Assessing the optimum temperature for survival, growth and reproduction of adult Caspian Sea Pontogammarus maeoticus

This study was conducted to assess the effect of different levels of temperature on survival, growth and reproduction of adult Caspian Sea Pontogammarus rnaeoticus. Temperature effects were studied in 5 thermal levels (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C) where salinity was constant (7.1±0.2ppt). The sampling was made from Hassan-nrud coastal area in Guilan province. The results showed that survival was maximum at 20CC (95.56%) with higher temperatures showing a significant descending trend in survival (P<0.05) in which all samples perished on I 8th day at 35°C treatment. The number of produced brood followed a significant ascending , trend from 15°C to 25°C treatments and reached its climax at 25°C (117.3+12.2 broods). The minimum value for produced brood was reported at 15°C treatment (21.3±2.4 broods). A significant persistent increment of growth rate was observed throughout all treatments (P<0.05) where the maximum and minimum values were observed for the final (5.76±0.1mm) and the first (1.77±0.06mm) treatments, respectively. We suggest 25°C, 20°C and 30°C temperature treatments for producing the maximum brood per unit of time, the highest survival rate and the maximum growth, respectively. The temperature 25°C is defined as the best for aquaculture of pontogammarus as livefood of aquatic organisms

Histomorphological investigation of Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) (Mugilidae) ovary in the late oogenesis in the Caspian Sea

In the present study, various developmental stages of Liza aurata oocyte, especially IV and V stages have been described. On the basis of histological investigations, oocyte development in L. aurata comprises immature (I), the early maturing (II), the late maturing (III), mature (IV), ripe (V), and spent (VI) stages. In the stages I and II, nucleus occupied a large volume of oocyte. Vacuolization and vitellogenesis appearance started at stage III. Vitellogenesis increased by further growth of oocyte at stage IV and also vacuolization occurred. Zona radiata and follicular cells were more conspicuous at this stage. In the late stage IV, the number of vacuoles decreased due to the fusing of small vacuoles and nucleoli located on different places of the nucleus at this stage. At stage V, oocyte normally possessed one or two oil droplets; nucleus disappeared after migration to animal pole. Recently spawned oocytes were fluid, lemon in color and 779.2µm in diameter. The maximum gonadosomatic index (GSI) value was found at stage V

Electrical Burn Patients According to Electrical Voltage in Shahid Motahari Burn Center

Background: Electrical injuries are rarely happened but it makes more harmful lesions comparing to other thermal injuries. The aim of this study was to report electrical burned patients according to electrical voltage in Shahid Motahari Burn Center.Methods: This Routine data base study was performed on patients with electrical burns which were admitted to Shahid Motahari Burn Center from April 2010 to March 2012. Demographic and clinical data had gathered from medical records. Association between voltage and morbidity or mortality was evaluated used SPSS v. 16.Results: Mean total body surface area of 287 patients (283 (98.60%) male and 4 (1.4%) female) with mean age of 30±0.7 years was 13.56±0.76% (range 1-100). There were 203 patients (70.7%) with low and 84 patients (29.31%) with high voltage injury. There was significant association between voltage and place of injury (p=0.001).Conclusion: High voltage injuries constitute large number of electrical injuries which more of these injuries occurred outdoor and in workplace and need more hospitalization. High voltage injuries are related with more amputation, so people and authorities should pay more attention to such injuries

Transcriptional regulation of the human ALDH1A1 promoter by the oncogenic homeoprotein TLX1/HOX11

The homeoprotein TLX1, which is essential to spleen organogenesis and oncogenic when aberrantly expressed in immature T cells, functions as a bifunctional transcriptional regulator, being capable of activation or repression depending on cell type and/or promoter context. However, the detailed mechanisms by which it regulates the transcription of target genes such as ALDH1A1 remains to be elucidated. We therefore functionally assessed the ability of TLX1 to regulate ALDH1A1 expression in two hematopoietic cell lines, PER-117 T-leukemic cells and human erythroleukemic (HEL) cells, by use of luciferase reporter and mobility shift assays. We showed that TLX1 physically interacts with the general transcription factor TFIIB via its homeodomain, and identified two activities in respect to TLX1-mediated regulation of the CCAAT box-containing ALDH1A1 promoter. The first involved CCAAT-dependent transcriptional repression via perturbation of GATA factor-containing protein complexes assembled at a non-canonical TATA (GATA) box. A structurally intact homeodomain was essential for repression by TLX1 although direct DNA binding was not required. The second activity, which involved CCAAT-independent transcriptional activation did not require an intact homeodomain, indicating that the activation and repression functions of TLX1 are distinct. These findings confirm ALDH1A1 gene regulation by TLX1 and support an indirect model for TLX1 function, in which protein-protein interactions, rather than DNA binding at specific sites, are crucial for its transcriptional activity

