17 research outputs found

    BildungsfachkrÀfte in der LehrkrÀftebildung. Wirkungen der Lehre von Menschen mit Behinderungserfahrungen auf die Einstellungen von Lehramtsstudierenden

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    BildungsfachkrĂ€fte mit Behinderungserfahrungen lehren nach einer dreijĂ€hrigen Vollzeitqualifizierung mit vorheriger TĂ€tigkeit an einer Werkstatt fĂŒr behinderte Menschen an lehrerbildenden Hochschulen. Die Bildungsangebote zielen auf die Erweiterung inklusionsbezogener Kompetenzen, indem die BildungsfachkrĂ€fte von eigenen Inklusions- und Exklusionserfahrungen berichten und sich darĂŒber mit den Studierenden austauschen. In einer quasi-experimentellen PrĂ€-Post-Studie wurden die Wirkungen der Bildungsangebote auf die Sichtweisen und Einstellungen der Lehramtsstudierenden (N= 120) untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass sich implizite Einstellungen zu Inklusion nach Besuch eines Bildungsangebots (n= 53) positiver entwickeln als in der Vergleichsgruppe (n= 67). Die Bildungsangebote können damit einen Beitrag zur Haltungsentwicklung kĂŒnftiger LehrkrĂ€fte leisten. (DIPF/Orig.)Individuals with intellectual disabilities are teaching in universities after having qualified as ‘educational specialists’ in a three-year training.. Their lessons aim at the qualification of future teachers for inclusive education by reporting and exchanging their experiences of exclusion an inclusion. The effects of their lessons on the perceptions and attitudes of teacher students have been examined in a quasi-experimental pre-post-study (N = 120). Findings indicate that the implicit attitudes towards inclusion develop more positively after a lesson by the ‘educational specialists’ than in a comparison group without such a lesson. Hence, lessons from educational specialists can contribute to the development of the attitudes of future teachers. (DIPF/Orig.

    Partizipative Hochschullehre durch Service User Involvement von BildungsfachkrÀften mit Behinderungserfahrungen

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    Qualifizierte BildungsfachkrĂ€fte (BFK), die vormals an WerkstĂ€tten fĂŒr behinderte Menschen tĂ€tig waren, werden seit einiger Zeit in mehreren BundeslĂ€ndern in LehramtsstudiengĂ€nge und StudiengĂ€nge der Sozialen Arbeit einbezogen, um mit Studierenden ĂŒber ihre Inklusions- und Exklusionserfahrungen in Austausch zu kommen. In StudiengĂ€ngen der Sozialen Arbeit findet der Einbezug von Adressatinnen und Adressaten sozialer Dienstleistungen unter dem Begriff des Service User Involvements (SUI) statt. Ziel des Beitrags ist die Analyse der BezĂŒge zwischen dem BFK-Konzept und dem SUI-Ansatz, indem die Gemeinsamkeiten und Spezifikationen der beiden partizipativen AnsĂ€tze herausgearbeitet sowie die Chancen fĂŒr eine Weiterentwicklung der Bildung von Fach- und FĂŒhrungskrĂ€ften aufgezeigt werden. (DIPF/Orig.

    Anxiety and depression in patients with advanced macular degeneration: current perspectives.

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    Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - despite advances in prevention and medical treatment options - remains prevalent among older adults, often resulting in functional losses that negatively affect the mental health of older adults. In particular, the prevalence of both anxiety and depression in patients with AMD is high. Along with medical treatment options, low vision rehabilitation and AMD-specific behavioral and self-management programs have been developed and have demonstrated effectiveness in improving the mental health of AMD patients. This article reviews the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with advanced AMD, discusses potential mechanisms accounting for the development of depression and anxiety in AMD patients, presents the state-of the-art of available interventions for addressing anxiety and depression in AMD patients, and delineates recommendations for eye care professionals regarding how to screen for these two prevalent mental health problems and how to facilitate appropriate treatment for patients with AMD

    Construction and validation of a questionnaire on attitudes towards inclusion for teachers

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    Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Konstruktion und Validierung des „Einstellungsfragebogens zu Inklusion fĂŒr LehrkrĂ€fte“ (EFI-L) dargestellt. Ziel der Studie war es, einen Fragebogen fĂŒr LehrkrĂ€fte zu erstellen, der sowohl die kognitive als auch die behaviorale sowie die affektive Komponente der Einstellung zu Inklusion abbildet und dabei schĂŒler- sowie lehrerbezogene Einstellungen berĂŒcksichtigt. Die Validierung des Instruments wurde an einer Stichprobe von n=652 LehrkrĂ€ften an Grund-, Sonder- und weiterfĂŒhrenden Schulen vorgenommen. Über eine Hauptkomponentenanalyse sowie eine konfirmatorische Faktorenanalyse (Strukturgleichungsmodellierung) konnte eine dreifaktorielle Struktur identifiziert werden, die die beiden schĂŒlerbezogenen Faktoren „Fachliche Förderung im inklusiven Unterricht“ und „Soziale Inklusion im Unterricht“ umfasst sowie den lehrerbezogenen Faktor „Persönliche Bereitschaft zu inklusivem Unterricht“. Die Faktoren bilden sowohl kognitive als auch behavioral-affektive Komponenten der Einstellung ab. (DIPF/Orig.)This paper describes the construction and validation of the “Questionnaire on Attitudes towards Inclusion for Teachers”. The study aims to develop a questionnaire for teachers that comprises cognitive, behavioral, as well as affective components of attitudes towards inclusion and at the same time considers student- and teacher-focused attitudes. Validation was conducted based on data from n=652 primary school, secondary school, and special education teachers. Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (structural equation modeling) identified a three-dimensional structure involving two student-focused factors, i.e., “Promoting academic competencies in inclusive classrooms” and “Social inclusion in school”, and the teacher-focused factor “Individual readiness for inclusive education”. The factors represent cognitive and behavioral-affective attitude components. (DIPF/Orig.

    Behavioural and Emotional Correlates of Age-Related Visual Decline : Contextual and Self-Regulation Perspectives

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    This cumulative dissertation presents five empirical papers dealing with behavioural, emotional, and contextual correlates of visual functioning in old age, and one empirical paper focusing on social context in middle and old age in general. Results are based on different samples of older adults. In study 1, the sample was comprised of older adults suffering from pathological age-related visual impairment. Moreover, a sighted control group was included. In study 2 to study 5, the samples were comprised of older adults with normal age-related changes in vision by the majority, but also included cases with excellent vision as well as cases of severe vision loss. Finally, study 6 employed two cohorts of middle-aged and older visually intact adults. Overall, findings from the presented studies show that age-related vision loss, when considered separately, results in lessened levels of behavioural and emotional outcomes that persist or develop over time. Also, mediators (e.g., outdoor motivation, social resources) and moderators (assimilative and accommodative self-regulation tendencies) of the relationship between age-related visual decline and behavioural competence and emotional adaptation, respectively, were identified. Depending on these mediators and moderators, psychosocial consequences of visual decline can be quite different. Further, context-independent correlates of age-related visual decline were found (e.g., age, cognitive functioning), but also correlation patterns that were different between macro-contexts (urban vs. rural areas, East vs. West Germany). In particular, social resources were more effective in enhancing out-of-home leisure activities in rural than in urban regions. The general importance of social relationships for major aging outcomes led to a focused analysis of friendships independent of visual functioning in the final study. Results highlight the importance of different personality resources for friendship involvement in different phases of life. Biographical relationship experiences appeared to be crucial as well

    Preprints and Publications

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    Effects of visual impairment and blindness on behavior of students with visual impairments

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    Der Forschungsstand hinsichtlich eines erhöhten Risikos der Ausbildung von VerhaltensauffĂ€lligkeiten und psychischen Problemen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit SehschĂ€digungen ist nicht einheitlich. Es wird ĂŒber eine Befragung der LehrkrĂ€fte von 226 SchĂŒlerinnen und SchĂŒlern berichtet, die sehbehindert oder blind sind. Im Vergleich zur englischen Normpopulation ergibt sich im „Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire“ (SDQ) eine signifikant erhöhte Rate von AuffĂ€lligkeiten in allen Bereichen. 33.6% der SchĂŒlerinnen und SchĂŒler, bei denen keine zusĂ€tzliche BeeintrĂ€chtigung vorliegt, erreichen einen grenzwertigen oder auffĂ€lligen Gesamtwert. Die Rate der AuffĂ€lligkeiten variiert nicht mit dem Schweregrad der SehschĂ€digung, wohl aber mit dem Vorliegen einer zusĂ€tzlichen BeeintrĂ€chtigung. SchĂŒlerinnen und SchĂŒler mit zusĂ€tzlicher BeeintrĂ€chtigung zeigen nochmals mehr AuffĂ€lligkeiten als solche, bei denen keine zusĂ€tzliche BeeintrĂ€chtigung vorliegt. Dieser Faktor erklĂ€rt auch die Unterschiede in AbhĂ€ngigkeit vom Bildungsort, da SchĂŒlerinnen und SchĂŒler mit zusĂ€tzlicher BeeintrĂ€chtigung seltener in inklusiven Schulformen unterrichtet werden. Insgesamt betrachtet ist fĂŒr blinde und sehbehinderte Kinder und Jugendliche eine GefĂ€hrdung ihrer psychosozialen Entwicklung festzustellen und es besteht entsprechend ein spezifischer UnterstĂŒtzungs- und Förderbedarf. (DIPF/Orig.)Research concerning the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in children with visual impairments is inconclusive. We report on a teacher-survey on 226 children and adolescents with visual impairments. In comparison to the English norms the rate of problem scores in the “Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire” (SDQ) is significantly elevated in all scales. 33.6 percent of children without additional impairments score in the abnormal range. The risk is not associated with the degree of visual impairment, but with additional developmental problems. Children with additional impairments show more emotional and behavioral problems than children without additional impairments. This fact explains differences which are found between children in special schools and children in inclusive school settings. Children with additional impairments are seen in inclusive settings less often. In conclusion, children and adolescents with visual impairments are at risk regarding their psycho-social development and thus are in need of specific support. (DIPF/Orig.

    Von Erfahrungsexpert*innen ausgebrachte Lehrangebote: Entwicklung und psychometrische Evaluation eines Fragebogens zur Lehrveranstaltungsevaluation

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    Since November 2020, six individuals with so-called cognitive impairment are teaching as education specialists at the Annelie Wellensiek Center for Inclusive Education at Heidelberg University of Education (AW-ZIB). In their courses, they provide students with insights into their life and their experiences of inclusion and exclusion as individuals with disability experiences. An essential part of quality development at the AW-ZIB is the evaluation of its courses, e.g., through feedback from the participants. Existing instruments of course evaluation are only partially suitable for this purpose. Therefore, the AW-ZIB developed and tested a new instrument based on common theoretical models of course evaluation (N = 315). The article reports on the factorial structure, the reliability of the subscales, as well as correlations with the overall judgement of the students and socio-demographic data. The instrument shows good characteristic values and can be adapted for similar purposes (e.g., service user involvement in social work courses)
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