The three-dimensional simulation of vortex on the bottom of a particle in gas-liquid two- phase flow

The sophisticated industrial applications demand deep knowledge of local flow hydrodynamics on a particle surface in fixed bed reactors in order to improve process efficiency, particularly micro- (or particle-) scale of gas-liquid two-phase flow, which the study of vortex on the bottom of a particle is much more meaningful. The three-dimensional numerical simulations of gas-liquid two phase flow passing a spherical particle were investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methodology with the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The effects of gas velocity, liquid velocity, liquid-solid contact angle, surface tension coefficient, and liquid viscosity on the interface status of fluid flow were presented in this paper. The simulation conditions were particle diameters of 10mm, water and air as liquid and gas respectively, droplet size 4mm, and an atmospheric pressure. Results show that the droplet movement and gas streamlines are greatly dependent on the air flow conditions and the liquid physical conditions. To better observe the flow field around the liquid droplet, the 3D plot is drawn for the contact angle of 50° with the gas velocity of 1.0m/s at the time instant of 0.015s as shown in Figure 1. Vortices are produced on the bottom of a particle known as Von Kármán vortex street, which have the opposite direction of rotation and the double row arrangement vortex. In addition, vortices are found to be more obvious and farer from the particle at higher gas and/or liquid velocities, and the droplet moves faster with the increasing gas velocity (0.2m/s-2.0m/s) and liquid velocity (0.24m/s-0.465m/s). Moreover, the generated vortices can be clearly observed at downstream of particle, and the droplet shape varies with the flow time. Vortex radius changes from 0.5mm to 2.5mm with the time going at the gas velocity 0.5m/s and liquid velocity 0.24m/s. The liquid-solid contact angle between 40° and 80° mainly affects particle surface wettability, which results in the different droplet shape and flow gas streamlines. At the beginning, the shape of the droplet is spherical and thereafter it changes to appropriate shape according to the surface properties and the contact angle. When the liquid-solid contact angle is 50°, vortex is comparatively density which radius is only 0.5mm initially, and then changes to 3.5mm approximately with an increase of the flow time. Meanwhile, the surface tension can affect the contractile properties and the gas streamline Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of Orf virus from goats in China: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Orf virus (ORFV) is the etiological agent of contagious pustular dermatitis and is the prototype of the genus Parapoxvirus (PPV). It causes a severe exanthematous dermatitis that afflicts domestic and wild small ruminants.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>In the present study, an outbreak of proliferative dermatitis in farmed goats. The presence of ORFV in tissue scrapings from the lips was confirmed by B2L gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The molecular characterization of the ORFV was performed using PCR amplification, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the B2L gene.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results of this investigation indicated that the outbreak was caused by infection with an ORFV that was closely related genetically to Nantou (DQ934351), which was isolated from the Tai wan province of China and Hoping (EU935106), which originated from South Korea in 2008. This is the first report of the phylogenetic analysis of ORFV from goats in China.</p

Effect of cultivar and fertilization on functional value of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)