Early Maladaptive Schemas as Predictors of Child Anxiety: The Role of Child and Mother Schemas

This study investigated the relationship between symptoms of anxiety in children and early maladaptive schemas in children and their mothers. Early maladaptive schemas are dysfunctional ways of thinking, feeling and behaving that develop as a result of adverse experiences with significant others in childhood, and lead to a higher risk of psychopathology. A sample of 200 non-clinical children (aged 9-13 years) completed the SCARED (Birmaher et al., 1997) and SIC (Rijkeboer and De Boo, 2010), their mothers completed the YSQ-SF (Young 1998). The psychometric properties of the SCARED separation anxiety and social phobia scales were inadequate. Regression analyses found that child anxiety scores were mainly predicted by the child schemas of loneliness, submission and vulnerability, which are similar to the anxiety predictors identified in adult samples. The failure schema was strongly related to anxiety symptoms in girls. Differences in schema predictors were found between girls and boys, and between different anxiety scales. Mother schemas were generally poor predictors of child anxiety symptoms. Support was found for the proposal that the schemas of self-sacrifice and enmeshment may not be maladaptive in children. This study identified several early maladaptive schemas that are significantly related to child anxiety symptoms, but further research is required to establish the causal direction of these relationships. Research in clinical samples is recommended to determine whether specific child schemas can differentiate between different types of psychopathology. The reliability and validity of the SCARED in Iranian children is questionable, and requires further examination.

Comparative assessment of tear function tests, tear osmolarity, and conjunctival impression cytology between patients with pterygium and healthy eyes

