Estudio numérico del comportamiento no lineal de una viga fisurada

En el presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado se pretende obtener los parámetros adimensionales que definen la posición y profundidad de la fisura de una viga en voladizo. Esto quiere lograrse mediante análisis frecuencial con el que describir cada comportamiento de la viga en función de esos parámetros. Por lo tanto, el primer paso será la obtención de las frecuencias naturales de la viga para cada valor de los parámetros (γ y α) que definen la fisura. Este paso se realizará mediante el software de análisis por elementos finitos de Abaqus. Posteriormente se creará una red neuronal artificial mediante una serie de códigos en Matlab y se comprobará si los datos que se introducen son suficientes para entrenarla y obtener así dichos parámetros para cualquier caso. Tras unos resultados exitosos, tanto en las frecuencias naturales de la viga en voladizo como en la salida de la red neuronal artificial se puede concluir en que es posible realizar un estudio numérico del comportamiento no lineal de una viga fisurada para obtener los parámetros de dicha fisura.In this Final Degree Project is intended to obtain the dimensionless parameters that define the position and depth of the fissure of a beam cantilever. This is achieved through frequency analysis with which to describe each behavior of the beam based on these parameters. Therefore, the first step will be to obtain the natural frequencies of the beam for each value of the parameters (γ and α) that define the fissure. This step will be carried out using the Abaqus finite element analysis software. Subsequently, an artificial neural network will be created by means of a series of codes in Matlab and it will be checked if the data that are entered are enough to train it and obtain these parameters for any case. After successful results, both in the natural frequencies of the cantilever beam and in the output of the artificial neural network, it can be concluded that it is possible to perform a numerical study of the non-linear behavior of a cracked beam in order to obtain the parameters of the fissure.Ingeniería en Tecnologías Industriales (Plan 2010

Effect of Vinyl Flooring on the Modal Properties of a Steel Footbridge

Damping ratios associated with non structural elements play an important role in mitigating the pedestrian-induced vibrations of slender footbridges. In particular, this paper analyses the effect of vinyl flooring on the modal parameters of steel footbridges. Motivated by the unexpected high experimental damping ratios of the first vibration modes of a real footbridge, whose deck was covered by a vinyl flooring, this paper aims at assessing more accurately the experimental damping ratios generated by this non-structural element on steel footbridges. For this purpose, a laboratory footbridge was built and vinyl flooring was installed on it. Its numerical and experimental modal parameters without and with the vinyl flooring were determined. The operational modal analysis method was used to estimate experimentally the modal parameters of the structure. The damping ratios associated with the vinyl flooring were obtained via the substraction between the experimental damping ratios of the laboratory footbridge with and without the vinyl flooring. An average increase of the damping ratios of 2.069% was observed due to the vinyl flooring installed. According to this result, this type of pavement may be a useful tool to significantly increase the damping ratios of steel footbridges in order to reduce pedestrian-induced vibrationsMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad DPI2014-53947-RFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional DPI2014-53947-

Vinyl sulfone: a multi-purpose function in proteomics

The chapter is organized in three sections. In a first instance, a general overview of the vinyl sulfone chemistry in terms of the most relevant methods of synthesis and aspects of their reactivity will be followed by a discussion of the application of this chemical behaviour with proteins. Their advantages and disadvantages with other currently available methodologies to modify amine and thiol groups naturally present in proteins will be compared. In a second section the applications of vinyl sulfones to Proteomics will be enumerated. Finally, the wide scope of the vinyl sulfone chemistry in other omic sciences will be discussed.The authors acknowledge Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica (DGICYT) (CTQ2008-01754) and Junta de Andalucía (P07-FQM-02899) for financial support

Reply: Response to Wilson et al. Comments on Lopez-Jaramillo et al. DivinylSulfone Cross-Linked Cyclodextrin-Based Polymeric Materials: Synthesis and Applications as Sorbents and Encapsulating Agents. Molecules, 2015, 20, 3565–3581

Reply: Response to Wilson et al. Comments on Lopez-Jaramillo et al. DivinylSulfone Cross-Linked Cyclodextrin-Based Polymeric Materials: Synthesis and Applications as Sorbents and Encapsulating Agents. Molecules, 2015, 20, 3565–3581The authors acknowledge the Ministerio de Ciencia and Innovacion for financial support (Grant CTQ2011-29299-CO2-01)

Political Disaffection and Digital Political Participation in Latin America: A Comparative Analysis of the Period 2008–2020