Batat (Ipomoea batatas L.) je višegodišnja tropska vrsta iznimno velike nutritivne vrijednosti korijena i lista. Pripada u skupinu funkcionalne hrane zbog značajne količine specijaliziranih biljnih metabolita, antioksidativnih spojeva (vitamina, polifenola, karotenoida) i sadržaja esencijalnih minerala, dijetalnih vlakana, uz niski glikemijski indeks korijena. Sastav i koncentracija specijaliziranih biljnih metabolita su promjenjivi, zbog utjecaja genotipa, ekoloških uvjeta uzgoja i gnojidbe, što predstavlja problem u proizvodnji povrća kao funkcionalne hrane, od koje se očekuje ujednačena hranidbena i zdravstvena vrijednost. S obzirom na povećan interes za proizvodnjom batata stabilne antioksidacijske aktivnosti te malobrojne rezultate o toj problematici, uočena je potreba istraživanja utjecaja sorte i rastuće gnojidbe posebice kalijem na komponente prinosa, udio polifenola i antioksidacijsku aktivnost korijena i lista batata, u cilju dobivanja smjernica tehnologije uzgoja batata povećanih nutritivnih vrijednosti i ujednačene kvalitete. S tim ciljem je u SZ Hrvatskoj na Pokusno-pokaznom polju u Varaždinu, provedeno dvogodišnje istraživanje, radi utvrđivanja smjernica tehnologije uzgoja batata veće funkcionalne vrijednosti. Tijekom 2008. i 2009. godine postavljeni su istovjetni dvofaktorijalni poljski pokusi po metodi slučajnog bloknog rasporeda u četiri ponavljanja. Prvi faktor je sorta u dvije razine (ʹBatʹ i ʹBoniatoʹ), i drugi gnojidba dušikom i kalijem u tri razine (kontrolna gnojidba odnos N i K 1:1, druga razina odnos N i K 1:2,5 i treća odnos N i K 1:5). Tijekom istraživanja s obzirom na sortu i rastuću gnojidbu dušikom i kalijem ostvareni su u obje godine veći prinosi korijena m-2 (ʹBatʹ 2,78 do 4,67 kg i ʹBoniatoʹ 2,70 do 4,92 kg) i lista (ʹBatʹ 1,82 do 3,73 kg i ʹBoniatoʹ 3,68 do 5,33 kg) veći postotak K u korijenu (ʹBatʹ 1,49 do 2,34 % i ʹBoniatoʹ 1,20 do 1,81%) i listu (ʹBatʹ 2,22 do 3,20 % i ʹBoniatoʹ 2,72 do 3,68 %), veći postotak N u korijenu (ʹBatʹ 1,49 do 1,80 % i ʹBoniatoʹ 1,55 do 1,83 %) i listu (ʹBatʹ 3,16 do 3,73 % i ʹBoniatoʹ 3,04 do 3,38 %),veći udio krupnije frakcije korijena (ʹBatʹ 17,29 do 19,86% i ʹBoniatoʹ 9,61 do 17,79 %), veći udio ukupnih polifenola korijena sorte ʹBatʹ (3,75 do 16,08 mg GAE g-1 st) i ORAC vrijednosti korijena (ʹBatʹ 15,10 do 73,03 µmol TE g-1 st) i veći udio flavonoida u listu (ʹBatʹ 8,27 do 11,58 mg g-1 ST i ʹBoniatoʹ 9,59 do 20,61 mg g-1 ST), dok je udio ukupnih polifenola u listu (ʹBatʹ 49,68 do 50,25 i ʹBoniatoʹ 51,77 do 53,31 mg g-1 ST) i ORAC vrijednosti (ʹBatʹ 402,50 do 422,17 µmol TE g-1 ST i ʹBoniatoʹ 439,90 do 474,96 µmol TE g-1 ST) bio veći u drugoj godini istraživanja. Obje sorte su uz veću razinu gnojidbe dale veće prinose korijena i lista, veći udio N, sirovih proteina, K, dok je udio ukupnih polifenola i antioksidacijska aktivnost bila značajno veća u listu u odnosu na korijen kod obje razine gnojidbe.Sweet potato (lat. Ipomoea batatas) is a vegetable species of extremely high nutritional value of roots and leaves. It belongs to a group of functional foods because of the significant amount of specialized herbal metabolites, antioxidants (vitamins, polyphenols, carotenoids) and the content of essential minerals, dietary fibres, with low glycaemic root index. Polyphenol compounds include a large group of specialized plant metabolites that contribute to better organoleptic and nutritional components of vegetables and fruits. Specialized secondary herbal metabolites are compounds synthesized in plants as secondary metabolic products in the interaction of plants with agro-environmental conditions. Specialized metabolites differ according to the chemical structure and their function in the organism. In food, specialized metabolites are most often defined as natural non-nutritional food ingredients, which have health-beneficial effects if consumed in adequate quantities. Moreover, antioxidants play an important role in human nutrition due to the strong function of protecting the body and boosting the immune system. By consuming foods rich in antioxidants, we help the body fight