How Holocaust Memories Continue to Divide the Serbs and the Croats

In Holocaust and genocide education, we frequently and rightly stress remembrance in order to honor the victims of the past as well as to safeguard our future from repeated transgressions. However, there are parts of the world where remembering or “misremembering” atrocities accentuates the fracturing of communities. In the Balkans, the festering wounds that have been inflicted throughout history never seem to truly heal, as the past, both real and fictionalized, drives contemporary and competing realities. This is noticeably evident with the modern-day rifts separating ethnic Croats and ethnic Serbs, which despite recent political inroads and relative stability, persist in being purveyors of mutual animosity

How Ethnic and Religious Nationalism Threaten the Bosnian State

When the wars ceased in the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s, as in the aftermath of other past conflicts in the Balkans, ethnic and religious divisions prevailed. Bosnia Herzegovina is perhaps the most vulnerable of the newly independent states of the former Yugoslavia, partially due to the manner it was established. Ethnic cleansing and discord have marred Bosnia while the three principal ethnoreligious entities continue to struggle to maintain their distinct identity within the context of a convoluted political system wrestling against domestic and international intrigue. Ethnoreligious nationalism threatens to further rupture the Bosnian state and create a renewed state of violence that ultimately endangers this nation’s future

El impacto táctico de la intervención de EE. UU. en la guerra de El Salvador.

Sin duda, la guerra civil que tuvo lugar en la república centroamericana de El Salvador, entre 1980-1992, fue un evento decisivo para la historia de esta , pues sus secuelas siguen afectando profundamente a su sociedad hasta nuestras fechas. Una vez que Ronald Reagan tomó posesión de la presidencia de los Estados Unidos en 1981, El Salvador se convirtió en el centro de atención del país norteamericano, asignándole recursos significativos a fin de preservar los intereses regionales y geopolíticos en el contexto de la Guerra Fría. En última instancia, las intervenciones externas lograron alterar el curso del conflicto, y tal vez el futuro de El Salvador. El presente trabajo busca identificar la influencia que tuvo la participación de los EE. UU. en la dinámica de la Guerra en El Salvador, en el ámbito militar, junto con la determinación de la eficacia general de los métodos aplicados, durante el periodo mencionado.Without a doubt, the civil war that transpired in the Central American Republic of El Salvador between 1980-1992 was a transcendent event for the history of this nation and this sequence of events continues to profoundly affect that society to this day. Once Ronald Reagan took possession of the presidency of the United States in 1981, El Salvador garnered considerable attention from the United States and received significant resources in order to preserve the regional and geopolitical interests in the context of the Cold War. Ultimately, external interventions altered the course of the conflict and perhaps the future of El Salvador. The present analysis seeks to indentify the influence of the U.S. participation in the dynamic of the war in El Salvador from a military and tactical perspective along with the general efficiency of the applied methods utilized during the aforementioned period

Twistable electronics with dynamically rotatable heterostructures

The electronic properties of two-dimensional materials and their heterostructures can be dramatically altered by varying the relative angle between the layers. This makes it theoretically possible to realize a new class of twistable electronics in which device properties can be manipulated on-demand by simply rotating the structure. Here, we demonstrate a new device architecture in which a layered heterostructure can be dynamically twisted, in situ. We study graphene encapsulated by boron nitride where at small rotation angles the device characteristics are dominated by coupling to a large wavelength Moir\'e superlattice. The ability to investigate arbitrary rotation angle in a single device reveals new features in the optical, mechanical and electronic response in this system. Our results establish the capability to fabricate twistable electronic devices with dynamically tunable properties