Aspartat Amino Transferase-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), Kadar Bilirubin dan Venektasi Penderita Kolestasis Anak di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang

Aspartat amino transferase (AST)-platelet ratio index (APRI), bilirubin level and venectation of the pediatric cholestatic patient in Kariadi Hospital SemarangBackground: Cholestasis occurs when there is obstruction in the secretion of various substances, causing substances retention in the liver and cause damage to liver cells. The number of patients with cholestasis in infants and children is increasing, but diagnosis is still problematic. The purpose of this study is to describe cholestatic patients in Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang and to define correlation between APRI, bilirubin level, and venectation.Method: A retrospective study was conducted in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang from December 2010 until January 2012. Discriptive analysis was used to analyse data and Spearman Brown correlation was used to analyse correlation between APRI, bilirubin level, and venectation.Result: From December 2010 to January 2012 there were 29 patients with cholestasis. For 10 patient (34%) the cause of cholestatic problem could not be found. From 19 patient that were diagnosed, the most common cause of cholestasis in this group is cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, followed by billiary atresia and cholelithiasis. In this study the AST-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) of the subjects were between 0.26 and 11.09, with mean of 3.23. There was no correlation between the degree of liver fibrosis as measured using the APRI with high levels of bilirubin (r=0.36; p=0.58) and venectation in the subject (r=0.47; p=0.14).Conclusion: Patients with cholestasis in Dr. Kariadi Hospital were mostly under 2 years old and the most common cause are CMV infection. There was no correlation between the degree of liver fibrosis with bilirubin, which is one of parameter in determining the prognosis of patients with end stage liver disease, and venectation. Although APRI is sensitive to detect liver fibrosis but it is not sensitive to determine the degree of liver damage

Ameliorative Effect of Infused Watercress on Rat Galactopoiesis Following Maternal Separation

Galactopoiesis is the maintenance of milk production. The process that regulated primarily by prolactin hormone. The research was conducted to evaluate galactopoiesis activity by measuring prolactin level and milk production continuity of lactating rats after oral administration of infused watercress. Twenty lactating rats were randomly divided into five groups (two control groups and three variations of infused watercress dose groups). Serum prolactin was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Milk yield was measured using indirect milk measurement method by Sampson and Jansen. Milk protein level was measured using Kjedahl method. The treatment of infused watercress (10 g/kg body weight), started from postnatal day 3 until 12, indicated ameliorative effect on rat galactopoiesis by increasing milk yield and prolactin levels, but not milk total protein

THE EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE INTRAVAGINAL DEVICE AND GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ON FERTILITY IN POSTPARTUM DAIRY COWS

ABSTRACT The study was carried out to determine the effect of progesterone intravaginal devices and gonadotropin releasing hormone on fertility in postpartum dairy cows. Thirty two postpartum dairy cows having body condition score 3 – 4 were used in this study. The cows were devided randomly into 4 groups. Group I (CIDR 9 d), lI (CIDR 9 d + GnRH), DI (CIDR 15 (1), and IV (CIDR 15 d + GnRH). The GnRH was given at the time of insemination. The result of this study showed that the retention of CIDR devices and estrous induction was 100%. Estrous induction recorded on groups I, 11, BI and IV were 49.50 ± 1.51 ; 49.25 ± 1.67 ; 48.75 ± 1.28 ; 48.25 ± 1.04 hours, respectively. The pregnancy rate on groups I, II, III, and IV were 62.5 % ; 75.0 % 50.0 % ; 62.5 % respectively, no significantly different between groups (P>0.05). However, the mean milk progesterone concentration which take on day 7 of group II, had significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the other groups. It can be concluded that progesterone intravaginal devices and administration of GnRH at the time of AI could be used for induction of estrous and ovulation in dairy cows. Key word: Progesterone, GnRH, Fertility, Postpasrtum Dairy Cow

The Effect of Progesterone Intravaginal Device and Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone on Fertility in Postpartum Dairy Cows