against various diseases caused by free radicals. The composition and concentration of specialized plant metabolites are variable due to the influence of genotypes, ecological conditions of cultivation and fertilization, which presents a problem in the production of vegetables as a functional food, which is expected to have a consistent nutritional and health value. The functional value of food is found in products that, besides basic nutritional value, have a positive effect on human health, preventing and reducing the risk of developing certain diseases. Due to the content of specialized metabolites, sweet potato is classified into functional foods because besides being a good source of minerals and vitamins, it supplies the body with important antioxidants. Antioxidants are produced in the cells or are introduced into our body through food intake, and function in several ways: they prevent the formation of new free radicals in the body, they destroy the radicals created in the body, or repair damage in the cells created by the action of free radicals. Oxidative stress implies a shift of balance in cellular oxidationreduction reactions in the direction of oxidation. Oxidative stress causes excessive formation of free radicals of oxygen, resulting in the loss of balance in creating free radicals and the inability of a cell to disintegrate them, and causing changes related to cell damage. The root and leaf consumption of sweet potatoes is associated with various positive physiological effects on health, such as antioxidant activity, ant mutagenicity, anti cancerogenicity, antimicrobial activity, and antidiabetic effect. Functional values of the sweet potato prompted producers to commercially breed sweet potato, as a new vegetable crop in Croatia. Due to the increased interest in the production of sweet potato with stable antioxidant activity and a small number of results on this problem, the need to investigate cultivar influence and growing fertilization, especially potassium on yield components, polyphenol concentrations and antioxidant activity of its root and leaf, has been recognized. With this aim, a two-year research was conducted in the Experimental-demonstration field in Varazdin to determine the guidelines for the breeding technology of equally balanced but nutritional and functional values of the sweet potato. During 2008 and 2009, identical twofactor polymorphisms were set up according to the method of randomized complete block design with four repetitions. The first factor is the variety in two steps, and the second fertilization with nitrogen and potassium in three steps. Two types of fertilization (ʹBatʹ and ʹBoniatoʹ) and two increased fertilization levels (500 and 1000 kg ha-1 NPK 7:14:21) were carried out with the addition of potassium salt K2SO4 to achieve a ratio of N:K 1:2.5 and 1: 5t. As a control variant, a lower fertilization level was used with the ratio N:K 1:1 with 250 kg ha-1 NPK 15:15:15. Transplant production with a lump of substrate in polystyrene containers was organized in the protected area of the Department of Vegetable Crops of the Faculty of Agriculture. Planting was carried out in mid-May, with 2 plants per m2 on raised bed covered with PE film, or 40 plants per basic parcel of 20 m2. Sweet potato transplants were planted manually on a 1.2 m spacing distance and a 0.4 m line spacing, enabling 2 plants per square meter. Fertilization was performed prior to machine shaping and setting of PE film. Temperatures and rainfall were monitored daily on CDA devices. Thirty-sixty days after planting, leaves and stems were counted on each plot, and the length of the stem and leaf area index was measured, while the total yield of leaf mass and root was weighed at the end of the vegetation. After the roots’ transport and storage, individual weighing of each root was performed, in order to calculate the share of individual root fractions and the influence of variety and fertilization on root size and marketable yield. The reference root and leaf sample were analyzed on the content of dry