Efektivitas Pembelajaran Simulasi Komputer Pra Eksperimen untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Fisika di SMP Negeri 1 Ponorogo

Penelitian tentang efektivitas pembelajaran simulasi komputer pra eksperimen bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar fisika siswa SMP Negeri 1 Ponorogo, dan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep fisika melalui apa yang ia kerjakan. Desain yang digunakan yaitu pretest-posttest control group design dengan tujuan melihat pengaruh perlakuan yang berbeda pada subjek penelitian. Dalam penelitian ini dua kelas sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Sebelum diberikan materi pelajaran fisika kedua kelompok diobservasi aktivitas belajar awalnya untuk mengetahui bahwa kedua kelas tersebut homogen secara statistik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan: (1) Terdapat peningkatan aktivitas belajar fisika pada peserta didik yang lebih tinggi pada pembelajaran simulasi komputer pra eksperimen (23.67%) dibandingkan dengan peserta didik yang mengikuti pembelajaran eksperimen langsung (11.47%). (2) Pembelajaran fisika dengan metode simulasi komputer pra eksperimen lebih efektif meningkatkan aktivitas belajar peserta didik dibandingkan dengan yang mengikuti pembelajaran fisika dengan metode eksperimen langsung, dengan metode statistik uji T dapat diperoleh thit =39.71 > t =1.67 pada taraf signifikansi 95%

Pewarnaan nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) pada perubahan fibrokistik payudara.

In the past the fibrocystic change of breast was considered as a precancerous lesion, consequently the management of a fibrocystic patient was often overdone. Later, after thorough researches, it has been histologically (Page classification) proven that only small part of the changes have high risk to become invasive carcinoma. The leading factor which increases the risk is the grade of proliferation of the gland epithelia. AgNOR stain is a staining method to evaluate cell proliferation activity which has been proven as one of tools for the assessment of the prognosis of several malignant tumors including breast cancer. in this study the amount of AgNOR in fibrocystic change was studied based on Page classification. Nineteen fibrocystic cases classified by Page were stained with colloidal silver. NORs were counted manually. The mean of AgNOR of each classification, normal gland, and carcinoma was compared. There were significant differences of AgNOR count found between each classification, normal gland and carcinoma. The AgNOR count of non proliferative lesion were 2.074 ± 0.320, proliferative disease without atypia 2.416 ± 0.35, atypical hyperplasia 2.876 ± 0.249, normal gland 1.637 ± 0.330, and in carcinoma 4.407 ± 0.340. The result demonstrated that the AgNOR staining is a reliable marker for proliferation activity, and can differentiate atypical hyperplasia from carcinoma. The determination of AgNOR count can be done routinely to follow up and monitor the high risk lesions. Key words: fibrocystic change - Page classification - nucleolar organizer. Pada masa-masa lalu perubahan fibrokistik dianggap sebagai led prekanker, sehingga pengelolaan pasien sering berlebihan. Pada penelitian-peneltian kemudian, berdasarkan gambaran histologis (klasifikasi Page) hanya sebagian kecil saja perubahan fibrokistik yang berisiko tinggi untuk carcinoma invasif. Faktor yang paling berperan dalam peningkatan risiko adalah tingkat proliferasi sei epitelium kelenjar. Pewarnaan AgNOR adalah teknik untuk menilai aktivitas proliferasi sel yang sudah terbukti dapat membantu penentuan prognosis beberapa tumor ganas termasuk karsinoma payudara. Pada penelitian ini diteliti jumlah AgNOR pada lesi perubahan fibrokistik menurut klasifikasi Page. Sembilan belas kasus perubahan fibrokistik diklasifikasikan menurut Page. NOR dipulas dengan perak koloidal dan dihitung secara manual. Jumlah rata-rata AgNOR dihitung pada masing-masing klasifikasi dan dibandingkan. Selain itu dibandingkan pula jumlah AgNOR pada asini-duktuli kelenjar normal dan karsinoma duktal. Jumlah rata-rata AgNOR pada masing-masing klasifikasi berbeda secara bermakna, begitu pula perbedaan jumlah AgNOR pada lesi perubahan fibrokistik dengan kelenjar normal dan karsinoma. Jumlah AgNOR pada lesi non proliferatif 2,074 ± 0,320, penyakit proliferatif tanpa atipia 2,416 ± 0,35, hiperplasi atipik 2,876 ± 0,249, kelenjar normal 1,637 ± 0,330, dan pada karsinoma 4,407 ± 0,340. Variasi jumlah AgNOR mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan klasifikasi Page. Jumlah AgNOR dapat membedakan masing-masing klasifikasi dan membedakan antara hiperplasi atipik dengan karsinoma. Penentuan jumlah AgNOR dapat dilaksanakan rutin untuk follow-up dan memonitor lesi yang berisiko tinggi

