Numerical Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Circular Columns Strengthening With CFRP under Concentric and Eccentric Loadings

The purpose of this study is to explore the numerical behavior of circular RC short columns with different degrees of confinement with CFRP (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) wraps under concentric and eccentric loading. The numerical analysis carried out by using an improved concrete plastic-damage model (CDPM) implemented in ABAQUS software for finite element (FE) analysis. The FE model simulated a total of twenty-four numerical specimens. The findings were matched to published experimental test results in the literature. The findings of the FE model and the experimental data were good similar. As a consequence, the model was found to be valid. The numerical results shows that as load eccentricity increased, the load carrying capacity of columns decreased for unconfined specimens, whereas the decline in strength for confined specimens becomes limited as the degrees of confinement ratio increased. In addition, increasing the CFRP confinement ratio improves the column's load-bearing capability at the same load eccentricity

Numerical analysis of RC columns under cyclic uniaxial and biaxial lateral load

U ovom se radu prikazuje numerička analiza konačnih elemenata koja je provedena kako bi se ispitalo ponašanje AB stupova visoke čvrstoće za slučaj dvoosnog i jednoosnog bočnog pomaka pri konstantnom uzdužnom opterećenju. Numerička analiza provedena je na 24 modela pomoću programa ABAQUS / CAE. Validacijom je utvrđena dobra podudarnost numeričkih i eksperimentalnih rezultata. U okviru parametarske studije određen je koeficijent armiranja uzdužnom armaturom, ukupna ploština spona za ovijanje (Ash) te jednoosno i dvoosno ciklično posmično opterećenje. Rezultati numeričke analize pokazuju da povećanje količine uzdužne armature u slučaju jednoosnog i dvoosnog bočnog opterećenja dovodi do znatnog povećanja maksimalnog i graničnog opterećenja stupova, progiba, broja ciklusa maksimalnog i graničnog opterećenja, te početne krutosti Ki, dok je utjecaj poprečne armature manje izražen. Otpornost stupova na opterećenja i deformacije znatno se smanjuje pri nanošenju dvoosnog cikličnog posmičnog opterećenja, u odnosu na jednoosno opterećenje. Isto tako, taj utjecaj se smanjuje s povećanjem udjela uzdužne armature (%ρl) i vrijednosti Ash.A numerical finite element study is conducted in this paper to examine structural behaviour of high strength RC columns exposed to biaxial and uniaxial lateral displacement histories with constant axial load. The numerical analysis of 24 models was made using ABAQUS / CAE. The comparison between numerical analysis and experimental results shows good agreement through validations. The considered parametric study involves determination of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, total cross-sectional area of confinement steel (Ash), and uniaxial and biaxial cyclic shear load. Numerical analysis results show that an increase of longitudinal reinforcement for a uniaxial and biaxial lateral historic load will significantly increase maximum and ultimate load of columns, corresponding deflections, number of cycles at maximum and ultimate loads, and initial stiffness Ki, while the effect of transverse reinforcement is less pronounced. The columns load and deformation capacity decreases significantly with application of biaxial cyclic shear load, compared with uniaxial load. Also, this effect reduces with an increase in longitudinal reinforcement ratio (%ρl) and Ash

Numerical analysis of RC wall with opening strengthened by CFRP subjected to eccentric loads

U radu je provedeno numeričko ispitivanje središnjeg otvora u ab zidovima s CFRP ojačanjem i bez njega podvrgnutim ekscentričnom vertikalnom opterećenju s linearnim prirastom. Šest zidnih ploča u mjerilu 1 : 2 modelirane su u računalnom programu ABAQUS u svrhu procjene učinka ojačanja. Analiza je pokazala da na nosivost zida u smislu maksimalnog opterećenja utječe debljina CFRP-a. Utvrđeno je da varijacija debljine CFRP-a ima značajan utjecaj na krajnju nosivost, pojavu pukotina, glavnu plastičnu deformaciju betona i ekvivalentno naprezanje.Numerical analysis of the central hole in RC walls with and without CFRP, subjected to uniform eccentric vertical line load, is presented in this paper. Six half-scale wall panels were modelled using the ABAQUS software to estimate the strengthening effects. The analysis revealed that the load capacity of the wall in terms of maximum load carrying capacity is influenced by CFRP thickness. It was found that the variation of CFRP thickness greatly influences the ultimate load carrying capacity, crack patterns, principal plastic strain of concrete, and equivalent stress

Numerical analysis of reinforced concrete circular columns strengthening with CFRP under concentric and eccentric loadings

The purpose of this study is to explore the numerical behavior of circular Reinforced Concrete (RC) short columns with different degrees of confinement with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) wraps under concentric and eccentric loading. The numerical analysis carried out by using an improved Concrete Damage plasticity (CDP) model implemented in ABAQUS software for finite element (FE) analysis. The FE model simulated a total of twenty-four numerical specimens. The findings were matched to published experimental test results in the literature. The findings of the FE model and the experimental data were good similar. As a consequence, the model was found to be valid. The numerical results shows that as load eccentricity increased, the load carrying capacity of columns decreased for unconfined specimens, whereas the decline in strength for confined specimens becomes limited as the degrees of confinement ratio increased. In addition, increasing the CFRP confinement ratio improves the column's load-bearing capability at the same load eccentricity

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

Travel burden and clinical presentation of retinoblastoma: analysis of 1024 patients from 43 African countries and 518 patients from 40 European countries

BACKGROUND: The travel distance from home to a treatment centre, which may impact the stage at diagnosis, has not been investigated for retinoblastoma, the most common childhood eye cancer. We aimed to investigate the travel burden and its impact on clinical presentation in a large sample of patients with retinoblastoma from Africa and Europe. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis including 518 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 40 European countries and 1024 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 43 African countries. RESULTS: Capture rate was 42.2% of expected patients from Africa and 108.8% from Europe. African patients were older (95% CI -12.4 to -5.4, p<0.001), had fewer cases of familial retinoblastoma (95% CI 2.0 to 5.3, p<0.001) and presented with more advanced disease (95% CI 6.0 to 9.8, p<0.001); 43.4% and 15.4% of Africans had extraocular retinoblastoma and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis, respectively, compared to 2.9% and 1.0% of the Europeans. To reach a retinoblastoma centre, European patients travelled 421.8 km compared to Africans who travelled 185.7 km (p<0.001). On regression analysis, lower-national income level, African residence and older age (p<0.001), but not travel distance (p=0.19), were risk factors for advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS: Fewer than half the expected number of patients with retinoblastoma presented to African referral centres in 2017, suggesting poor awareness or other barriers to access. Despite the relatively shorter distance travelled by African patients, they presented with later-stage disease. Health education about retinoblastoma is needed for carers and health workers in Africa in order to increase capture rate and promote early referral

The global retinoblastoma outcome study : a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries

DATA SHARING : The study data will become available online once all analyses are complete.BACKGROUND : Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival. METHODS : We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models. FINDINGS : The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23·2 months (IQR 11·0–36·5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0·8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5·4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19·7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42·9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enucleation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98·8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99·5% (95% CI 98·8–100·0) for children from high-income countries, 91·2% (89·5–93·0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80·3% (78·3–82·3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57·3% (52·1-63·0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16·67; 95% CI 4·76–50·00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to cT1 (8·98; 4·44–18·18), and older age at diagnosis in children up to 3 years (1·38 per year; 1·23–1·56). For children aged 3–7 years, the mortality risk decreased slightly (p=0·0104 for the change in slope). INTERPRETATION : This study, estimated to include approximately half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017, shows profound inequity in survival of children depending on the national income level of their country of residence. In high-income countries, death from retinoblastoma is rare, whereas in low-income countries estimated 3-year survival is just over 50%. Although essential treatments are available in nearly all countries, early diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries are key to improving survival outcomes.The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust and the Wellcome Trust.https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/homeam2023Paediatrics and Child Healt

Finite Element Analysis of RC Tapered Beams under Cyclic Loading

This paper presents a numerical investigation to study the effect of variations in displacement history sequence and magnitude on cyclic response of RC tapered (haunched) beams (RCHBs).Five simply supported RCHBs (four haunched and one prismatic) were selected from experimental work carried out by Aranda et al. The selected variables included were five loading history types. The first part of this study focused to verify the finite element analysis with selected experimental work and the second part of this study focused too studying the effect of varying in loading history to the response of RCHBs. The finite element code Abaqus was used in the modeling. The adopted cyclic simulation performance of the selected beams using the plastic- damage model for concrete developed by Lubliner and Lee & Fenves. The constitutive model of plain concrete describing the uniaxial compression response under cyclic loading proposed by Thorenfeldt, and the uniaxial tension response follows the softening law proposed by Hordijk was used in the modeling. Menegotto-Pinto model was used to simulate the steel response. Model verification has shown A good agreement to the selected experimental work. The variations in loading history will decrease the ultimate load and corresponding deflection with increase in the number of cycles at ultimate load

Determination of Settlement for Beam on Elastic Foundation by ETABS Software

In this study a numerical examples and solutions has been obtained by using three system of beam resting on elastic foundation (BOEF) which was adopted previously by three different engineering software. The first part of this paper was related to verify the model of (BOEF) by using ETABS2015 by make a comparison with previous results by determination the maximum settlements at the mid of span which show a good agreement between ETABS2015 and other results, where the total differences was vary from 2.13 % to 3.27%. . The second part of this study was highlighted on the settlement of BOEF with different parametric study (beam thickness, soil subgrade reaction(KS) and the load location), case (1) was selected for this goal. In this paper it is found that the differential settlement along the beam are decrease as increasing in the beam stiffness in addition to possibility to obtain uplift (positive settlement ) for some type of changing in the load location specially for higher thick beam . It was noticed that the settlement are increased significantly as reducing in the (KS). Finally this study show a different form of deflection by combination two of parametric study