Competition for the International Pool of Talent: Education Policy and Student Mobility

This paper presents a model of two countries competing for a pool of students from the rest of the world (ROW). In equilibrium, one country offers high educational quality for high tuition fees, while the other country provides a low quality and charges low fees. The quality in the high quality country, the tuition fees, and the quality and tuition fee differential between the countries increase with the income prospects in ROW and the number of international students. Higher stay rates of foreign students lead to more ambiguous results. In particular, an increase in educational quality can be accompanied by a decline in tuition fees. Furthermore, international competition for students can give rise to a brain gain in ROW.Higher education; student mobility; vertical quality dierentiation; return migration; brain gain

Competition for the International Pool of Talents : Education Policy with Student Mobility

The paper presents a model of two countries competing for the international pool of talented students from the rest of the world. To relax tuition-fee competition, countries differentiate their education systems in equilibrium. While one country offers high education quality at high charges for students - the most talented ones study in this country - the other one provides lower quality and charges lower tuition fees. The regional quality-differentiation increases with the size of the international pool of talents, with the stay rate of foreign students in the host countries upon graduation and with the degree of development of the sending countries of foreign students. Compared to the welfare-maximizing education-policy, the decentralized solution is likely to imply an inefficient allocation of foreign students to the two host countries, as well as an inefficient quality differentiation.higher education, student mobility, vertical quality differentiation, return migration

A Note on Brain Gain and Brain Drain: Permanent Migration and Education Policy

In this note, we present a novel channel for a brain gain. Students from a developing country study in a developed host country. A higher permanent migration probability of these students appears to be a brain drain for the developing country in the first place. However, it induces the host country to improve its education quality, as a larger share of the generated benefits accrue in this host country. A higher education quality raises in turn the human capital of the returning students. As long as the permanent migration probability is not too large, this positive effect causes both aggregate and per-capita human capital to increase in the developing country. Thus, a brain gain occurs.brain gain, education policy, human capital, return migration

Integration of a Local Search Operator into Evolutionary Algorithms for VLSI-Model Partitioning

The application of Evolutionary Algorithms in hierarchical model partitioning for parallel system simulation in VLSI design processes has proven to be successful. Thereby, individuals embody partitions of hardware designs. On the basis of a formal model of parallel cycle simulation a fitness function is chosen combining load balancing and interprocessor communication aspects. As supplement to the concept of superposition we introduce a Local Search Operator to achieve a fast decreasing fitness function during evolution. This operator is based on a modification of a classical iterative partitioning algorithm by Fiduccia-Mattheyses. Results are shown for the partitioning of two real processor models, representing the PowerPC 604 and an IBM S/390 processor

Digraph applications

Call number: LD2668 .R4 1965 H37

A rapid-screening approach to detect and quantify microplastics based on fluorescent tagging with Nile Red

A new approach is presented for analysis of microplastics in environmental samples, based on selective fluorescent staining using Nile Red (NR), followed by density-based extraction and filtration. The dye adsorbs onto plastic surfaces and renders them fluorescent when irradiated with blue light. Fluorescence emission is detected using simple photography through an orange filter. Image-analysis allows fluorescent particles to be identified and counted. Magnified images can be recorded and tiled to cover the whole filter area, allowing particles down to a few micrometres to be detected. The solvatochromic nature of Nile Red also offers the possibility of plastic categorisation based on surface polarity characteristics of identified particles. This article details the development of this staining method and its initial cross-validation by comparison with infrared (IR) microscopy. Microplastics of different sizes could be detected and counted in marine sediment samples. The fluorescence staining identified the same particles as those found by scanning a filter area with IR-microscopy

Cone-basierte, hierarchische Modellpartitionierung zur parallelen compilergesteuerten Logiksimulation beim VLSI-Design

Eine wichtige Form der Verifkation von komplette Prozessorstrukturen umfassenden VLSI-Entwürfen stellt die funktionelle Logiksimulation auf Gatter- und Register-Ebene dar. Im Kontext der Entwicklung eines parallelen Logiksimulationssystems auf Basis des nach dem clock-cycle-Algorithmus arbeitenden funktionellen Simulators TEXSIM (IBM) ist die der parallelen Simulation vorangehende Modellpartitionierung Gegenstand der Betrachtung. Ausgehend von einem strukturellen Hardware-Modell wird auf der Basis des Cone-Begriffs ein zweistufiger hierarchischer Partitionierungsansatz im Rahmen einer k-stufigen Strategie vorgestellt. Dieser Ansatz gibt Untersuchungen zur Kombination von Algorithmen Raum. Ein Superpositionsprinzip für Partitionen gestattet die Verschmelzung der Resultate von Partitionierungsverfahren einer Hierarchiestufe. Mit dem Backward-Cone-Concentration-Algorithmus (n-BCC) und dem Minimum-Overlap-Cone-Cluster-Algorithmus (MOCC) werden im Rahmen unseres bottom-up-Partitionierungsansatzes zwei neue Modellpartitionierungsverfahren eingeführt