Ekspresi EBNA-1 pada diffuse large B cell lymphoma serta Small lymphocytic lymphoma tipe nodal dan ekstranodal

ABSTRAK EBNA-1 expression in nodal and extranodal type of diffuse large B cell lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma Background : Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Epstein-Barr Virus infection has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Objective : To know the expression of EBNA-1 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma and its association with nodal and extranodal location of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma Methods : Thirty five cases of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma from embedding parafin tissue were constituted the basis of the study. Immunohistochemical examination using CD20 and EBNA-1 monoclonal antibody was done. The difference of EBNA-1 expression between diffuse large B cell lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma and the difference of EBNA-1 expression between nodal and extranodal locations of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma were analized by chi square test Result and Conclusion : Sixteen cases of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma showed positivity of EBNA-1 expression. There was significant difference between the number of cases with positivity of EBNA-1 expression in nodal and extranodal location of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. There was not significant difference between the number of cases with positivity of EBNA-1 expression in diffuse large B cell lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma. The result supported that latency EBV related lymphoma frequently occurs in extranodal location Key words : EBNA-1, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, nodal, extranoda

PEMBUATAN SISTEM PENGEMUDIAN OTOMATIS PADA KENDARAAN BERODA DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN OFFLINE

Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi pada lingkungan yang tidak terstruktur adalah sulitnya memperkirakan hasil dari setiap aksi secara tepat. Kondisi ini memperkecil kemungkinan menemukan aksi yang akan memecahkan tugas yang diberikan berdasarkan semua kemungkinan yang telah diperhitungkan sebelumnya. Oleh karena itu, proyek akhir ini mencoba untuk membuat sebuah autonomous mobile robot yang mampu menghindari halangan dengan algoritma kendali pembelajaran offline agar mampu berinteraksi dengan environment. Autonomous mobile robot ini memiliki empat buah sensor ultrasonic digunakan untuk mendeteksi halangan yang ada di sekitar robot. Pusat kontrol dari robot ini ada pada mikrokontroler ATmega32 yang ditanamkan algoritma gerak robot. Output dari sistem ini adalah pengaturan motor DC. Hasil dari proyek ini adalah mendapatkan kombinasi gerakan robot untuk menghindari halangan dan mampu beradaptasi dengan lingkunga

The growing use and impact of artificial intelligence technologies in the tourism industry

The research relevance is determined by the increasing role of artificial intelligence in the tourism business, which was demonstrated during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bali, resulting in a decline in the number of tourists visiting the island. The research aims to investigate the real-life experience of applying artificial intelligence systems in the tourism industry to address the challenges of developing the tourism industry in Bali, Indonesia. The basis of the methodological approach is a combination of theoretical methods of analysis and synthesis of the collected information covering the practical experience of the application of artificial intelligence systems in the tourism industry, as well as a survey of customers of travel agencies that have used such systems in trips to Bali. The research results show that artificial intelligence can significantly help the tourism business in Bali, as the number of tourists visiting the island dropped by 40% during the pandemic, resulting in a reduction in the number of tourism staff. The practical application of systems based on artificial intelligence opens up a wide range of business opportunities, as it allows for optimizing the activities of tourism firms and providing customers with high-quality services with highly technical equipment. The use of neural network mathematical models of tourist firms’ activity based on AI, allows them to achieve high speed of data processing, which allows tourist firms numerous competitive advantages and significantly improves the quality of their services. The practical significance of the results of this scientific research lies in the possibility of their application in the organization of the activities of enterprises in the sphere of tourism business, built on the use of digital technologies and systems based on artificial intelligence

The effect of cyperus rotundus root ethanol extract on the epithelization in the healing process on skin excision wound

