Morphology and biometry of the thymus in ostrich (Sthruthio camelus)

This work studied the anatomy of the thymus in 30 young ostriches (13 males and 17 females, 10 to 20 days old) that were fixed in an aqueous solution of 10% formaldehyde. Chains of thymic lobes, arranged linearly and parallel, were located in the third distal part of the ventral region of the neck from the eleventh to the fifteenth cervical vertebra, which relates to the vagus nerve and jugular vein. The number of lobes varied from 1 to 3 and 1 to 2 in the right and left antimeres, respectively. In the right antimere, the average dimensions of the lobes were 2.09 × 0.71 × 0.41 cm for the cranial lobe, 0.69 × 0.38 × 0.27 cm for the middle lobe and 55 × 0.33 × 0.29 cm for the caudal lobe. In the left antimere, the average dimensions were 2.14 × 0.71 × 0.37 cm for the cranial lobe and 0.60 × 0.31 × 0.22 cm for the caudal lobe. The morphology and thymus biometrics showed well-defined traits, having common attributes, such as holotopy, skelotopy, syntopy and idiotopy, which characterized the species of this study

Origin and distribution of the ischiatic nerve in mixed-breed sheep

O presente trabalho estudou, por meio de dissecações, a origem e distribuição do nervo isquiático em 30 fetos de ovinos (Ovis aries) sem raça definida, machos ou fêmeas, obtidos de abortos, natimortos e mortes naturais de fêmeas gestantes de núcleos criatórios na região do Triângulo Mineiro, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Injetou-se formaldeído a 10% por meio de canulação da aorta descendente torácica e, posteriormente, o material foi mantido submerso na referida solução por um período mínimo de 48 horas antes do início das dissecações. O nervo isquiático originou-se do ramo ventral do último nervo espinhal lombar, ora do sexto nervo espinhal lombar (L6), ora do sétimo (L7), quando presente, e dos ramos ventrais dos primeiro e segundo nervos espinhais sacrais (S1 e S2, respectivamente), podendo apresentar a contribuição do ramo ventral do terceiro nervo espinhal sacral (S3). O nervo isquiático cedeu ramos aos músculos: glúteo superficial, glúteo médio, glúteo acessório, glúteo profundo, gêmeo, quadrado femoral, adutor, bíceps femoral, semitendinoso e semimembranoso. Os ramos terminais do nervo isquiático foram os nervos tibial e fibular comum, tendo suas origens distalmente ao trocânter maior do fêmur. Estatisticamente, através da aplicação do teste de Wilcoxon (0,05), não houve diferenças significativas entre as frequências dos ramos musculares do nervo isquiático e os antímeros, independentemente do número de ramos musculares.Current research studied, by dissection, the origin and distribution of the ischiatic nerve in 30 fetuses of mixed-breed male or female sheep (Ovis aries), obtained from abortions, stillborns and natural deaths of pregnant females on farms in the Triângulo Mineiro region, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Formaldehyde 10% was injected through the cannulation of descending thoracic aorta and the material was kept immersed in the solution for at least 48 hours before dissection. The ischiatic nerve originated from the ventral branch of the last lumbar spinal nerve, either from the sixth lumbar spinal nerve (L6) or from the seventh (L7), when present, and from the ventral branches of first and second sacral spinalnerves (S1 and S2, respectively), and possibly from the ventral branch of third sacral spinal nerve (S3). The ischiatic nerve provided branches to the superficial gluteal, middle gluteal, accessory gluteal, deep gluteal, gemelli, quadratus femoris, adductor, biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles. The tibial and common peroneal nerves were the terminal branches of the ischiatic nerve, originating distally towards the greater trochanter of the femur bone. Wilcoxon’s test (0.05) showed that statistically there were no significant differences between the frequencies of the muscular branches of the ischiatic nerve and the antimeres, regardless of the number of muscular branches

Origin and distribution of the lumbosacral plexus nerves of the pelvis and thigh in ostrich (Struthio camelus)