weigh, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at the Faculty of Agriculture, while total and individual polyphenols and antioxidant activity were analyzed at the Faculty of Food Technology at the Department of Biochemical Engineering. During the study, the validity of varieties was affirmed, along with fertilizers and their interaction on the amount of dry weigh in the leaf in both research years (ʹBatʹ 5.97 to 7.34 %, ʹBoniatoʹ 5.81 to 7.29 %), on raw protein in the leaf (ʹBatʹ 18.43 to 23.34 %, ʹBoniatoʹ 18.81 to 21.13 %), the total amount of N in the leaf (ʹBatʹ 2.95 to 3.74 %, ʹBoniatoʹ 3.04 to 3.38 %), (ʹBatʹ 0.22 to 0.33 %, ʹBoniatoʹ 0.21 to 0.34 %), quantity of K in the leaf (ʹBatʹ 2.22 to 3.20 %, ʹBoniatoʹ 2.23 to 3.68 %). The values of the antioxidant activity of the leaf and total polyphenols of the ʹBatʹ variety were growing (80.07 to 121.27 μmol Trolox g-1 DW, that is 14.38 to 23.17 mg GAE g-1 DW in 2008 and 396.87 to 422 , 2 μmol TE g-1 DW, or 48.52 to 50.25 mg GAE g-1 DW in 2009) and the ʹBoniatoʹ variety values were falling (in 2008, 126 to 104 μmol TE g-1 DW, ie 22,03 to 20,58 mg GAE g-1 DW and increased in 2009 to 396.38 to 474.96 μmol TE g-1 DW, that is 50.02 to 53.31 mg GAE g-1 DW). There were higher values of individual and total flavonoids in the leaf (ʹBatʹ 8.27 to 11.58 mg g-1 DW and ʹBoniatoʹ 9.56 to 20.61 mg g-1 DW). In the roots, bigger amounts of dry weigh were found in both research years (ʹBatʹ 14.50 to 25.28 %, ʹBoniatoʹ 16.15 to 23.64 %), as well as raw protein in the root (ʹBatʹ 9.18 to 11.25 %, ʹBoniatoʹ 8.56 to 11.44 %), the total amount of N in the root (ʹBatʹ 1.47 to 1.80 %, ʹBoniatoʹ 1.37 to 1.83 %), the amount of P in the root (ʹBatʹ 0.15 to 0.28 %, ʹBoniatoʹ 0.19 to 0.27 %), the amount of K in the root (ʹBatʹ 1.49 to 2.34 %, ʹBoniatoʹ 1.18 to 1.81 %). The values of the antioxidant activity of root and total polyphenols of the Bat variety were growing (9.26 to 17.40 μmol TE g-1 fw, that is 2.30 to 4.32 mg GAE g-1 fw in 2008 and 48.73 to 61,56 μmol TE g-1 fw, or 13.03 to 16.08 mg GAE g-1 fw in 2009). The values of the ʹBoniatoʹ variety were falling (30.69 to 20.34 μmol TE g-1 fw, or 7.62 to 5.05 mg GAE g-1 fw in 2008, and in 2009 51.00 to 48.08 μmol TE g-1 fw, while polyphenols were growing 11.88 to 13.02 mg GAE g-1 fw). During the study, varying impact of variety and fertilization and their interaction with morphological properties (length of stem, number of stems, leaf counts and leaf area index) was determined, with ʹBoniatoʹ variety having significantly higher values compared to the ʹBatʹ variety. The length of stem thirty days after planting (ʹBatʹ 27.68 to 29.90 cm, ʹBoniatoʹ 30.00 to 31.88 cm), number of stems (ʹBatʹ 1.57 to 1.80, ʹBoniatoʹ 1.63 to 1.80 ), number of leaves (ʹBatʹ 21.93 to 25.78, ʹBoniatoʹ 28.88 to 40.45), leaf area index (ʹBatʹ 200.40 to 235.63 cm2, ʹBoniato ʹ263.93 to 369.73 cm2). The length of stem sixty days after planting was (ʹBatʹ 50.93 to 61.45 cm, ʹBoniatoʹ 59.83 to 63.78 cm), number of stems (ʹBatʹ 12.80 to 15.38, ʹBoniatoʹ 15.40 to 18.28), number of leaves (ʹBatʹ 219.30 to 255.25, ʹBoniatoʹ 313.93 to 369.00), leaf area index (ʹBatʹ 2004.40 to 2330.70 cm2, ʹBoniatoʹ 2869.25 to 3305.95 cm2). In both years, variety and fertilization interactions provided higher root yields per m2 (ʹBatʹ 2,78 to 4,67 kg and ʹBoniatoʹ 2,70 to 4,92 kg) and leaves (ʹBatʹ 1,82 to 3,73 kg and ʹBoniatoʹ 3,68 to 5,33 kg), a higher share of a larger root fraction (ʹBatʹ 17.29 to 19.86 % and ʹBoniatoʹ 9.61 to 17.79 %) and a higher share of the total marketable root (ʹBatʹ 89.78 to 91,12 % and ʹBoniatoʹ 83.77 to 87.68 % in 2008 and in 2009 ʹBatʹ 78.1 to 86.57 % and ʹBoniatoʹ 87.80 to 90.95 %). Higher level of fertilization in both varieties gave higher roots and leaf yields, higher percentage of dry weigh and crude protein, higher amounts of N, P and K, and bigger quantities of larger roots fractions. Total and individual polyphenols and antioxidant activity were variable (higher in ʹBatʹ variety and slightly lower in ʹBoniatoʹ variety), but significantly higher in the leaf of both varieties compared to the root

