were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and sealer using lateral condensation technique. Two intact root canals of each animal were regarded as the negative control group (n=10), and the two root canals exposed to the oral cavity constituted the positive one (n=10). After six months the animals were euthanized. The upper and lower jaws were removed and submitted for histological processing. Longitudinal sections were obtained from each root. After staining the sections, periradicular regions were examined histologically under light microscope. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests was used to analyze the data (P<0.05). Results: The results showed a significant difference between all groups (P<0.05). The negative control group was free of any inflammation. Two-by-two comparison revealed that the positive control group, Group 1 and Group 4 displayed the most intense inflammation. Groups 2, 3 and 5 showed similar results without developing any significant inflammation. Conclusion: Based upon the findings of this animal study, it can be recommended that the obturated root canals which are exposed to oral cavity for around four months or more should be retreated before crown restoration

Efficacy of biological agents and fillers seed coating in improving drought stress in anise

Many plants, including anise, have tiny, non-uniform seeds with low and light nutrient reserves. The seeds also show a weak establishment, especially under stressful conditions where their accurate planting in the soil and optimal yield are tough. This study sought to improve anise seeds' physical and physiological characteristics under drought stress. To this end, two factorial experiments under laboratory and greenhouse conditions were performed in a completely randomized design with 4 and 3 replications, respectively. Five levels of seed inoculation (inoculation with T36 and T43 of Trichoderma harzianum, and CHA0 and B52 of Pseudomonas fluorescent, and non-inoculation which means that control seeds were not treated with microbial inoculant), three levels of coating (K10P20, K10P10V5, and non-coating), and three levels of drought stress (0, -3, and -6 bars) were considered as the factorial experiment [vermiculite (V), kaolin (K), and perlite (P) numbers refer to the amount of material used in grams]. The laboratory experiment revealed that the combined treatments of bio-agents with coating increased the physical and germination characteristics of anise seeds compared to the control treatment. The greenhouse experiment showed that drought stress reduced the initial growth indices. Still, the combination treatments of biological agents and coating (fillers) could alleviate the destructive effects of drought stress to some extent and improve these indices. The best treatment was provided by T36 and K10P20 in both experiments, which significantly increased morphological indices.Peer reviewe

The application of solar energy in agricultural systems

Given that one day ends fossil fuels, need is  that finding alternative fuels for them And renewable energy is an alternative to fossil fuels and  nowadays gets much attention to it . in Between renewable energy sources, solar is more important , Because it is in all parts of the world. also This energy is used in various industry including agriculture And can using this fuels cultivated crops in the farthest corners of the world. Also The fuel is In addition to being to many and  other, hasn’t pollution of fossil fuels.Using the solar energy can , had  agricultural active in all areas , And given that with increasing population is increasing need to agricultural products And agricultural land is a fixed scale should Non-cultivable land planting agricultural products That greenhouse, a method is  that used Nowadays And Using the solar energy can built solar greenhouses in areas far from the city. also Can cited The other applications of solar energy, irrigation, drying products, ventilation niches . In this study, we have discussed some of the benefits of solar energy in agriculture .</p

The Effect of Eight Weeks of Curcumin Supplementation on the Expression of Some Regulatory Genes of Atrophic Processes in the Heart Tissue of Fatty Adult Fatty Rats

Background & Objective: Obesity causes heart muscle atrophy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin supplement on expression of PGC1α, FoxO3a, MuRF1, MAFbx as regulators of cardiac muscle atrophy of rats. Material and Methods: 12 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: obese (n = 6) and curcumin supplement (n = 6) after eight weeks of using high fat diet. The rats received curcumin for eight weeks and 150 mg / kg daily. The expression of genes was performed using Real Time-PCR technique. The expression of genes was calculated using the 2-∆∆CTmethod. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the significance of the variables among the study groups. Results: The administration of curcumin resulted in a significant reduction in the expression of genes of FoxO3a (P = 0.008), MAFbx (P = 0.02), MuRF1 (P = 0.001), and a significant increase in PGC1α gene expression (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Probably, administration of curcumin can be used to suppress heart muscle atrophy due to obesity by controlling the muscle atrophy pathway

Dosimetric investigation of a new high dose rate Ir brachytherapy source, IRAsource, by Monte Carlo method