One of the issues facing the field of political behaviour analysis in recent years has been the transformation of political participation among citizens, in a context of increasing change, profoundly marked by the spread of a new digital paradigm. Network society has brought with it new forms of political participation, where different types of participatory citizenship coexist in a process of increasing interaction which, in turn, creates new morphologies, and where online and offline modes are reciprocal, generating new patterns of behaviour. Of these different types of participatory citizenship, that of the disaffected is perhaps among the most important in recent years and, in particular, since the start of the so-called “Great Recession” around 2008, and the subsequent global COVID-19 crisis. This recent context can be characterised by a significant increase in political disaffection, resulting from a loss of trust in institutions and from the constant distancing of a certain section of the citizenry from politics as a coded punishment of those governments and institutions they see as ineffective. This paper provides an analysis of citizenship types in Latin America, particularly that of the disaffected, describing their relationship to the following of political information through digital media and social networks, and identifying patterns of evolution and development in some of the trends. Results show that a clear distinction exists between the different types of citizenship and associated forms of participation, both online and offline, while also describing differences in both political perceptions and attitudes, and between areas or regions in Latin America. Likewise, important differences are found according to citizen type in relation to the following of different social networks, especially among citizens categorised as critical or disaffecte

Implementación de un servidor multimedia para clientes multiplataforma mediante redes fijas y móviles

El objetivo de este proyecto es la implementación de un sistema de contenido multimedia con capacidad de reproducción en directo para todo tipo de redes de banda ancha, mediante clientes multiplataforma. Estas plataformas podrán estar implementadas en diferentes sistemas operativos como en distintos dispositivos físicos; los primeros serán: Windows, Mac OS, Linux, incluyendo diferentes distribuciones de este último, incluyendo en estas Android. Los dispositivos físicos desde los que se podrá tener acceso podrán ser: equipos informáticos, ya sean sobremesa o portátiles, móviles, tabletas y Raspberry Pi. El usuario final desde su dispositivo con acceso a internet podrá acceder al servidor y reproducir en tiempo real televisión o cualquier otro contenido almacenado que tenga. Sea cual sea su conexión, siendo accesible desde su red local o una red externa, mediante conexiones fijas o móviles. El medio de transmisión puede ser fibra óptica de plástico (POF), cable RJ45 o inalámbricamente, y en el caso de acceso externo, se podrá acceder además de los métodos anteriormente comentados, también por medio de redes inalámbricas móviles 3G y el 4G en dispositivos móviles. La implementación de la red interna cableada realizada en el laboratorio constituye a su vez un lugar de pruebas de las aplicaciones de la fibra óptica de plástico (POF). La recepción del contenido de televisión en directo se realizará a través de cuatro dispositivos sintonizadores duales de canales TDT, que actuarán como ocho capturadoras de señal conectadas a un concentrador USB, para finalmente acceder al servidor. Tras este primer paso, el servidor se configurará para distribuir, procesar y almacenar los canales de TDT y podrá gestionarse remotamente a través de una página web. Además, se compararán diferentes programas Open Source para servidor de contenidos multimedia y para los diferentes clientes multiplataforma. Para ello se usará software gratuito, para una mayor accesibilidad por parte de cualquier usuario. Se realizará una comparativa con las diferentes posibilidades que hay en la actualidad, eligiendo finalmente Media Portal como programa suministrador de contenidos multimedia y más en concreto, de televisión en directo. En otro apartado se estudiará la capacidad del servidor tanto en pequeños entornos domésticos conectados con fibra de plástico, como en difusión a través de cable RJ45 y fibra óptica o conexiones móviles, desde las diferentes alternativas para las que se puede acceder al contenido ofrecido. Se probará el servidor en diferentes situaciones, comparándolas según sea su cliente y plataforma, discerniendo cual es la más adecuada según los requisitos de calidad que sean necesarios. Tras la implementación del sistema y su posterior configuración, cualquier cliente desde cualquier plataforma debe tener acceso a todos los contenidos ofrecidos por el servidor: TDT en directo, radio en directo, archivos de vídeo, imágenes y audio. Además del acceso y reproducción también se ha de poder programar grabaciones de televisión y radio. El usuario debe tener un control sobre el cliente total, fácil e intuitivo

Turning carbon dots into selenium bearing nanoplatforms with in vitro GPx-like activity and pro-oxidant activity

Selenium (Se) has been defined as the “Janus element”, with one face showing antioxidant activity and the other pro-oxidant activity. The biological effect of Se depends on both dose and speciation. Se nanoparticles are attracting major interest, although their large-scale preparation for biomedical applications is not trivial. We hypothesize that acid anhydride-coated carbon dots (AACD) are an attractive platform for preparing nanoparticles containing chemically defined Se. The reaction of AA-CD with 3- selenocyanatopropan-1-amine yields carbon dots bearing selenocyanate and carboxylate groups (CD-SeCN) that allow for tuning the hydrosolubility. CD-SeCN has a Se content of 0.36 μmol per mg of nanoparticles, and they show the typical photoluminescence of carbon dots. The selenocyanate groups (SeCN) exhibited glutathione peroxidase-like activity and cytotoxicity. Data show that antioxidant behavior differs between normal and tumor cells, and the evaluation on HEK293 and A549 cells reveals that the toxicity of CD-SeCN depends on dose, time, and intracellular glutathione (GSH) content. The toxicity of CD-SeCN decreases with the time of incubation and the cell death mechanism switches from necrosis to apoptosis, indicating that CD-SeCN is neutralized. Additionally, high levels of intracellular GSH exert a protective effect. These results support a pharmacological potential in cancers with low levels of intracellular GSH. The use of AA-CD as nanoplatforms is a general strategy that paves the way for the engineering of advanced nanosystemsSpanish institution Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (No. CTQ2017- 86125-P)Unit of Excellence in Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the EnvironmentCentro de Instrumentacion Cientifica (Universidad de Granada)Universidad de Granada/CBUASpringer Natur