The origin and distribution of the lumbosacral plexus (Struthio camelus) nerves were studied in 30 male and female ostriches, approximately 30 days old. Their arterial contingents were marked with stained Neoprene Latex ¨450¨ at 50% and fixed in 10% formaldehyde. The opening of the coelomic cavity was performed by means of dissections to identify the origins of the lumbar plexus nerves, it emerged from the second to the fifth, and from the sacral, from the fifth to the tenth, nerve-sacral nerve, in the cranial and mean regions of the sinsacro. The lumbar plexus emitted the nerves: cranial, femoral and obturatorial coxal, and the sacral plexus the sciatic nerve, the caudal coxal and branches that emerged straight from the plexus, branching into the iliotibial cranial and lateral muscles (pre-acetabular, acetabular and acetabular) ; Iliofibular, ambiens, cranial, middle and caudal iliotrocantérico; External, medial and internal femorotibial; Lateral and medial crural flexors; Caudiliofemoral, caudofemoral and iliofemoral parts (internal and external part); Ischiofemoral; Pubischiofemoral; Medial and lateral obturator, located in the region of the pelvis and thigh. For both plexuses there was the contribution of the furcal nerve, which arose from the fifth sinusal spinal nerve. However, anatomical data on the ostrich are rare and necessary because of the increased demand for consumption of the products and by-products of this animal. The identification of the origin of the lumbosacral plexus evidenced in the sinusal spinal nerves and its ramification in the muscles of the pelvis and thigh of the ostrich (Struthio camelus), there is a great contribution to the bibliographic anatomical collection on this animal.Tese (Doutorado)A origem, e a distribuição dos nervos do plexo lombossacral (Struthio camelus) foram estudadas em 30 exemplares de avestruzes, machos e fêmeas, com idade aproximada de 30 dias. Seus contingentes arteriais foram marcados com solução corada de Neoprene Látex ¨450¨ a 50% e fixadas em formaldeído a 10%. Executou-se a abertura da cavidade celomática por meio de dissecações para identificação das origens dos nervos do plexo lombar, emergiu do segundo ao quinto, e do sacral, do quinto ao décimo nervo sinsacral, nas regiões cranial e média do sinsacro. O plexo lombar emitiu os nervos: coxal cranial, femoral e obturatório e o plexo sacral o nervo isquiático, o coxal caudal e ramos que emergiram direto do plexo, que ramificam nos músculos iliotibiais cranial e lateral (parte pré acetabular, acetabular e pós acetabular); iliofibular, ambiens, iliotrocantérico cranial, médio e caudal; femorotibiais externo, médio e interno; flexores crurais lateral e medial; caudiliofemoral, parte caudofemoral e iliofemorais (parte interno e externo); isquiofemoral; pubisquiofemoral; obturatórios medial e lateral, localizados na região da pelve e coxa. Para ambos os plexos houve a contribuição do nervo furcal, que surgiu do quinto nervo espinhal sinsacral. Contudo, dados anatômicos sobre o avestruz são raros e necessários devido ao aumento da demanda de consumo dos produtos e subprodutos deste animal. A identificação da origem do plexo lombossacral evidenciados nos nervos espinhais sinsacrais e sua ramificação nos músculos da pelve e coxa do avestruz (Struthio camelus), há uma grande contribuição para o acervo anatômico bibliográfico sobre este animal

Arteries of the thyroid gland in ostrich (Struthio camelus)

