Trustworthy Refactoring via Decomposition and Schemes: A Complex Case Study

Widely used complex code refactoring tools lack a solid reasoning about the correctness of the transformations they implement, whilst interest in proven correct refactoring is ever increasing as only formal verification can provide true confidence in applying tool-automated refactoring to industrial-scale code. By using our strategic rewriting based refactoring specification language, we present the decomposition of a complex transformation into smaller steps that can be expressed as instances of refactoring schemes, then we demonstrate the semi-automatic formal verification of the components based on a theoretical understanding of the semantics of the programming language. The extensible and verifiable refactoring definitions can be executed in our interpreter built on top of a static analyser framework.Comment: In Proceedings VPT 2017, arXiv:1708.0688

The Role of Place of Origin in Consumer Confidence

In our more and more globalised world, as a consequence of the cessation of commercial obstacles, the consumers are able to find more varied products coming from different countries, and this is exactly the case in the food market as well. Together with this, following the development of science, new technologies appear in food production. But not only the movement of products, but also the movement of information has got liberalised, and it is more and more difficult for costumers to know their ways around it. As a consequence of these, the consumers’ sense of insecurity and risk sensitivity increases concerning the food appearing on supply. The food scandals of the last period further diminished consumers’ trust, which is due partly to the media and other interest groups. In order to mitigate the risks of food purchase, consumers are searching for authentic information about products. A solution can be the use of trademarks and geographical goods labelling in the case of food.food security, geographical product labelling, social arena theory.

Is there a bank lending channel in Hungary? Evidence from bank panel data

In this paper we analyze the bank lending channel in Hungary. We provide a brief overview of the theory and the empirical approaches used to investigate the existence of bank lending channel. From the possible methods we use the generally applied approach suggested by Kahsyap and Stein (1995) which relies on discovering asymmetries in changes in the amount of loans to monetary actions in order to isolate supply and demand effects. We estimate an ARDL model where the asymmetric effects are captured by interaction-terms. We find significant asymmetric adjustment of loan quantities along certain bank characteristics. The existence of bank lending channel, and therefore loan supply decisions of banks, can explain these asymmetries. In addition, we do not find any sign for asymmetric loan demand adjustment along these variables. According to these findings, we cannot rule out the existence of the bank lending channel in Hungary.monetary transmission, credit channel, bank lending channel, ARDL model.

Car Industry developments – oil industry challenges

Automotive industry of Europe is one of the greatest economical powers, the „engine of Europe”. It employs directly 2.2 million people and 10 million in related industries and services. Combined turnover of automotive manufacturers reaches 700 billion EUR (retail another 520 billion EUR). The industry is the largest R&D investor in EU. On the other hand the transport sector carries a huge safety and environmental risk. Thanks to this fact the automotive industry is one of the most regulated sectors in the EU. As a result of these regulations: one average car built in 1970s produced as many pollutant elements as one hundred cars manufactured today. These achievements are based on struggles of both the auto and oil industry as parallel with technology development in car industry fuel quality developments achieved by the oil industry drove to a much “cleaner” fuel quality (unleaded sulphur free petrol, reduction of aromatics, benzene; sulphur free diesel, reduction of density, poly-aromatics, etc.). In the end of the 1990s, and especially for the last few years new challenges came into the focus of the auto and oil industry of the EU and the world. Concerns about high energy prices and price volatility, security of worldwide oil supply and climate change became a main policy agenda of the EU and the world. This new policy is reflected in new regulatory initiatives requiring cars using less energy more efficiently, emitting less carbondioxide and using growing proportion of renewable fuels. The European Commission declared the idea of “Cars for Fuels” instead of “Fuels for Cars”. This article discusses in detail the regulations and challenges that rose towards oil and car industry during the recent years. It describes the possible solutions in order to fulfil the requirements of the EU. After that a wide picture is presented without going into much detail on developments of the automotive industry. Developments are divided between vehicle level, engine level and fuel level technologies, also paying attention to technologies that are less known or rather futuristic

The effect of consumer ethnocentrism on the evaluation of food product attributes

Nowadays it is a typical food consumption trend, that beside the delectability of foods (taste, odour, colour, etc.) the convenience (ready-to-eat food; fast food, catering etc.), health (traceability, additive free foods, food components, etc.) and ethical attributes (preference of national, regional products, fair-trade, sustainable consumption, etc.) are highlighted, too. Foodstuffs' confidence and information search attributes came to the front instead of experience characteristics during consumers' food choosing decisions. In the local products, different trends are manifest. Consumer ethnocentrism strengthens the preference of home products, bccausc consumers suppose, that if one prefers national products to foreign ones, it supports the home country's economy and choosing foreign product can be harmful for the economy. According to previous researches, ethnocentrism influences the evaluation of home products in a positive way (Sharma, Shimp and Shin, 1995; Balabanis and Diamantopoulos, 2004). Ethnocentrism is a global phenomenon, but there are several attributes, which influence the degree of ethnocentrism: demographic factors, culture, lifestyle, economic development. The population of developed countries is more ethnocentric, than the population of less developed countries. The more import products threaten the economic situation of the country, the more the ethnocentrism influences product choice. (Sharma, Shimp and Shin, 1995; Balabanis and Diamantopoulos, 2004) According to the relevant surveys elder consumers are more ethnocentric, than younger, because they are more conservative keep habits and traditions and rejecting modem values (Javalagi, 2005; Witkowski, 1998; Malota, 2003). The aim of our present research is to determine the ethnocentrism's impact on product preferences and how the locality appears as a viewpoint on food product choices in case of young (18- 26 years) consumers. The survey was carried out in three countries. Two post-socialist countries, who accessed EU "newly': Hungary (Szent István University) and Poland (Warsaw University of Life Sciences) and one 'old EU member state': Germany (University of Hohenheim). Standardized questionnaire was used for the survey, data were analysed by SPSS 17.0 software

THE OPTICAL STUDY OF THE AGEING OF PAPER

Results of research, and remission tests, concerning ageing render it possible - to produce durable papers - to estimate, and account for, deterioration during use and storage of papers and printed matter to perform the tasks which arise in connection with the identification of paper-types, and in connection with expert opinion on the treatment papers and printed matter had been exposed to