211 research outputs found
Post-Second World War Hungarian Criminal Justice and International Law: The Legacy of the People‟s Tribunals
A bevásárlóközpontok hatása Kelet-közép Európa városainak társadalmi térszerkezetére = The effect of shopping centre on social and economical structure of Estern-Central Europe cities
A tanulásra kĂ©nyszerĂtĹ‘ környezetben gondoltuk azt, hogy elĂ©rkezett annak az ideje, hogy a kiskereskedelemben a legforradalmibb fejlĹ‘dĂ©st jelentĹ‘ bevásárlĂłközpontok helyĂ©rĹ‘l, feladatairĂłl, szerepĂ©rĹ‘l s várhatĂł fejlĹ‘dĂ©si irányairĂłl eddig megismerteket, kutatási eredmĂ©nyeket összegezzĂĽk, s fĹ‘kĂ©nt tekintsĂĽnk ki, a közvetlen szomszĂ©d országokra, sĹ‘t azokra is, amelyekkel Ă©vszázadokon keresztĂĽl egy hatalmi zĂłnának (Osztrák-Magyar–Monarchia) voltunk tagjai. A fogyasztĂłk Ăşj katedrálisai – már csak mĂ©retĂĽknĂ©l fogva is – mĂ©g nagyobb hatással vannak a városi tĂ©rszerkezetre, mint a korábban fejlĹ‘dĂ©snek indult áruházak. EurĂłpában ez a folyamat – bevásárlĂłközpontok kialakulása – mintegy 30 Ă©v kĂ©sĂ©ssel indult meg. Napjainkra azonban a bevásárlĂłközpontok már nemcsak a hagyományos kereskedelmi zĂłnák tĂ©rszerkezetĂ©re vannak hatással, de sok esetben az áruházak fennmaradást is veszĂ©lyeztetik. Ahhoz, hogy a bevásárlĂłközpontok mellett a hagyományos kisĂĽzletek Ă©s áruházak fennmaradjanak, azoknak Ăşj ĂĽzleti profilt kell kialakĂtaniuk. Meg kell találniuk azt a piaci rĂ©st, amelyben mĂ©g versenykĂ©pesek maradnak a nagyok árnyĂ©kában. A kialakulĂł kereskedelmi konglomerátumok nemcsak az ĂĽzlethálĂłzat szerkezetĂ©re, de a folyamatosan fejlĹ‘dĹ‘, változĂł várostĂ©r-szerkezetre is hatással vannak (Sikos T. T. - Hoffmann I.-nĂ©, 2004). A fenti jelensĂ©gek vizsgálatával foglalkoztunk kutatásunk keretĂ©ben Kelet-közĂ©p EurĂłpa nagy városaira (Budapest, BĂ©cs, Prága, Pozsony). | Today’s learning-oriented environment made us think that time had come to summarize the already existing research results about the location, role and possible ways of development for shopping malls – the most revolutionary retail units. We reviewed the findings of the different research activities, and also surveyed the situation in the neighboring countries as well as in those ones that we used to belong to the same power zone with (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) for centuries. The new cathedrals of consumption – even for their sizes – have a greater effect on the spatial structure of cities than the previously very popular department stores did. This development process of shopping malls arrived to Europe with a 30-year delay. However, today shopping malls do not only affect the spatial structure of cities but they also endanger the existence of traditional department stores. To be able to survive, small shops and department stores have to formulate a new business profile. They have to find the market niche where they can remain competitive in the shadow of the large malls. The newly formed conglomerates affect not only the structure of retail network but the ever-changing and developing spatial structure of cities too (Sikos T. T. – Hoffmann I-nĂ©, 2004). In our research we examine the above mentioned processes in bigger cities in East-Central Europe (Budapest, Vienna, Prague, Bratislava)
TĂşl a szĂ©lmalomharcon? A Nemzetközi BĂĽntetĹ‘bĂrĂłság Ă©s az orosz–ukrán konfliktus – ElĹ‘szĂł a „A Nemzetközi BĂĽntetĹ‘bĂrĂłság 20 Ă©ve” cĂmű tematikus számhoz
Illegal Legality and the Façade of Good Faith – Migration and Law in Populist Hungary
Hungarian migration regulation has undergone a radical transformation since 2015, resulting in a system that essentially deprives asylum seekers of any international protection. This was a strategic move by the government to portray itself as the defender of Hungary and even Europe of the menace of uncontrolled migration. This article critically analyzes this transformation by first giving a comprehensive account of the major legislative changes and showing how they were framed to boost the populist political propaganda of the government. Then it argues that even though such populist legalism is in clear contravention of Hungary’s international legal obligations and thus constitute bad faith action, the European Union is still powerless to effectively oppose these measures since its own asylum policies are aimed at maintaining “Fortress Europe”, i.e. restricting irregular migration as much as possible through legal and informal measures. In conclusion, the only real antidote to populist legalism would be acting in good faith
Nemzetközi humanitárius jog
A fejezet a nemzetközi humanitárius jog kialakulását és institúcióit mutatja be
’An Eternal Promise? – Three Sketches on the Universality of International Humanitarian Law
The paper examines to what extent international humanitarian law deserves its lofty label. It focuses on three problematic aspects: historic exclusion based on racism, the separation between international and non-international armed conflicts and the extension of international humanitarian law to situations that should fall within the scope of human rights law
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