We studied the arteries leading to the thyroid glands, addressing their number, origin and organization in 30 ostriches (Struthio camelus) with up to 30 days of age in both sexes. The birds were injected with Neoprene latex 450 colored and fixed in aqueous 10% formaldehyde. The thyroid glands were presented as an organ pair, pale reddish brown, oval-shaped ends, some being elongated in the craniocaudal direction and flattened dorsoventrally. Located on the edge of the cranial cavity celomatic, manteined syntopy with the vagus nerve, jugular vein and common carotid artery. The thyroid glands were collateral arteries: common carotid, ascending esophageal, tracheal ascending, subclavian, and common esophageal tracheal vagus nerve. The number of vessels ranged from one to five, and were called thyroid, cranial artery, middle cranial, middle, middle caudal and caudal at both antimeres. The vessels were present in the side right in 28 (93,3%) cases as cranial thyroid, nine (30%) as middle cranial, 12 (40%) as middle, nine (30%) as middle caudal and 28 (93,3%) as caudal. And on the left side in 27 (90%) cases as cranial thyroid, six as middle cranial, 12 (40%) as middle, six (20%) as middle caudal and 27 (90%) as caudal. The thyroid artery was observed in two (6,6%) cases in side right and three (10%) on the left side.Mestre em Ciências VeterináriasEstudou-se as artérias destinadas às glândulas tireóides, abordando seu número, origem e ordenação em 30 avestruzes (Struthio camelus), com até 30 dias de idade, de ambos os sexos. Injetou-se na artéria isquiática direita das aves Neoprene látex 450 corados e foram fixadas em solução aquosa de formol a 10%. As glândulas encontravam-se na extremidade cranial da cavidade celomática, mantiveram sintopia com o nervo vago, veia jugular e artéria carótida comum. Receberam colaterais das artérias: carótida comum, esofágica ascendente, traqueal ascendente, subclávia, esofagotraqueobronquial e comum do nervo vago. O número de vasos variou de um a cinco e foram denominadas artérias tireóideas, tireóidea cranial, média cranial, média, média caudal e caudal para ambos os antímeros. Os vasos estiveram presentes no antímero direito, em 28 (93,3%) casos nomeados tireóideas cranial, nove (30%) como média cranial, 12 (40%) como média, nove (30%) como média caudal e 28 (93,3%) como caudal, e no esquerdo em 27 (90%) com o nome de tireóideas cranial, seis (20%) como média cranial, 12 (40%) como média, seis (20%) como média caudal e 27 (90%) casos como caudal. A artéria tireóidea foi observada em dois (6,6%) casos no antímero direito e em três ( 10%) no antímero esquerdo

Morphology and biometry of the thymus in ostrich (Sthruthio camelus)

This work studied the anatomy of the thymus in 30 young ostriches (13 males and 17 females, 10 to 20 days old) that were fixed in an aqueous solution of 10% formaldehyde. Chains of thymic lobes, arranged linearly and parallel, were located in the third distal part of the ventral region of the neck from the eleventh to the fifteenth cervical vertebra, which relates to the vagus nerve and jugular vein. The number of lobes varied from 1 to 3 and 1 to 2 in the right and left antimeres, respectively. In the right antimere, the average dimensions of the lobes were 2.09 × 0.71 × 0.41 cm for the cranial lobe, 0.69 × 0.38 × 0.27 cm for the middle lobe and 55 × 0.33 × 0.29 cm for the caudal lobe. In the left antimere, the average dimensions were 2.14 × 0.71 × 0.37 cm for the cranial lobe and 0.60 × 0.31 × 0.22 cm for the caudal lobe. The morphology and thymus biometrics showed well-defined traits, having common attributes, such as holotopy, skelotopy, syntopy and idiotopy, which characterized the species of this study

Arteries of the adrenal glands in ostriches (Struthio camelus)

The growth of rational ostrich breeding and their byproducts has attracted interest from researchers to increase the studies in this animal. Thus, basic research areas, such as morphology, become necessary to provide the applied areas with knowledge. Aiming to contribute to the knowledge on the vascular arrangements of the adrenal glands, 30 ostriches (Struthio camelus) were used, four days old, who had their arterial components marked with a 50% stained aqueous solution of Neoprene Latex ¨ 450 ¨ and fixed in a 10% diluted solution of formaldehyde. The coelomic cavity was exposed for identifying these glands, which are paired organs that are covered by loose connective tissue, symmetrically arranged in the two antimeres, laterally to the descending aorta, caudally to the lungs, and cranio-medially to the cranial lobes of the kidneys. The arterial blood supply, in both antimeres, is derived from the right and left adrenal arteries, the right and left cranial renal artery branches, and the right branches of the descending aorta. Regardless of the origin, the number of branches going to the adrenal glands ranged from one to two and one to three respectively, in the left and right antimeres

Artérias das glândulas adrenais em avestruzes (Struthio camelus)

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2012v25n1p125O crescimento da criação racional de avestruz e seus subprodutos têm despertado interesse dos pesquisadores em ampliar os estudos com esse animal. Assim, áreas de pesquisa básicas, como a morfologia, tornam-se necessárias para dar subsídios às áreas aplicadas. Com o intuito de contribuir com o conhecimento referente aos arranjos vasculares das glândulas adrenais, utilizaram-se 30 avestruzes (Struthio camelus), de quatro dias de vida, tendo seus contingentes arteriais marcados com solução aquosa corada de Neoprene Látex “450” a 50% e fixados em solução diluída de formol a 10%. A cavidade celomática foi exposta para a identificação das referidas glândulas, que são órgãos pares e encontram-se recobertas por tecido conjuntivo frouxo, disposto simetricamente nos dois antímeros, lateralmente à aorta descendente, caudalmente aos pulmões e cranio-medialmente aos lobos craniais dos rins. O aporte sanguíneo arterial, em ambos os antímeros, é proveniente das artérias adrenais direita e esquerda, dos ramos das artérias renais craniais direita e esquerda e dos ramos diretos da aorta descendente. Independentemente da origem, os números de ramos destinados às glândulas adrenais variaram de um a dois e de um a três respectivamente para os antímeros esquerdo e direito