Purpose: To compare histologic abnormalities of tear film and tear osmolarity between normal eyes and eyes with pterygium. Methods: This was a prospective, hospital-based, case-control study involving 95 patients (65 men, 30 women) with unilateral pterygium. The tear meniscus height (TMH), Schirmer's test-1 (SCH-1) score, Rose Bengal staining (RBS) score, tear film breakup time (TBUT), tear osmolarity (TO), and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) were assessed in both eyes. The Chi-square and Student's t-tests were used to compare the results between the two groups. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The mean patient age was 50.9 years, with the largest age group being the 45-55 year-old bracket across both genders. Most patients (82.1) had nasal pterygium, and 80 were involved in outside activities. The mean assessment values in the case and control groups were as follows: TMH, 0.21 vs. 0.24 mm; SCH-1, 13.2 vs. 17.8 mm; RBS, 4.38 vs. 2.51 points; TBUT, 8.7 vs. 13.2 seconds; TO, 306 vs. 299 mOsm/L (P < 0.001 in all cases). The proportions of abnormal assessment values in the case and control groups were as follows: TMH, 82.1 vs. 3.16; SCH-1, 20 vs. 2.1; RBS, 30.53 vs. 4.22; TBUT, 61.05 vs. 6.3; TO, 10.52 vs. 1.05; CIC, 33.7 vs. 7.37 (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusion: This study showed that the quantity and quality of tear film, as well as the number of goblet cells, decreased, but the tear osmolarity increased in eyes with pterygium. Furthermore, the TMH, RBS results, TBUT, and CIC have more precise state of the patient's tear condition with the disease of the pterygium. Safarzadeh Masoud 1 Department of Optometry, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Heidari Sahel 2 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Azizzadeh Parvin 3 Bahman Ophthalmology Research Center, Bahman Hospital, Tehran Sheibani Kourosh 4 Basir Eye Safety Research Center, Basir Eye Clinic, Tehran Nassiri Nader 5 Ophthalmic Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Heidari Laleh 6 Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Aghataheri Sattar 7 Department of Optometry, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Moukoury Nyolo E, Epee E, Nsangou JFI, Noa Noa Tina B. Pterygiun in a tropical region: Analysis of 344 cases in Cameroon. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol 2009;311:11-15. Shiroma H, Higa A, Sawaguchi S, Iwase A, Tomidokoro A, Amano S. Prevalence and risk factors of pterygium in a southwestern island of Japan: The Kumejima Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2009;148:766-771. Cajucom-Uy H, Tong L, Wong TY, Tay WT, Saw SM. The prevalence of and risk factors for pterygium in an urban Malay population: The Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES). Br J Ophthalmol 2010;94:977-981. Rajab AY. Evaluation of tear film stability in pterygium and pingueculae. Ann Coll Med Mosul 2013;39:132-135. Ganeshpuri AS, Kamble BS, Patil P, Wadgaonkar SP. A comparative study of tear film stability and secretion in pterygium patients-Diabetic vs. nondiabetic. Int J Health Sci Res 2014;4:86-97. Anguria P, Ntuli S, Carmichael T. Relationships of heredity and dry eye with pterygia in black African patients. SAMJ 2011;101:110. Yanoff, Duker. Ophthalmology. 4th edition chapter. Vol. 23. 2013. p. 274-6. ISBN 978-1455-7398-44. Wang S, Jiang B, Gu Y. Changes of tear film function after pterygium operation. Ophthalmic Res 2011;45:210-215. Srinivasan S and Nichols KK. Collecting tear osmolarity measurements in the diagnosis of dry eye. Exp Rev Ophthalmol 2009;4:451-453. Ozsutcu M, Arslan B, Erdur SK, Gulkilik G, Kocabora SM, Muftuoglu O. Tear osmolarity and tear film parameters in patients with unilateral pterygium. Cornea 2014;33:1174-1178. Singh R, Joseph A, Umapathy T, Tint NL, Dua HS. Impression cytology of the ocular surface. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89:1655-1659. Viso E, Gude F, Rodríguez-Ares MT. Prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium in a general population in Spain. Eye (Lond) 2011;25:350-357. Antony AT, Mini PA, Dalia S. Pterygium and Dry Eye- A Clinical Correlation. J Med Scie Clin Res 2017;5:23654-23659. Rahman A, Yahya K, Fasih U, Huda W, Shaikh A. Comparison of Schirmer's test and tear film breakup time test to detect tear film abnormalities in patients with Pterygium. J Pak Med Assoc 2012;6:1214-1216. Lee AJ, Lee J, Saw SM, Gazzard G, Koh D, Widjaja D, Tan DT. Prevalence and risk factors associated with dry eye symptoms: A population based study in Indonesia. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:1347-1351. Fotouhi A, Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Mohammad K. Prevalence and risk factors of pterygium and pinguecula: The Tehran Eye Study. Eye (Lond) 2009;23:1125-1129. Dolezalova V. Is the occurrence of a temporal pterygium really so rare? Ophthalmologica 1977;174:88-91. Asokan R, Venkatasubbu RS, Velumuri L, Lingam V, George R. Prevalence and associated factors for pterygium and pinguecula in a South Indian population. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2012;32:39-44. Jang SY, Lee SY, Yoon JS. Meibomian gland dysfunction in longstanding prosthetic eye wearers. Br J Ophthalmol 2013;97:398-402. Das P, Gokani A, Bagchi K, Bhaduri G, Chaudhuri S, Law S. Limbal epithelial stem-microenvironmental alteration leads to pterygium development. Mol Cell Biochem 2015;402:123-139. Onkar A, Pandey DJ, Bist HK, Sen S. Tear and pterygium: A clinico-pathological study of conjunctiva for tear film anomaly in pterygium. J Eye Cataract Surg 2017;3:24. Bekibele CO, Baiyeroju AM, Ajaiyeoba A, Akang EE, Ajayi BG. Case control study of dry eye and related ocular surface abnormalities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int Ophthalmol 2010;30:7-13. Rajiv, Mithal S, Sood AK. Pterygium and dry eye-A clinical correlation. Indian J Ophthalmol 1991;39:15-16. Oh HJ, Park YG, Yoon KC. Changes of ocular surface and tear film in patients with pinguecula and pterygium. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2006;47:717-724. Moreno JC, Garcia VG, Garcia L. Evaluation of tear film in patients with Pterygium. Eur J Ophthalmol 2011;00 (00). Roka N, Shrestha SP. Assessment of tear secretion and tear film instability in cases with pterygium and normal subjects. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013;5:16-23. El-Sersy TH. Role of pterygium in ocular dryness. J Egypt Ophthalmol Soc 2014;107:205-208. Lemp MA, Baudouin C, Baum J. The definition and classification of dry eye disease: Report of the definition and classification subcommittee of the international Dry Eye WorkShop. Ocul Surf 2007;5:75-92. Manhas A, Gupta D, Gupta A, Kumar D, Manhas RS, Manhas GS. Clinical correlation between dry eye and pterygium: A study done at government medical college Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, North India. Int J Res Med Sci 2017;5:3087-3094. Lemp MA, Bron AJ, Baudouin C. Tear osmolarity in the diagnosis and management of dry eye disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2011;151:792-798. Julio G, Lluch S, Pujol P, Alonso S, Merindano D. Tear osmolarity and ocular changes in pterygium. Cornea 2012;31:1417-1421. Detorakis ET, Zaravinos A, Spandidos DA. 'Growth factor expression in ophthalmic pterygia and normal conjunctiva'. Int J Mol Med 2010;25:513-516. Bandyopadhyay R, Nag D, Mondal SK, Gangopadhyay S, Bagchi K, Bhaduri G. Ocular surface disorder in pterygium: Role of conjunctival impression cytology. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2010;53:692-695. Shreya T, Poorvi G. Role of impression cytology in detecting gobletcell damage in various ocular surface disorder. Austin J Clin Ophthalmol 2016;3:1065. © 2019 Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow

Host responses are induced in feathers of chickens infected with Marek's disease virus

AbstractControl measures are ineffective in curtailing Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection and replication in the feather follicle epithelium (FFE). Therefore, vaccinated birds which subsequently become infected with MDV, shed the virulent virus although they remain protected against disease. The present study investigated host responses generated against MDV infection in the feather. We observed that in parallel with an increase in viral genome load and viral replication in the feather, there was a gradual but progressive increase in infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into the feather pulp of MDV-infected chickens, starting on day 4 and peaking by day 10 post-infection. Concomitant with infiltration of T cells, the expression of interleukin (IL)-18, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ and major histocompatibility complex class I genes was significantly enhanced in the feather pulp of MDV-infected chickens. The finding that host responses are generated in the feather may be exploited for developing strategies to control MDV infection in the FFE, thus preventing horizontal virus transmission

Sexual function in women with systemic lupus erythematous

Background and purpose: Systematic lupus erythematous (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder. Ninety percent of the lupus cases are women. Because of the chronic and painful nature of this disease, it can affect patient's quality of life, sexual function and reproductive health. The aim of this study was to investigate the sexual function of women with SLE who referred to selected rheumatologic clinics in Tehran. Materials and methods: This descriptive study was performed in 196 women with SLE attending selected rheumatologic clinics in Tehran, 2013-2014. Two questionnaires were completed including FSFI for sexual function and a demographic questionnaire. Results: The mean scores and SD for different domains of FSFI were as following: sexual desire (4.21±1.49), sexual excitement (3.32±1.57), vaginal lubrication (3.69±1.72), orgasm (3.48± 1.61), sexual satisfaction (2.68±1.00), and dyspareunia (4.77 ±2.55). Total mean score was 22.18±5.98. The most prevalent disorder was sexual satisfaction and the least prevalent disorders were vaginal lubrication, orgasm, and dyspareunia. Moderate and mild sexual function disorders were seen in 31.6 and 14.7, respectively. None of the subjects reported sever sexual function disorder. Women older than 45 years of age were observed with higher sexual function disorders (p<0.001). Participants have been married for over 15 years showed better sexual function in sexual satisfaction, dyspareunia, and sexual desire domains (p<0.001). Conclusion: SLE is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by alternate phases of remission and exacerbation of symptoms that could cause physical and socio-mental disturbances. It also has negative effect on sexual function of affected women. Awareness of health care providers about these problems may help in providing proper management of the disease and consequently improve the involved patients' quality of life. © 2015 Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved