Non-local spin Seebeck effect in the bulk easy-plane antiferromagnet NiO

We report the observation of magnon spin currents generated by the Spin Seebeck effect (SSE) in a bulk single crystal of the easy-plane antiferromagnet NiO. A magnetic field induces a non-degeneracy and thereby an imbalance in the population of magnon modes with opposite spin. A temperature gradient then gives rise to a non-zero magnon spin current. This SSE is measured both in a local and a non-local geometry at 5$\,$K in bulk NiO. The magnetic field dependence of the obtained signal is modelled by magnetic field splitting of the low energy magnon modes, affecting the spin Seebeck coefficient. The relevant magnon modes at this temperature are linked to cubic anisotropy and magnetic dipole-dipole interactions. The non-local signal deviates from the expected quadratic Joule heating by saturating at a current from around 75$\,\mu A$ in the injector. The magnon chemical potential does not decay exponentially with distance and inhomogeneities may be the result of local magnon accumulations

The Fibers and Range of Reduction Graphs in Ciliates

The biological process of gene assembly has been modeled based on three types of string rewriting rules, called string pointer rules, defined on so-called legal strings. It has been shown that reduction graphs, graphs that are based on the notion of breakpoint graph in the theory of sorting by reversal, for legal strings provide valuable insights into the gene assembly process. We characterize which legal strings obtain the same reduction graph (up to isomorphism), and moreover we characterize which graphs are (isomorphic to) reduction graphs.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figure

VE-cadherin and claudin-5: it takes two to tango

Endothelial barrier function requires the adhesive activity of VE-cadherin and claudin-5, which are key components of adherens and tight endothelial junctions, respectively. Emerging evidence suggests that VE-cadherin controls claudin-5 expression by preventing the nuclear accumulation of FoxO1 and -catenin, which repress the claudin-5 promoter. This indicates that a crosstalk mechanism operates between these junctional structures

XML navigation and transformation by tree-walking automata and transducers with visible and invisible pebbles

Algorithms and the Foundations of Software technolog

The application of the tracer method with peer observation and formative feedback for professional development in clinical practice:a scoping review

INTRODUCTION: The tracer method, commonly used for quality assessment, can also be used as a tool for peer observation and formative feedback on professional development. This scoping review describes how, by whom, and with what effect the tracer method is applied as a formative professional development instrument between healthcare professionals of equal status and aims to identify the types of scientific evidence for this use of the tracer method. METHODS: The authors searched four electronic databases for eligible articles, which were screened and assessed for eligibility by two independent researchers. From eligible studies, data were extracted to summarize, collate, and make a narrative account of the findings. RESULTS: The electronic search yielded 1757 unique studies, eight of which were included as valid and relevant to our aim: five qualitative, two mixed methods, and one quantitative study. Seven studies took place in hospitals and one in general practice. The tracer method was used mainly as a form of peer observation and formative feedback. Most studies evaluated the tracer method’s feasibility and its impact on professional development. All but one study reported positive effects: participants described the tracer method generally as being valuable and worth continuing. DISCUSSION: Although the body of evidence is small and largely limited to the hospital setting, using the tracer method for peer observation and formative feedback between healthcare professionals of equal status appears sufficiently useful to merit further rigorous evaluation and implementation in continuous professional development in healthcare. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40037-021-00693-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users