Mechanical suspensions for space applications

Characteristics of mechanical suspensions for moving components of aerospace system

Thermally conductive support structure

A structure for supporting and at least transferring heat energy away from at least a first heat source interconnected thereto is disclosed. In one embodiment, the structure includes a deck member having a plurality of layers of thermally conductive fibers packed within a matrix material. Fibers of at least a first layer are orientable to transfer heat energy toward at least a first sidewall of the deck member, and fibers of at least a second layer are orientable about .+-.45.degree. relative to the fibers of the first layer to enhance the structural strength of the deck member. In another embodiment, fibers of at least a first layer of thermally conductive fibers of the deck member are orientable to transfer heat energy from a first heat source to a second, cooler heat source, both of which are interconnectable to the deck member, such that the first and second heat sources operate at substantially uniform temperatures. In this embodiment, fibers of at least a second layer of thermally conductive fibers are orientable about .+-.45.degree. relative to the fibers of the first layer to enhance the structural strength of the deck member. Fibers of at least a third layer of thermally conductive fibers are orientable substantially orthogonally relative to the fibers of the first layer to transfer heat energy away from at least the first heat source to at least a first sidewall of the deck member

One dimensional modelling of failure in laminated plates by delamination buckling

When low speed objects impact composite laminated plates delamination may result. Under inplane compression such delaminations may buckle and tend to enlarge the delaminated area which can lead to loss of global plate stability. This process is modelled here in a first attempt by a delaminating beam-column wherein the local delamination growth, stability and arrest are governed by a fracture mechanics-based energy release rate criterion

Sixth Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium

Design and development of mechanisms for spacecraft components - conference

Neoprocessualismo, processo e constituição: tendências do direito procesual civil à luz do neoconstitucionalismo