Divinyl Sulfone Cross-Linked Cyclodextrin-Based Polymeric Materials: Synthesis and Applications as Sorbents and Encapsulating Agents

The aim of this study was to evaluate the crosslinking abilities of divinyl sulfone (DVS) for the preparation of novel water-insoluble cyclodextrin-based polymers (CDPs) capable of forming inclusion complexes with different guest molecules. Reaction of DVS with native α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and/or starch generates a variety of homo- and hetero-CDPs with different degrees of crosslinking as a function of the reactants’ stoichiometric ratio. The novel materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and for their sorption of phenol and 4-nitrophenol. They were further evaluated as sorbents with phenolic pollutants (bisphenol A and β-naphthol) and bioactive compounds (the hormone progesterone and curcumin). Data obtained from the inclusion experiments show that the degree of cross-linking has a minor influence on the yield of inclusion complex formation and highlight the important role of the CDs, supporting a sorption process based on the formation of inclusion complexes. In general, the inclusion processes are better described by a Freundlich isotherm although an important number of them can also be fitted to the Langmuir isotherm with R2 ≥ 0.9, suggesting a sorption onto a monolayer of homogeneous sites

The Economic Context and Electoral Yield of a Minority Regional Government: The Andalusia Government during the 2015-2018 Period

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar cuál ha sido la influencia del contexto económico sobre el comportamiento electoral de los andaluces en las elecciones autonómicas del 2 de diciembre de 2018. Para ello, mediante modelización con ecuaciones estructurales, se analiza la percepción de los andaluces respecto a la situación económica y si esta ha condicionado la respuesta electoral a un Gobierno en minoría parlamentaria, sostenido con el apoyo de Ciudadanos. Nuestras conclusiones y los posteriores resultados en las elecciones al Parlamento andaluz de 2018, evidencian un evidente desgaste para el partido que sustentaba el ejecutivo —PSOE—, así como para el principal partido de la oposición —PP—. Ciudadanos, como support party, duplicó sus apoyos, convirtiéndose junto a Vox en los dos únicos partidos que mejoraron sus resultados.The aim of this paper is to determine the influence that the state of the economy had on the electoral behaviour of Andalusians in the regional election held on 2 December 2018. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the perception that Andalusians had of the economic situation and whether this determined their electoral response to a minority parliamentary government, sustained with the support of the Ciudadanos party. Both our findings and the subsequent results in the 2018 Andalusian Parliament election showed a clear erosion of the support for the incumbent PSOE party, as well as for the main opposition party (PP). Ciudadanos, which had acted as support party, doubled its electoral base and improved its results, as did Vox. They were the only two parties to improve their previous electoral results

Tendencia transfusional en la artroplastia total de cadera tras la implantación de un protocolo de “Patient blood management”

Introducción: La artroplastia total de cadera es un procedimiento quirúrgico exitoso y seguro, pero que conlleva una inherente perdida sanguínea asociada. Cuando esta cirugía se lleva a cabo de forma programada, la implantación de un abordaje multimodal de Patient Blood Management (PBM), permitirá reducir significativamente las necesidades transfusionales. Objetivo: Presentar los resultados clínico-analíticos y la incidencia transfusional tras la implantación de un protocolo de PBM en aquellos pacientes que van a someterse a una cirugía protésica de cadera. Material y métodos: Estudio restrospectivo, unicentrico, observacional y analítico, entre aquellos pacientes sometidos a una artroplastia primaria de cadera electiva entre enero de 2017 y Febrero de 2019. En todos ellos, se ha aplicado un protocolo de PBM, centrado en el desarrollo de un programa de optimización de la anemia preoperatoria, la utilización de ácido tranexámico tópico y la adopción de una política transfusional restrictiva. Resultados: El estudio incluyó un total de 384 pacientes, donde únicamente 9 precisaron transfusión de sangre alogénica (Tasa transfusional: 2,34%). En el análisis de los pacientes transfundidos, se encontró que presentaban una mayor estancia hospitalaria (8 ±2,9 Vs 5,3 ±2,9 días; p=0,007) y un mayor índice de complicaciones (22,2% vs 3,9%; p=0,017), respecto a aquellos que eludieron la TSA. Conclusión: La aplicación de un adecuado protocolo multimodal de PBM, nos acerca a la utopía de una cirugía sin sangre en la cirugía protésica, resultando un modelo costo-efectivo que permite reducir de forma significativa la TSA en la artroplastia primaria de cadera