PurposeThe purpose of the present study was to perform an independent calculation of dosimetric parameters associated with a new 192Ir brachytherapy source model, IRAsource.Materials and methodsThe parameters of air kerma strength (AKS), dose rate constant (DRC), geometry function (GF), radial dose function (RDF), as well as two-dimensional (2D) anisotropy function (AF) of IRAsource 192Ir source model were calculated in this study. The MC n-particle extended (MCNPX) code was also employed for simulating high dose rate (HDR), IRAsource and 192Ir source; and formalism was used for calculating dosimetry parameters based on task group number 43 updated report (TG-43 U1).ResultsThe results of this study were consistent with the ones reported about the IRAsource source by Sarabiasl et al. The AKS per 1mCi activity and the DRC values were also equal to 3.65 cGycm2h–1mCi–1 and 1.094 cGyh–1U–1; respectively. The comparison of the results of the DRC and the RDF reported by Sarabiasl et al. also validated the 192Ir IRAsource simulation in this study. Moreover, the AFs of IRAsource source model were in a good agreement with those of Sarabiasl et al. at different distances, which could be attributed to identical geometries.ConclusionIn line with those reported by Sarabiasl et al., the results of this study confirmed the IRAsource 192Ir source for clinical uses. The calculated dosimetric parameters of the IRAsource source could be utilized in clinical practices as input data sets or for validation of treatment planning system calculations

Tuberculosis infection among children under six in contact with smear positive cases: A study in a hyper endemic area of Iran

Introduction: Annually, tens of millions of children are being exposed to tuberculosisinfection. Note that children are in higher risk of getting infection and sever types of the disease, detecting the factors associated with transmission of the tuberculosis infection and disease to the exposed children is necessary for disease prevention within the community. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 50 children under 6 who were in close contact with 25 smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Sistan-Baloochistanprovine, Iran, were investigated. Demographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics of children and index cases were collected and tuberculosis infection and disease was assessed using the WHO guidelines. Results: Of 50 children exposed to the active cases, 12 (24 %) were infected to tuberculosis but none of them had active disease. We also found significant associations of the history of diabetes mellitus in the index cases (p = 0.043) and large family size (p = 0.026) with the increased risk of infection among the exposed children. Conclusion: Children under six which are in close contact with diabetic tuberculosis cases in large families are in higher risk of getting infection

The Effect of Different Irrigation Protocols for Smear Layer Removal on Bond Strength of a New Bioceramic Sealer

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of different irrigation protocols for smear layer removal on the bond strength of EndoSequence BC Sealer, a new bioceramic sealer, to root canal dentin. Materials and Methods: The middle third of forty-four extracted human teeth were sectioned horizontally to obtain 128 dentin disks. After standardization of canal spaces, dentin disks were immersed in 5.25% NaOCl for 20 min. The specimens were then randomly assigned to four groups (n=32) according to dentin treatment procedure: group 1, 17% EDTA (1 min); group 2, 17% EDTA (1 min) + 5.25% NaOCl (5 min); group 3, 17% EDTA (1 min) + 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) (5 min); and group 4, 17% EDTA (1 min) + saline (5 min). After dentin treatment, two specimens of each group were prepared for investigation with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface of root canal wall was assessed in each specimen. Then the canal spaces were filled with EndoSequence BC Sealer in the remaining specimens. Push-out bond-strength and failure modes were assessed. The data on push-out test were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. The significance level was set at P=0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the bond strengths of test groups (P=0.203). The bond failure was mainly cohesive for all groups. Conclusion: Under the conditions of this ex vivo study, it could be concluded that the application of 17% EDTA alone or followed by 5.25% NaOCl, 2% CHX, or saline resulted in similar bond strength of EndoSequence BC Sealer to dentinal walls

Effect of phosphate-buffered saline on push-out bond strength of a new bioceramic sealer to root canal dentin

Background: The aim of this study was to compare push-out bond strength of a new bioceramic endodontic sealer, EndoSequence BC sealer (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA), used with gutta-percha in the presence or absence of phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) within the root canals. Materials and Methods: Forty single-rooted human teeth were prepared and randomly divided into four groups. Samples in groups 1 and 2 were dried, but those in groups 3 and 4 were moistened with PBS before obturation. All root canals were obturated with gutta-percha/EndoSequence BC sealer. The specimens were stored in PBS for 7 days in groups 1 and 3 and for 2 months in groups 2 and 4. Push-out bond strength values and failure modes were evaluated. The data on push-out bond strength were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Results: The mean value for the bond strength of the obturation material in moistened canals was significantly higher than that in dried ones at 1 week (P = 0.00). Contrarily, there was no significant difference between dried and moistened root canals at 2 months (P = 0.61). In dried canals, bond strength increased significantly with time but in moistened ones, the difference was not significant. Inspection of the specimens revealed the bond failure to be mainly cohesive for all groups. Conclusion: The presence of PBS within the root canals increased the bond strength of EndoSequence BC sealer/gutta-percha at 1 week. However, no difference was found between the bond strength of EndoSequence BC sealer/gutta-percha in the presence or absence of PBS in the root canals at 2 months