Differences in the Composition of Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) Reagents Affect Clot Waveform Analysis

Background Clot waveform analysis (CWA) based on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is a useful assay for hemostasis. However, the effects of activators and phospholipid conditions on CWA have not been adequately investigated. Therefore, we characterized CWA using four different APTT reagents. Methods: We used 39 archived plasma samples from patients with hemophilia A (HA), 16 samples from patients with HA under emicizumab treatment, and 10 samples from healthy individuals for CWA with four different types of APTT reagents (reagents A, B, C, and D). We then compared Ad|min1|, Ad|min2|, and Ad|max2| from the CWA, which reflect the maximum velocity, maximum acceleration, and maximum deceleration, respectively, among the four reagents. Results: Similar clot waveform shapes were observed for each reagent in the healthy donor group, HA group, and HA under emicizumab group, and the waveform was different for each target group. Significant changes were found in clotting time (CT) (s), Ad|min1| (%/s), Ad|min2| (%/s2), and Ad|max2| (%/s2). The waveform pattern for the coagulation reaction by reagent D, comprising silica and synthetic phospholipids, was the fastest among the reagents examined. Further, the difference in Ad|min1| (%/s) and Ad|min2| (%/s2) was larger than that in CT depending on the reagent used(s), indicating that the measured value of CWA was affected by the reagent composition. Conclusion: Our results showed a significant difference among reagents with varying composition and concentration; this was found to affect the parameters obtained from CWA. Thus, the differences between reagents hinder standardization of quantitative evaluation using these parameters; further, this highlights the necessity of understanding the characteristics of APTT reagents and determining the reference range in individual facilities

9-[(E)-2-(4,4,5,5-Tetra­methyl-1,3,2-dioxa­borolan-2-yl)ethen­yl]-9H-carbazole

The title compound, C20H22BNO2, is a simple olefinic compound which carries both B and N atoms that are trans to one another. The π-conjugated system of the compound is considered to be isoelectronic with 1,3-butadiene. There are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit in which the environments around the boron atoms are essentially planar (r.m.s. deviations of 0.0032 and 0.0021 Å for the BO2C planes). The dihedral angles of the olefinic planes with the boron planes are 5.70 (11) and 9.74 (9)°, respectively, while the dihedral angles of the olefinic planes with the carbazole planes are 19.37 (3) and 10.74 (6)°. These dihedral angles are consistent with those in 9-ethenylcarbazole and an ethenylboronic ester derivative. The N—Csp 2, B—Csp 2 and C=C bond lengths suggest that the contribution of the canonical structure can be described as N+=C—C=B−

Global modelling of tungsten impurity transport based on the drift-kinetic equation, Nuclear Fusion

A global kinetic simulation model of collisional impurity transport is developed for evaluating the radial particle flux of tungsten impurity in the edge region of a tokamak plasma. Here, the plasma including the impurity and the background ion is presupposed to be quasi-steady. The simulation model is based on the drift-kinetic equation of the impurity affected by the friction force and the thermal force, which were formulated in the previous study (Homma et al 2016 Nucl. Fusion 56 036009). The model is implemented in a drift-kinetic simulation code. We find that the magnetic drift term in the drift-kinetic equation causes the \u27global effect\u27 on the impurity transport. Here, the global effect means that the solution of the drift-kinetic equation (and also the radial particle flux) on a magnetic flux surface is influenced by the values of the solution all over the edge region

長野県産野生シカ肉と加工品の衛生評価

In this study, an examination was made on the hygiene in domestically-consumed frozen meat of wild deer captured by hunters. In addition, examination was made on the hygiene of meat products, such as the preparation of dried venison using domestic food dryers. In some frozen venison, coliform group, E. coli and Salmonella were detected. It is thought that in the most contaminated venison, intestinal bacteria from the digestive organs which were damaged when the bullet penetrated the flank at the time of capture, adhered to the dressed carcass. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful not to make abdomen damage at capture even if for autologous consumption. It is important sanitarily to prevent bacteria from increasing by carrying out management of dismantling treatments, time, temperature after the capture thoroughly. 　In dried venison prepared using the domestic food dryer, Salmonella was not detected; however, coliform group and E. coli were detected. Although the temperature of the food dryer was set at the maximum of 68℃ for 4 hours, it is thought that this method did not meet the temperature or time requirement in annihilating coliform and E.coli. When preparation of dried foods is made using meat which has a high degree of contamination, consideration must be given to the thickness of the food product as well as the density within the machine during the drying process, etc

Analysis of Acute Transfusion Reactions and Their Occurrence Times

Acute transfusion reactions (ATRs) are significantly relevant to the morbidity and mortality of patients. ATRs are mostly not severe and rarely cause severe conditions, including anaphylactic shock. The aim of this study was to clarify the frequency of ATRs and the time of event occurrence. A total of 18,745 transfusions were administered to 11,718 patients during a 3-year period. Adverse reactions including at least one sign or symptom were collected through a report system in 143 of 2,478 (5.7%) platelet concentrate transfusions, 105 of 6,629 (1.6%) red blood cell component transfusions and 51 of 2,307 (2.2%) fresh frozen plasma transfusions. Allergic signs and symptoms accounted for 70% of all adverse events. Severe signs and symptoms were observed in 7.1% of patients. These events appeared significantly earlier than those of non-severe signs and symptoms (median time 20 min vs 100 min, P < 0.05). For patients who have had repetitive transfusion-associated adverse events, preventive treatments for adverse events should be proactively promoted

グリシンナトリウムがハンバーグの嗜好性および保存性に与える影響

Because of its powerful preservative effects, glycine is used for various purposes including daily prepared foods on shelves. And glycine sodium, which is a sodium salt of glycine, is known for its water retentivity and/or moisturizing effects in hams and sausages products. But it is not a permitted food additive. We first investigated how the glycine sodium affects the taste of hamburger steaks and also its preservative effect, and then obtained the following results: 1) When 0.1% of glycine sodium was added to a hamburger steak, the moisturizing effect was the highest and its taste was most preferred. 2) When 0.1% of glycine sodium was added to a hamburger steak, however, no preservative effect was seen, while 0.2% showed a degree of oreservative effect but none of the gustatory effects

Structure-activity relations of rosmarinic acid derivatives for the amyloid β aggregation inhibition and antioxidant properties

Amyloid-β aggregation inhibitors are expected to be therapeutic or prophylactic agents for Alzheimer\u27s disease. Rosmarinic acid, which is one of the main aggregation inhibitors derived from Lamiaceae, was employed as a lead compound and its 25 derivatives were synthesized. In this study,the structure-activity relations of rosmarinic acid derivatives for the amyloid-β aggregation inhibitory effect (MSHTS assay), antioxidant properties, and xanthine oxidase inhibition were evaluated. Among the tested compounds, compounds 16d and 19 were found to the most potent amyloid aggregation inhibitors. The SAR revealed that the necessity of the presence of the phenolic hydroxyl on one side of the molecule as well as the lipophilicity of the entire molecule. The importance of these structural properties was also supported by docking simulations