Faktor-faktor peminjaman bahasa asing ke dalam bahasa Arab: satu kajian linguistik sejarawi

This linguistic study investigates the incorporation of loan words into Arabic and discusses in detail those factors that influence such incorporation. Among the main influencing factors that were previously mentioned by Arabic language and linguistics scholars are trading, political, social and religious factor. The six major factors contributed to the occupation of foreign words into Arabic language are discussed here. All these factors play direct and indirect roles in giving rise and existence to the use of foreign words into Arabic. The researcher believes that the most influential factor contributing to the existence of loan words into Arabic is the translation factor

Sejarah dan asal-usul bahasa Arab: satu kajian linguistik sejarawi

This study focuses on the linguistic history of the origin of the Arabic language. This is because until today, the origin of Arabic is still being discussed and studied by the Eastern and Western intellects. This paper will also be discussing the Arabic language that originated from the Semitic language. In this study, the author needs to discuss opinions from Arabic linguistic experts and Western intellects regarding the location and language used by the Samiyyah people. In addition, this paper will also prove that the early location of the Samiyyah people is in the Arab peninsular and the earliest language used was also Arabic language

Peranan media internet Arab dalam meningkatkan kemahiran mendengar dan membaca di kalangan pelajar Melayu: suatu tinjauan

The purpose of this article is the use of websites in Arabic language, mainly "http://eyenoon.fares.net, http://www.sendbad.net/, http://www.alsaha.com". The researcher will compare those websites from the linguistic aspects and the acquisition information. In addition, the researcher will also focus on two languages skills such as listening and reading which can be accessed from the internet media. Browsing the selected websites such as http://www.islampedia.com/, http://islamway.com can greatly enhance these two skills. The researcher believes that the information gathered from the article will enable readers to develop ideas and knowledge in the study and teaching of the Arabic language in Malaysia, in lini od the multimedia development in era globalization

Equivalent Malay-Arabic data corpus collection

This paper aims to introduce a search strategy and collecting comparable sentences of Arab-Malay corpus data. This method was introduced for the use of students, researchers and amateur translators to search and compare the structure of sentences in Arabic and Malay. The first stage is to collect data corpus with high impact titles from the press and must be able to enlarge the scope of study as stated by Maia (2003). The second stage is to search using the specified key words based on selected high-impact titles such as the Football World Cup year 2010 and 2014. Data search is by using Webcorp engine http://www.webcorp.org.uk/live/ corpus and also open database Google https://www.google.com. The third stage is to filter the data by using Aker et.al (2012) and Braschler's (1998) method based on similar story, related story and similar aspects. At the fourth stage every category is measured by Guidere's (2002) equivalence strength which is strong comparability (SC), medium (MC) and weak (WC). At the last stage comparable sentences between the two languages are compiled in parallel according to Mona Baker’s (1992) level of grouping which are sentence level, combination of words, grammatical, pragmatic and textual level. The result from data analysis based on Mona Baker and Vinay - Darbelnet’s (1995) comparable theory proved the existence of some sentences in large quantities are on the same level of comparability from the point of information delivery. This can be used as the basis of additional evidence concerning the validity of 'universal theory.' in the science of translation

Acoustic echo cancellation using adaptive filtering algorithms for quranic accents (Qiraat) identification

Echoed parts of Quranic accent (Qiraat) signals are exposed to reverberation of signals especially if they are listened to in a conference room or the Quranic recordings found in different media such as the web. Quranic verse rules identification/Tajweed are prone to additive noise and may reduce classification results. This research work aims to present our work towards Quranic accents (Qiraat) identification, which emphasizes on acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) of all echoed Quranic signals during the preprocessing phase of the system development. In order to conduct the AEC, three adaptive algorithms known as affine projection (AP), least mean square (LMS), and recursive least squares (RLS) are used during the preprocessing phase. Once clean Quranic signals are produced, they undergo feature extraction and pattern classification phases. The Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients is the most widely used technique for feature extraction and is adopted in this research work, whereas probabilities principal component analysis (PPCA), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and gaussian mixture model (GMM) are used for pattern classification. In order to verify our methodology, audio files have been collected for Surat Ad-Duhaa for five different Quranic accents (Qiraat), namely: (1) Ad-Duri, (2) Al-Kisaie, (3) Hafs an A’asem, (4) IbnWardan, and (5) Warsh. Based on our experimental results, the AP algorithm achieved 93.9 % accuracy rate against all pattern classification techniques including PPCA, KNN, and GMM. For LMS and RLS, the achieved accuracy rates are different for PPCA, KNN, and GMM, whereby LMS with PPCA and GMM achieved the same accuracy rate of 96.9 %; however, LMS with KNN achieved 84.8 %. In addition, RLS with PPCA and GMM achieved the same accuracy rate of 90.9 %; however, RLS with KNN achieved 78.8 %. Therefore, the AP adaptive algorithm is able to reduce the echo of Quranic accents (Qiraat) signals in a consistent manner against all pattern classification techniques

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely