Youth Justice Resettlement Consortia: A process evaluation

Between 2014 and 2017 the Youth Justice Board (YJB) funded four resettlement consortia as part of the government’s Transforming Youth Custody Programme. These were in the East Midlands, South and West Yorkshire, North East London, and South London. The aim of the resettlement consortia was to pilot an enhanced service to children and young people leaving custody, and in doing so to improve their life chances and reduce reoffending. The YJB commissioned Carney Green to carry out this process evaluation to assess how the consortia had implemented their enhanced services and help inform future resettlement approaches

Antiparkinsonian efficacy of a novel transdermal delivery system for (+)-PHNO in MPTP-treated squirrel monkeys.

We examined the ability of the antiparkinsonian agent (+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine (PHNO) to enter the systemic circulation in therapeutic concentrations after continuous transdermal absorption in squirrel monkeys rendered parkinsonian by MPTP. Direct subcutaneous administration of (+)-PHNO in the dose range of 2.5 to 20 micrograms/kg restored locomotor activity to levels seen in normal monkeys for approximately 1 hour. Application of transdermal patches capable of delivering, into an infinite sink, an estimated 2.6 micrograms/cm2/h of (+)-PHNO over a skin surface area of 4.78 to 19.12 cm2 also restored locomotor activity to the normal range during a 24-hour period. We suggest the use of transdermal application of PHNO as a novel drug delivery system for the improved management of Parkinson's disease

Enalapril maleate and a lysine analogue (MK-521): disposition in man.

1 The disposition of two angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor drugs was studied in normal volunteers. One drug was enalapril maleate (MK-421), which requires in vivo esterolysis to yield active inhibitor (MK-422). The other was a lysine analogue of MK-422 (MK-521), which requires no bioactivation. 2 Absorption of enalapril maleate (10 mg, p.o.) was rapid, with peak serum concentrations of enalapril observed 0.5-1.5 h after administration. Based upon urinary recovery of total drug (enalapril plus MK-422), absorption was at least 61%. Bioactivation appeared to be largely post-absorptive. From the ratio of MK-422 to total drug in urine, the minimum extent of bioactivation was estimated at 0.7. 3 A similar dose of MK-521 was absorbed more slowly, reaching peak serum concentrations 6-8 h following drug administration. Minimum absorption, based upon urinary recovery, was 29%. 4 Serum concentration v time profiles for both drugs were polyphasic and exhibited prolonged terminal phases. 5 Recovery in urine and faeces of administered enalapril maleate (intact and as MK-422) was 94%. Recovery of MK-521 was 97%. These results indicate lack of significant metabolism of these agents, apart from the bioactivation of enalapril