Origem e distribuição do nervo toracodorsal em fetos de suínos da linhagem Pen Ar Lan

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2012v25n1p111Considerando a importância dos nervos que compõem o plexo braquial, objetivou-se estudar a origem e distribuição do nervo toracodorsal. Dessa forma, foram utilizados 30 fetos de suínos da linhagem Pen Ar Lan obtidos de abortos naturais em criatórios da região do Triângulo Mineiro. As peças foram preparadas por meio de injeções de soluções de Neoprene Látex “450” a 50% e de formaldeído a 10%, na artéria aorta descendente, e imersão nessa mesma solução por um período mínimo de 48 horas. As dissecações foram realizadas bilateralmente até atingir o plexo braquial, que surgiu dos ramos espinhais ventrais do sexto (C6), sétimo (C7) e oitavo (C8) nervos cervicais e do primeiro torácico (T1). Constatou-se que o nervo toracodorsal foi formado a partir de C8 em dois antímeros (3,33%); de T1 em 17 antímeros (28,33%); e de C8 e T1 em 41 antímeros (68,33) e que houve simetria quanto à sua origem em 23 animais (76,66%). Verificou-se, também, que o nervo toracodorsal enviou ramos em 100% dos casos para o músculo grande dorsal e em 36,66% para o redondo maior

Origin and distribution of the thoracodorsal nerve in pig fetuses of the lineage Pen Ar Lan

Considering the importance of the nerves that make up the brachial plexus, the aim was to study the origin and distribution of the thoracodorsal nerve. Thus, 30 pig fetuses from the lineage Pen Ar Lan obtained from natural abortions in breedings of the Triangulo Mineiro region were used. The specimens were prepared through the injection of 50% Neoprene Latex “450” and 10% formaldehyde solutions in the descending aorta artery, and immersion in the same solution for least 48 hours. The dissections were carried out bilaterally until reaching the brachial plexus, that emerged from the spinal ventral branches of the sixth (C6), seventh (C7) and eighth (C8) cervical nerves and from the first thoracic (T1). It was found that the thoracodorsal nerve was formed from C8 in two antimeres (3.33%); fromT1 in 17 antimeres (28.33%); and from C8 and T1 in 41 antimeres (68.33) and that there was symmetry with regard to its origin in 23 animals (76.66%). It was also found that the thoracodorsal nerve sent branches in 100% of cases for the latissimus dorsi muscle, and 36.66% for the teres major

Origin and distribution of the ischiatic nerve in mixed-breed sheep

Current research studied, by dissection, the origin and distribution of the ischiatic nerve in 30 fetuses of mixed-breed male or female sheep (Ovis aries), obtained from abortions, stillborns and natural deaths of pregnant females on farms in the Triângulo Mineiro region, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Formaldehyde 10% was injected through the cannulation of descending thoracic aorta and the material was kept immersed in the solution for at least 48 hours before dissection. The ischiatic nerve originated from the ventral branch of the last lumbar spinal nerve, either from the sixth lumbar spinal nerve (L6) or from the seventh (L7), when present, and from the ventral branches of first and second sacral spinal nerves (S1 and S2, respectively), and possibly from the ventral branch of third sacral spinal nerve (S3). The ischiatic nerve provided branches to the superficial gluteal, middle gluteal, accessory gluteal, deep gluteal, gemelli, quadratus femoris, adductor, biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles. The tibial and common peroneal nerves were the terminal branches of the ischiatic nerve, originating distally towards the greater trochanter of the femur bone. Wilcoxon’s test (0.05) showed that statistically there were no significant differences between the frequencies of the muscular branches of the ischiatic nerve and the antimeres, regardless of the number of muscular branches