catena-Poly[[aqua­(1,10-phenanthroline)cadmium(II)]-μ-benzene-1,4-di­carboxyl­ato]

The title compound, [Cd(C8H4O4)(C12H8N2)(H2O)]n, is a new coordination polymer of benzene-1,4-dicarboxyl­ate with cadmium(II) and 1,10-phenanthroline. The CdII ion is coordinated by two N atoms from the 1,10-phenanthroline mol­ecule, three O atoms from two crystallographically independent benzene-1,4-dicarboxyl­ate ligands and the O atom of a coordinated water mol­ecule, forming a heavily distorted octa­hedron. The 1,10-phenanthroline ligand is approximately planar within 0.073 (4) Å. The two different benzene-1,4-dicarboxyl­ate ligands each coordinate to two CdII ions in bidentate and monodentate modes, forming an infinite zigzag chain. Adjacent chains are packed tightly by strong π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.851 (2) and 3.859 (2) Å] between the aromatic rings of the benzene-1,4-dicarboxyl­ate ligand and the 1,10-phenanthroline of a neighboring chain, forming a sheet parallel to (011). Different sheets are linked together via O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the coordinated water mol­ecules and the O atoms of the carboxyl­ate groups, forming a three-dimensional network

Checklist and key to species of the leafhopper genus Japanagallia Ishihara, 1955 with description of a new species from China (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae, Megophthalminae)

A new leafhopper species, Japanagallia turriformis sp. n. of the tribe Agalliini of the subfamily Megophthalminae is described and illustrated from Yunnan Province  and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. Achecklist and key to the species of the genus are given, along with a map showing the geographical distributions of the 22 Chinese species

Detect Related Bugs from Source Code Using Bug Information

Open source projects often maintain open bug repositories during development and maintenance, and the reporters often point out straightly or implicitly the reasons why bugs occur when they submit them. The comments about a bug are very valuable for developers to locate and fix the bug. Meanwhile, it is very common in large software for programmers to override or overload some methods according to the same logic. If one method causes a bug, it is obvious that other overridden or overloaded methods maybe cause related or similar bugs. In this paper, we propose and implement a tool Rebug- Detector, which detects related bugs using bug information and code features. Firstly, it extracts bug features from bug information in bug repositories; secondly, it locates bug methods from source code, and then extracts code features of bug methods; thirdly, it calculates similarities between each overridden or overloaded method and bug methods; lastly, it determines which method maybe causes potential related or similar bugs. We evaluate Rebug-Detector on an open source project: Apache Lucene-Java. Our tool totally detects 61 related bugs, including 21 real bugs and 10 suspected bugs, and it costs us about 15.5 minutes. The results show that bug features and code features extracted by our tool are useful to find real bugs in existing projects.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables conference; 2010 IEEE 34th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conferenc

Radial Basis Function Neural Network Based on an Improved Exponential Decreasing Inertia Weight-Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for AQI Prediction

This paper proposed a novel radial basis function (RBF) neural network model optimized by exponential decreasing inertia weight particle swarm optimization (EDIW-PSO). Based on the inertia weight decreasing strategy, we propose a new Exponential Decreasing Inertia Weight (EDIW) to improve the PSO algorithm. We use the modified EDIW-PSO algorithm to determine the centers, widths, and connection weights of RBF neural network. To assess the performance of the proposed EDIW-PSO-RBF model, we choose the daily air quality index (AQI) of Xi’an for prediction and obtain improved results

Cultivation modes impacting root microbiomes and metabolites in medicinal orchid Dendrobium denneanum

