Molecular cellophane

In vacuum, a monolayer graphene cover enables imaging mass spectrometry of living, wet cells

Оптимізм і песимізм в етичних концепціях М.Я. Грота, А. Швейцера, Н. Аббаньяно

RATIONALE: Microscope mode imaging for secondary ion mass spectrometry is a technique with the promise of simultaneous high spatial resolution and high-speed imaging of biomolecules from complex surfaces. Technological developments such as new position-sensitive detectors, in combination with polyatomic primary ion sources, are required to exploit the full potential of microscope mode mass spectrometry imaging, i.e. to efficiently push the limits of ultra-high spatial resolution, sample throughput and sensitivity. METHODS: In this work, a C60 primary source was combined with a commercial mass microscope for microscope mode secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. The detector setup is a pixelated detector from the Medipix/Timepix family with high-voltage post-acceleration capabilities. The system’s mass spectral and imaging performance is tested with various benchmark samples and thin tissue sections. RESULTS: The high secondary ion yield (with respect to ’traditional’ monatomic primary ion sources) of the C60 primary ion source and the increased sensitivity of the high voltage detector setup improve microscope mode secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. The analysis time and the signal-to-noise ratio are improved compared with other microscope mode imaging systems, all at high spatial resolution. CONCLUSIONS:We have demonstrated the unique capabilities of a C60 ion microscope with a Timepix detector for high spatial resolution microscope mode secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging

Можливості ефективної організації та стимулювання бажаних трансформацій

У статті розглядається поняття інформаційного впливу як багаторівневого феномена. Вводиться розмежування між інформаційними впливами під час взаємодії різних соціальних систем і змальовано ефект інформаційного впливу на соціально-економічний розвиток суспільства. У статті автор продовжує аналіз власної концепції розвитку соціальних технологій постмодерного м’якого управління з точки зору стану національної безпеки. Він розробляє модель постмодерного інформаційного впливу – стимулювання бажаних змін.The article examines the notion of information influence as a multilevel phenomenon. The division is applied between information influence of different social systems interaction and the impact of information influence upon society’s social and economic development is shown. In the article the author continues analysis of his conception of postmodern soft management social technologies development from the point of view of national security situation. He elaborates the model of postmodern information influence – desirable changes stimulation

Random forest and live single‐cell metabolomics reveal metabolic profiles of human macrophages upon polarization

Human macrophages are innate immune cells with diverse, functionally distinct phenotypes, namely, pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Both are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including would healing, infection, and cancer. However, the metabolic differences between these phenotypes are largely unexplored at single-cell resolution. To address this knowledge gap, an untargeted live single-cell mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling coupled with a machine-learning data analysis approach was developed to investigate the metabolic profile of each phenotype at the single-cell level. Results show that M1 and M2 macrophages have distinct metabolic profiles, with differential levels of fatty acyls, glycerophospholipids, and sterol lipids, which are important components of plasma membrane and involved in multiple biological processes. Furthermore, we could discern several putatively annotated molecules that contribute to inflammatory response of macrophages. The combination of random forest and live single-cell metabolomics provided an in-depth profile of the metabolome of primary human M1 and M2 macrophages at the single-cell level for the first time, which will pave the way for future studies targeting the differentiation of other immune cells.Pharmacolog

Random forest and live single‐cell metabolomics reveal metabolic profiles of human macrophages upon polarization

Human macrophages are innate immune cells with diverse, functionally distinct phenotypes, namely, pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Both are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including would healing, infection, and cancer. However, the metabolic differences between these phenotypes are largely unexplored at single-cell resolution. To address this knowledge gap, an untargeted live single-cell mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling coupled with a machine-learning data analysis approach was developed to investigate the metabolic profile of each phenotype at the single-cell level. Results show that M1 and M2 macrophages have distinct metabolic profiles, with differential levels of fatty acyls, glycerophospholipids, and sterol lipids, which are important components of plasma membrane and involved in multiple biological processes. Furthermore, we could discern several putatively annotated molecules that contribute to inflammatory response of macrophages. The combination of random forest and live single-cell metabolomics provided an in-depth profile of the metabolome of primary human M1 and M2 macrophages at the single-cell level for the first time, which will pave the way for future studies targeting the differentiation of other immune cells.Pharmacolog