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Florianópolis, 2012Este trabalho busca demonstrar o papel do neoconstitucionalismo como agente catalizador na transformação do direito processual civil, inaugurando uma nova etapa intitulada neoprocessualismo, de modo a destacar as principais tendências do direito processual civil. Os horrores experimentados durante a segunda grande guerra inauguraram o neoconstitucionalismo, identificado, basicamente, pela consolidação do estado democrático de direito a partir da sua centralização nos direitos fundamentais, da reaproximação entre o direito e a ética e de uma nova dogmática de interpretação constitucional que garanta a unidade, a harmonia e a força normativa das normas constitucionais. O neoconstitucionalismo e a constitucionalização do direito proporcionam o repensar do direito processual civil. No neoprocessualismo não se nega a importância, a coexistência e a necessidade da presença de características marcantes trazidas pelas demais fases percorridas pela ciência processual. Deste modo, foi fundamental ao desenvolvimento do direito processual ser e continuar a ser tratado como uma ciência autônoma, constituída de seus próprios princípios e institutos. Ainda, deve ser sempre ressaltada a visão instrumental do processo, proporcionando a reaproximação entre o processo e o direito material, coexistindo em uma relação de constante simbiose para obtenção do fim pelo meio. Para o neoprocessualismo, amplia-se o conceito de processo: trata-se de um ato jurídico complexo resultante da aplicação de princípios constitucionais sobre uma base procedimental, instrumentalizando o direito material e proporcionando a satisfação de direitos fundamentais. Logo, é possível que exista processo dentro e fora da jurisdição, tornando possível a aplicação dos princípios constitucionais processuais na arbitragem e no processo administrativo. O direito processual civil deve ser criado, interpretado e aplicado a partir dos princípios que emanam da Constituição, sob pena violação ao pacto político fundamental. Mais que um mero instrumento de obtenção de tutela jurisdicional, o processo civil transforma-se em um meio permanente e indispensável ao exercício da cidadania, exigindo maior capacidade ética na aplicação de seus institutos. No neoprocessualismo, torna-se necessária a expansão da interpretação e da criatividade judicial para a conservação e concretização de direitos fundamentais quando a lei não for bastante para cumprir sua função social. Diante da eminente crise de credibilidade do sistema processual, resta a necessidade de centralizar o estudo do processo dos institutos processuais na efetividade que produzem, tendo-se por base o binômio segurança-celeridade. O desenvolvimento de técnicas de filtragem às instâncias superiores e técnicas de vinculação às decisões judiciais, no Brasil, têm aproximado os sistemas do civil law e do common law, revelando a tendência de objetivação do processo por meio da transcendência jurisprudencial. Assim, da constante expansão dos axiomas constitucionais surge uma nova fase evolutiva da ciência processual, o neoprocessualismo: o estudo da mudança paradigmática do direito processual civil e suas tendências, a partir das influências do neoconstitucionalismo, tornando-o mais humano e apto à realização dos direitos fundamentais.Abstract : This paper seeks to demonstrate the role of agent neoconstitutionalism as catalyst in the transformation of civil procedural law, ushering in a new stage neoprocessualism entitled, in order to highlight the main trends of civil procedural law. The horrors experienced during the second world war inaugurated the neoconstitutionalism, identified primarily by the consolidation of the democratic state of law from its centering on fundamental rights, the rapprochement between law and ethics and a new dogmatic interpretation of constitutional guarantees unity, harmony and normative force of constitutional norms. The constitutionalization of the right neoconstitutionalism and provide a rethinking of civil procedural law. In neoprocessualism not deny the importance and necessity of the coexistence presence of the striking features brought by other procedural stages traversed by science. Thus, it was fundamental to the development of procedural law and continue to be treated as an autonomous science, consisting of its own principles and institutes. Still, it should always be stressed the instrumental view of the process, providing the rapprochement between the process and the right material, coexisting in a symbiotic relationship of constant order to obtain the middle. For neoprocessualism, expands the concept of process: it is a complex legal act resulting from the application of constitutional principles on a procedural basis, equipping the right equipment and providing the satisfaction of fundamental rights. Therefore, it is possible that there is process inside and outside the jurisdiction, making possible the application of constitutional principles in arbitration proceedings and in administrative proceedings. The civil procedural law should be created, interpreted and applied the principles emanating from the Constitution, under penalty violation of fundamental political pact. More than a mere instrument for obtaining judicial protection, the civil case turns into a means permanent and indispensable for the exercise of citizenship, ethics requiring greater capacity to apply their institutes. In neoprocessualism, it becomes necessary to expand the judicial interpretation and creativity for the preservation and realization of fundamental rights when the law is not enough to fulfill its social function. Faced with the imminent crisis of credibility of the procedural system, there remains the need to centralize the process of studying the institutes procedural effectiveness in producing, having been based on the binomial-speed safety. Developing filtering techniques and techniques to higher levels of binding judicial decisions, in Brazil, have approached the systems of civil law and common law, showing the tendency of objectification process through jurisprudential transcendence. Thus, the constant expansion of constitutional axioms comes a new evolutionary phase of science procedural, the neoprocessualism: the study of the paradigm shift of civil procedural law and its trends, influences from the neoconstitutionalism, making it more human and able to achieve the fundamental rights

Polyamine metabolism in compensatory renal growth

Compensatory renal growth, following renal mass extirpation, is accompanied by multiple biochemical alterations including increased nucleic acid, protein, and polyamine synthesis. The aliphatic polyamines-putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are found in most living organisms and appear to participate in many forms of augmented growth including embryonic, regenerative, hormone-induced, and neoplastic [1–3]. While the precise biochemical function of these compounds has not been defined, increased levels of polyamines and their biosynthetic enzymes occur in association with enhanced nucleic acid and protein synthesis in rapidly growing tissues [3–6]. Polyamines apparently contribute to nucleic acid accumulation by promoting biosynthesis and retarding degradation [6–8]. The decarboxylation of ornithine to putrescine is the rate-limiting step in polyamine synthesis. The catalyst, ornithine decarboxylase, is very inducible and has a short half-life in both normal and regenerating liver (10 to 11 min) [5]. Changes in enzyme activity precede or occur simultaneously with increases in RNA, DNA, and protein concentrations [3].In this study, alterations in renal polyamine synthesis were investigated in conjunction with other evidences of stimulated kidney growth following unilateral nephrectomy. These data are discussed in the context of previous observations regarding polyamine biosynthesis during enhanced renal growth