IntroductionThe plant microbiome is the second genome of plants and is important for plant growth and health. Dendrobium is an epiphytic herbal plant of the family Orchidaceae that is often found attached to tree trunks or rocks and exhibits different cultivation modes. Microbiological and metabolite studies of Dendrobium denneanum Kerr (D. denneanum) in different cultivation modes can reveal important relationships between Dendrobium spp., their microbiomes, and their pharmacological substances, which is important for sustainable agricultural development and human health, particularly in the study of medicinal plants.MethodsIn this study, three cultivation modes, living tree epiphytic (LT), stone epiphytic (SE), and pot cultivation (PO) of D. denneanum in the same environment were selected, and the metabolites were using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Subsequently, differential metabolites were screened, the rhizosphere and root endosphere microorganisms were sequenced via high-throughput sequencing, and the 16S rRNA gene/ITS sequences were obtained.ResultsThe main microbial taxa in the rhizosphere and root endosphere of D. denneanum included bacteria belonging to Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Actinobacteria, and the fungi Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, whose abundances varied in different cultivation modes. Soil properties affect the composition of D. denneanum metabolites and root microbiome, among which, soil total phosphorus (TP) and pH in particular are important factors for soil microorganisms. Studies of root microbial communities have shown that root endosphere fungi are similar to rhizosphere fungi with microbial enrichment occurring from the external environment to the internal structures. Root microbial communities and metabolites correlation analyses revealed significant correlations between rhizosphere microbes, as well as endophytes and metabolites. For example, the rhizosphere bacterium genus Occallatibacter and root endosphere fungus Clonostachys showed a significant negative correlation with the pharmacodynamic substance gigantol in D. denneanum (P<0.05).ConclusionThis study elucidates the effects of different cultivation modes on D. denneanum from the perspective of microorganisms and metabolites, and investigates the effects of root microorganisms on metabolites. The findings enhance the current understanding of root microorganisms in orchid plants and provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of Dendrobium spp., represented here by D. denneanum

Integrated physicochemical, hormonal, and transcriptomic analysis reveals the underlying mechanism of callus formation in Pinellia ternata hydroponic cuttings

IntroductionP. ternata is a perennial herb of the family Araceae that grows in China and has various medicinal properties and applications. At present, the artificial cultivation of P. ternata is constrained by seedling propagation. To address the problems of low seedling breeding propagation efficiency and high cost, our group has developed a highly efficient cultivation technology for "hydroponic cuttings of P. ternata "for the first time. P. ternata is used as the source material and is grown in a hydroponic system, increasing the seedling production rate 10-fold compared with the traditional cultivation mode. However, the callus formation mechanism in cuttings from hydroponic cultivation is still remains unclear.MethodsIn order to better understand the biological process of callus formation in cuttings from hydroponic P. ternata, anatomical characterization, endogenous hormone content determination and transcriptome sequencing were performed on five callus stages from early growth to early senescence.ResultsRegarding the four major hormones during the callus developmental stages of P. ternata hydroponic cuttings, cytokinins showed an increasing trend during callus formation. IAA(indole-3-acetic acid) and abscisic acid contents increased at 8d and then decreased, while jasmonic acid content gradually decreased. A total of 254137 unigenes were identified by transcriptome sequencing in five callus formation stages. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that differentially expressed unigenes were involved in various plant hormone signaling and hormone synthesis-related pathways. The expression patterns of 7 genes were validated using quantitative real-time PCR.DiscussionThis study presented integrated transcriptomic and metabolic analysis approach to obtain insights into the underlying biosynthetic mechanisms and function of key hormones involved in the callus formation process from hydroponic P. ternata cuttings

We are 60!

Here we are midway in our 60th Anniversary year. Since I last wrote, quite a few things have happened with the journal and AIP Publishing. First, of course, AIP Publishing have signed up to the Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA), aligning well with the mantra which has always been a core principle in Applied Physics Letters (APL)—the quality and clarity of the manuscript, the contribution it makes to the field, and the potential it offers for new applied physics opportunities are key for us—not the immediacy of its impact or trend following. Having said all that, I am proud that the impact factor of the journal continues to increase and that communities of applied physics researchers are discovering or returning to the journal

Analysis Of Partially Electroded Piezoelectric Actuators With Nonuniform Thickness For The Purpose Of Reducing Actuating Shear Stress Concentration By Ansys

An elastic plate with thin piezoelectric films bonded on its two major surfaces is a typical smart structure which is used in actuation and sensing. The useful deformation of the smart structure is caused by the shear stress transferring from the actuators to the elastic plate. This shear stress is concentrated at two ends of the interface between the actuator and the plate. This concentration may induce undesirable delamination of the actuator from the plate. It was theoretically proved that actuators with partially covered electrodes have a much less concentrated actuating shear stress than that with fully ones. An actuator with nonuniform thickness was also found that may reduce the concentration of shear stress. The previous theoretical results were based on two simplified models. However, it is very difficult to get an analytical solution when the actuator owns the two characteristics at the same time, i.e. not only with partially covered electrodes, but also with an in-plane varied thickness. In this paper, we turn to use ANSYS to obtain useful numerical results from cases which are nearly impossible to be solved analytically. We study the effect of the electroded area of the actuator on reducing the concentrated shear stress. Moreover, we investigate the shear stress distribution under different variation of the actuator thickness. An optimal thickness profile is obtained. This work is considered as a frontier of smart structure