Methods applied to investigage the major UVCE that occured in the TOTAL refiner's Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit at La Mède, France

International audienceOn monday November 9, 1992 at 5:20 a.m. a major U. V.C.E, occured in the Gas Plant of the TOTAL refinery's Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit at La Mede, France. The origin was a 25 cm2 break in the 8" by-pass of the absorber stripper column cooler; an amount of about 15 tons of LPG and light naphtha was released within 10 minutes, covering an area of 14000m2 including Gas Plant, cryogenic, propene and Merox units before being ignited on the FCC main furnace

From MDGs to SDGs: implications for maternal newborn health in Africa

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Pengaruh Pellet Calf Starter dengan Tambahan Limbah Kubis Difermentasi terhadap Jumlah Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Kondisi Feses Pedet Friesian Holstein

Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk menguji kualitas Pellet Calf Starter yang diperkaya Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Limbah Kubis Fermentasi secara biologis dengan melihat dari jumlah bakteri Escherichia coli dan kondisi feses pedet Friesian Holstein. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari – Agustus 2016 di Laboratorium Teknologi Pakan Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian Universitas Diponegoro, Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Biologi Universitas Jendral Soedirman dan Balai Besar Pembibitan Ternak Unggul dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BBPTU HPT) Baturraden. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah jagung giling, bekatul, bungkil kedelai, molasses, mieral mix, limbah kubis fermentasi terdiri dari limbah kubis, gula dan garam, air, alkohol 95% dan medium EMBA. Metode penelitian dibagi menjadi 3 tahapan yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap pembuatan pellet dan tahap pelaksanaan. Tahap persiapan meliputi penyiapan alat dan bahan. Tahap pembuatan pellet meliputi pembuatan limbah kubis fermentasi dan pembuatan pelet calf starter. Tahap pelaksanaan yaitu pemeliharaan pedet dan pengambilan sampel berupa feses pedet. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan (T1 : 100% calf starter + 2% limbah kubis difermentasi, T2 : 100% calf starter + 4% limbah kubis fermentasi, T3 : 100% calf starter + 6% limbah kubis fermentasi +) dan 4 ulangan. Data bakteri Escherichia coli diolah menggunakan analisis deskriptif sedangkan warna dan konsistensi feses diolah menggunakan analisis ragam dilanjutkan uji Duncan’s multiple range test. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa jumlah bakteri Escherichia coli pada feses pedet perlakuan T1,T2 dan T3 masing-masing adalah 5,9 x 106 cfu/g; 2,6 x 106 cfu/g dan 6,3 x 106 cfu/g. Jumlah bakteri terendah terdapat pada penambahan limbah kubis fermentasi taraf 2% dan populasi tertinggi pada taraf 6%. Penambahan limbah kubis difermentasi berpengaruh signifikan (P<0,01) terhadap perbaikan kondisi feses. Kondisi feses dilihat dari warna dan konsistensinya semakin membaik seiring dengan semakin meningkatnya penambahan limbah kubis difermentasi pada pellet dari taraf penambahan 2%, 4% sampai 6%. Simpulan yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah kondisi feses dilihat dari warna dan konsistensinya semakin membaik seiring dengan semakin meningkatnya taraf penambahan limbah kubis difermentasi pada pellet calf starter, tetapi tidak menurunan Bakteri E. coli pada feses pedet

Phosphate Groups in the Lipid A Moiety Determine the Effects of LPS on Hepatic Stellate Cells:A Role for LPS-Dephosphorylating Activity in Liver Fibrosis

Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity is highly upregulated in plasma during liver diseases. Previously, we demonstrated that AP is able to detoxify lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by dephosphorylating its lipid A moiety. Because a role of gut-derived LPS in liver fibrogenesis has become evident, we now examined the relevance of phosphate groups in the lipid A moiety in this process. The effects of mono-phosphoryl and di-phosphoryl lipid A (MPLA and DPLA, respectively) were studied in vitro and LPS-dephosphorylating activity was studied in normal and fibrotic mouse and human livers. The effects of intestinal AP were studied in mice with CCL4-induced liver fibrosis. DPLA strongly stimulated fibrogenic and inflammatory activities in primary rat hepatic stellate cells (rHSCs) and RAW264.7 macrophages with similar potency as full length LPS. However, MPLA did not affect any of the parameters. LPS-dephosphorylating activity was found in mouse and human livers and was strongly increased during fibrogenesis. Treatment of fibrotic mice with intravenous intestinal-AP significantly attenuated intrahepatic desmin+- and αSMA+ -HSC and CD68+- macrophage accumulation. In conclusion, the lack of biological activity of MPLA, contrasting with the profound activities of DPLA, shows the relevance of LPS-dephosphorylating activity. The upregulation of LPS-dephosphorylating activity in fibrotic livers and the protective effects of exogenous AP during fibrogenesis indicate an important physiological role of intestinal-derived AP during liver fibrosis