Ch. Tri Nuryana, E. Suryadi & Harijadi - The Influence of Ethanol Extract of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperusrotundus) on Epithelization of Skin Wound Healing ProcessBackground: If skin is wounded, epithelial cells will migrate to the wound area in order to keep homeostatic.Epithelization consists of mitotic and proliferation of epithelial cells. Rhizome of purple nutsedge (Cyperusrotundus) contains cyperene, flavonoid, ²-sitosterol dan ascorbic acid that can accelerate epithelization inwound healing process and has been used in traditional medicine.Objective: To investigate the influence of ethanol extract of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) inepithelization of wound healing process.Methods: Fourty five Balb/c male mice 8-10 weeks old, 25-35 g weight, were excised punch biopsy onback 0.5 cm right and left of columna vertebralis, 2.5 cm in cutis from the ear area. The mice weredivided into 5 groups. Negative control group was treated with vehicle of extract, positive control groupwas treated by gel containing placenta extract 1% & neomycin sulfate 0.5% and the others were treatedwith C. rotundus 1%, 2%, and 4% in concentration. Each of the groups was divided into 3 subgroups.Each of the subgroups composed of 3 mice based on the period of termination, i.e.: 3rd, 7th and 12th dayafter wounded. Histological evaluation was done to investigate the thickness of epithelial layer.Results: The data were analyzed by Two-way Anova and the results showed that there was a significantdifference (p<0.05) in every decapitation period, groups, and interaction between decapitation period andgroups. The results of LSD test showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the thicknessof epithelial layer between negative control and C. rotundus groups.Conclusion: Cyperus rotundus extract accelerates epithelization process of wound healing in mice.Key words: Wound healing - Cyperus rotundus - epithelization - mic

Binaural entrainment of 2000-2040 Hz and 2000-2090 Hz increase Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) expression of astrocytes in the CA1 rat hippocampus during operant learning conditioning

Astrocytes of hippocampus contribute in the learning performance. Entrainment of gamma wavescan improve learning performance by improving the neurons to astrocytes communication. Theaim of this study was to evaluate the effect of binaural entrainment of 2000-2040 Hz and 2000-2090 Hz on Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) expression in astrocytes of the CA1 region ofrat hippocampus during operant learning conditions. Twenty male Wistar rats aged 4-6 weekswith body weight 100-150 g were devided into 4 groups. Group I was given binaural soundsentrainment at 2000-2040 Hz without learning test. Group II was given entrainment as performedin Group I followed by a learning test. Group III was given binaural sounds entrainment at 2000-2090 followed by a learning test. Group IV was not given entrainment nor learning test. Theentrainment was performed for 30 minutes everyday for 12 days and the learning test wasperformed for 10 minutes everyday for 12 days. The GFAP expression was examinedimminohistochemically. Astrocytes processes and astrocytes histoscore were also calculated.The results showed that the number of the GFAP-positive astrocytes in Group I (70.96 ± 4.86),II (69.76±3.07) and III (63.10±5.85) were significantly higher than Control (47.33±1.33)(p<0.05). The number of the processes astrocytes in Group I (47.64 ± 3.87), II (60.66±2.07)and III (54.17±6.38) was significantly higher than Control (30.87±2.69) (p<0.05). Moreover,the number of the processes astrocytes in Group II was significantly higher than Group I (p=0.016).The astrocytes histoscore index in the Group II (115.58±14.13) and III (78.32±22.23) weresignificantly higher than Group I (28.79 ± 9.61) and Control (16.05±1.64) (p<0.05). Inconclusion, the binaural entrainment of 2000-2040 Hz and 2000-2090 Hz increase GFAP expressionof astrocytes in Cornu Ammonus 1 (CA1) region of rat hippocampus during operant learningconditioning

The Potency of ∆F 508-T Gen Mutant the Coding of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) As Prototype at the Congenital Bilateral Absence of Vas Deferens (CBAVD) Disease in Indonesia

Birth defect (congenital defect / congenital condition) is an anomaly appearing at birth and able to cause the physical or mental defect or death. Birth defect generally can be detected during the prenatal period. However, if this cannot be detected during the prenatal period, it can be identified at the post natal examination. Congenital Bilateral Absence Vas Difference (CBAVD) is of one the congenital defects characterized by Azoospermia causing the occurrence of infertility. This congenital defect can bring impact to the structural, functional and metabolism anomalies. Approximately 7.9 million children in the world (about 6% of the whole anomalies in the world) were born with serious congenital defects every year due to genetic anomaly or other post-conception. The determination of optimal output from PCR optimization to obtain the location of ∆F 508-T mutant on CBAVD patients in Indonesia is conducted pursuant to the gene target. The conclution were influence of various factors as the indicator specifying the mutation of ∆F 508-T mutant needs to be considered in making a decision for the preliminary research on CBAVD in Indonesia