The study was carried out to determine the effect of progesterone intravaginal devices and gonadotropin releasing hormone on fertility in postpartum dairy cows. Thirty two postpartum dairy cows having body condition score 3 – 4 were used in this study. The cows were devided randomly into 4 groups. Group I (CIDR 9 d), lI (CIDR 9 d + GnRH), DI (CIDR 15 (1), and IV (CIDR 15 d + GnRH). The GnRH was given at the time of insemination. The result of this study showed that the retention of CIDR devices and estrous induction was 100%. Estrous induction recorded on groups I, 11, BI and IV were 49.50 ± 1.51 ; 49.25 ± 1.67 ; 48.75 ± 1.28 ; 48.25 ± 1.04 hours, respectively. The pregnancy rate on groups I, II, III, and IV were 62.5 % ; 75.0 % 50.0 % ; 62.5 % respectively, no significantly different between groups (P>0.05). However, the mean milk progesterone concentration which take on day 7 of group II, had significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the other groups. It can be concluded that progesterone intravaginal devices and administration of GnRH at the time of AI could be used for induction of estrous and ovulation in dairy cows

Peran Ibu Terhadap Durasi Diare Akut Anak Umur 6-24 Bulan Selama Perawatan

Latar belakang. Peran ibu (knowledge, attitude, practise) dalam menurunkan durasi diare akut anak selama perawatan sangat penting. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan � � � � � � pemerataan dan peningkatan upaya pencegahan, pemberantasan, dan tatalaksana diare anak sehingga peran ibu diharapkan dapat menurunkan durasi diare. Tujuan. Membuktikan hubungan antara peran ibu dengan durasi diare akut anak selama perawatan di RSUP dr. Kariadi, Semarang. Metode. Rancangan studi potong lintang dengan subjek ibu dan anaknya yang berumur 6-24 bulan yang dirawat di Bangsal Gastroenterohepatologi RSUP Dr. Kariadi, Semarang karena diare akut pada bulan Mei-Agustus 2011. Penilaian peran ibu (knowledge, attitude, practise) dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terpimpin, terdiri atas 15 pertanyaan dengan skor 0-15 untuk pengetahuan dan sikap, 0-45 untuk perilaku. Durasi diare adalah lama hari anak mengalami diare selama perawatan. Durasi pendek apabila dirawat selama 1-4 hari dan panjang >4 hari. Analisis statistik menggunakan analisis bivariat, untuk uji hipotesis dengan Spearman Rho Correlation Test. Hasil. Didapatkan 35 subjek selama periode penelitian. Korelasi skor total pengetahuan ibu terhadap durasi pendek selama perawatan diare didapatkan korelasi positif (0,169), sikap ibu didapatkan korelasi positif (0,220), praktek ibu didapatkan korelasi positif (0,012). Ketiganya dengan kekuatan korelasi lemah, dan untuk korelasi skor total KAP (knowledge, attitude, practise) ibu terhadap durasi pendek didapatkan korelasi positif (0,157) dengan kekuatan korelasi lemah. Kesimpulan. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara peran ibu dengan durasi diare akut anak selama perawatan

Status Gizi, Eosinofilia dan Kepadatan Parasit Malaria Anak Sekolah Dasar di Daerah Endemis Malaria

Latar belakang. Interaksi antara infeksi, status gizi dan imunitas telah lama diketahui, tetapi penelitian tentang interaksi ini di daerah endemis malaria masih terbatas. Tujuan. Bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kepadatan parasit malaria dengan status gizi, kadar hemoglobin dan respon eosinofilia pada anak sekolah dasar di daerah endemis malaria. Metode. Penelitian belah lintang pada anak SD yang dipilih secara cluster random sampling di Kabupaten Sumba Timur Nusa Tenggara Timur pada tahun 2003. Diambil data status gizi, kadar hemoglobin, kepadatan parasit malaria dan jumlah eosinofilia dari darah subjek. Hasil. Dari 137 anak (57 laki-laki dan 83 perempuan) dengan rerata umur (11,5 ± 1,37) tahun, didapatkan gizi kurang 63,6%. Tiga belas persen anak terdapat parasit malaria pada sediaan darah, eosinofilia pada 32,9% anak. Kepadatan parasit malaria tinggi 7,9%. Kepadatan parasit malaria tidak berhubungan dengan jenis kelamin, suku bangsa dan status gizi, tetapi kepadatan parasit malaria tinggi meningkatkan risiko anemia 2,1 kali (RP 2,1; 95% KI 1,6-2,8 ; p=0,006) dan tidak terjadinya respon eosinofilia 2,9 kali (RP 2,9; 95% KI 1,9-4,2 ; p=0,001) . Kesimpulan. Sebagian besar anak mempunyai status gizi kurang. Kepadatan parasit malaria tidak berhubungan dengan jenis kelamin, suku bangsa dan status gizi. Tetapi kepadatan parasit malaria yang tinggi akan meningkatkan risiko anemia 2,1 kali dan tidak adanya respon eosinofilia 2,9 kali