Individual Professional Practice in the Company

Import 23/08/2017Cílem této bakalářské práce je popsat absolvování odborné praxe ve firmě HS Interactive s.r.o. Praxe byla zaměřena na vývoj mobilní aplikace pro operační systém Android. Aplikace je mobilním klientem pro sociální síť MatchToMe. V úvodu popisuji důvody, které vedly k výběru odborné praxe. Dále se věnuji úkolům, které mi byly zadány s jejich implementací a postupem řešení problémů, které se objevily při vývoji. Závěr práce je věnován zhodnocení získaných zkušeností a dosažených výsledků.Purpose of this bachelor thesis is to describe a professional practice in company HS Interactive s.r.o. Practice was focused on the development of mobile application for the operating system Android. The application is a mobile client for social network MatchToMe. In the introduction I describe reasons that led to the selection of professional practice. Then I describe tasks that I have been awarded with their implementations and process of solution issues that have emerged during development. The conclusion of thesis is dedicated to the evaluation of the experience gained and the results achieved.440 - Katedra telekomunikační technikyvýborn

Hepatitis C Virus Core-Derived Peptides Inhibit Genotype 1b Viral Genome Replication via Interaction with DDX3X

The protein DDX3X is a DEAD-box RNA helicase that is essential for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle. The HCV core protein has been shown to bind to DDX3X both in vitro and in vivo. However, the specific interactions between these two proteins and the functional importance of these interactions for the HCV viral life cycle remain unclear. We show that amino acids 16–36 near the N-terminus of the HCV core protein interact specifically with DDX3X both in vitro and in vivo. Replication of HCV replicon NNeo/C-5B RNA (genotype 1b) is significantly suppressed in HuH-7-derived cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions to HCV core protein residues 16–36, but not by GFP fusions to core protein residues 16–35 or 16–34. Notably, the inhibition of HCV replication due to expression of the GFP fusion to HCV core protein residues 16–36 can be reversed by overexpression of DDX3X. These results suggest that the protein interface on DDX3X that binds the HCV core protein is important for replicon maintenance. However, infection of HuH-7 cells by HCV viruses of genotype 2a (JFH1) was not affected by expression of the GFP fusion protein. These results suggest that the role of DDX3X in HCV infection involves aspects of the viral life cycle that vary in importance between HCV genotypes

Temporal Proteome and Lipidome Profiles Reveal Hepatitis C Virus-Associated Reprogramming of Hepatocellular Metabolism and Bioenergetics

Proteomic and lipidomic profiling was performed over a time course of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in cultured Huh-7.5 cells to gain new insights into the intracellular processes influenced by this virus. Our proteomic data suggest that HCV induces early perturbations in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the citric acid cycle, which favor host biosynthetic activities supporting viral replication and propagation. This is followed by a compensatory shift in metabolism aimed at maintaining energy homeostasis and cell viability during elevated viral replication and increasing cellular stress. Complementary lipidomic analyses identified numerous temporal perturbations in select lipid species (e.g. phospholipids and sphingomyelins) predicted to play important roles in viral replication and downstream assembly and secretion events. The elevation of lipotoxic ceramide species suggests a potential link between HCV-associated biochemical alterations and the direct cytopathic effect observed in this in vitro system. Using innovative computational modeling approaches, we further identified mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation enzymes, which are comparably regulated during in vitro infection and in patients with histological evidence of fibrosis, as possible targets through which HCV regulates temporal alterations in cellular metabolic homeostasis

Effects of the Microbubble Generation Mode on Hydrodynamic Parameters in Gas–Liquid Bubble Columns

The hydrodynamics parameters of microbubbles in a bubble column were studied in an air&ndash;water system with a range of superficial gas velocity from 0.013 to 0.100 m/s using a differential pressure transmitter, double probe optical fiber probe, and electrical resistance tomography (ERT) technique. Two kinds of microbubble generators (foam gun, sintered plate) were used to generate microbubbles in the bubble column with a diameter of 90 mm, and to compare the effects of different foaming methods on the hydrodynamics parameters in the bubble column. The hydrodynamic behavior of the homogeneous regime and the transition regime was also studied. The results show that, by changing the microbubble-generating device, the hydrodynamic parameters in the column are changed, and both microbubble-generating devices can obtain a higher gas holdup and a narrower chord length distribution. When the foam gun is used as the gas distributor, a higher gas holdup and a narrower average bubble chord length can be obtained than when the sintered plate is used as the gas distributor. In addition, under different operating conditions, the relative frequency distribution of the chord length at different radial positions is mainly concentrated in the interval of 0&ndash;5 mm, and it is the highest in the center of the column

An environmentally friendly acylation reaction of 2-methylnaphthalene in solvent-free condition in a micro-channel reactor

An efficient and solvent-free acylation of 2-methylnaphthalene (2-MN) is presented using acid chloride as both the acylating agent and solvent in a micro channel reactor. The effect of the catalyst, reactant ratio, mixing temperature, reaction temperature and reaction time on the product yield and selectivity was investigated. At room temperature with a reaction time of only 15 min, the target product, 2-methyl-6-propionylnaphthalene (2,6-MPN), was obtained in 72.3% yield with 73.8% selectivity, and 2-methyl-6-acetylnaphthalene (2,6-MAN) was obtained in 54.1% yield with 55.4% selectivity. The route of synthesis provides a more environmentally friendly and efficient method to prepare 2,6-MPN with no other toxic solvents and efficient mass transfer and heat transfer

Preparation, Characteristics, and Application of Bifunctional TiO2 Sheets

TiO2 is a high-reflectance material for preparing sheets during dry reagent chemical tests in detail. In this study, bifunctional TiO2 sheets with diffusive and reflective properties were prepared using TiO2 microspheres (particle size 2&ndash;3 &micro;m) and cellulose acetate (CA). Factors such as the CA dosage, water content, mixing time, and the choice of surfactant were investigated. The structure and properties of the bifunctional TiO2 sheets were characterized by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DAT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic contact angle test and reflectance spectroscopy. By studying the above experimental results, it was concluded that the most optimal preparation conditions for preparing the bi-functional TiO2 sheets under natural drying conditions were as follows: the mass ratio of CA to TiO2 microspheres was 0.05:1; Triton-100 was used to improve the diffusion performance of the bifunctional sheets, after mixing for 5 h and coating. The light reflectivity of the bifunctional TiO2 sheets in the 420 to 800 nm range was higher than 90%. Serum diffused in the bifunctional TiO2 sheets reacted in the reagent sheets and formed uniform colorful spots. Considering the repeatability of spot proportion and light reflectivity, the sheet offered a uniform serum diffusion and good repeatability. So, the bifunctional TiO2 sheets are nominated as a promising material for dry chemical diagnostic reagents