Indonesian Mirabilis jalapa Linn. : A Pharmacognostical and Preliminary Phytochemical Investigations

Introduction: Mirabilis jalapa Linn. is an important medicinal plant and used extensively by the people from different countries for the treatment of several disorders. The plant was the raw material for the herb-drug product, so some parameters identified were needed to ensure the safety, quality and efficacy of the product. Objective: The aim of this study was to undertake pharmacognostical studies to fulfill the work required for the identification the M. jalapa plant, which is collected from the Bogor area, Indonesia. Methods: Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, fluorescence standards, phytochemical screening and physicochemical parameters were carried out on the above plant. Results: The parameters values of total ash, water soluble and acid insoluble ash were obtained 11.81, 5.06 and 0.41%, respectively. Moisture content, alcohol, water and ether soluble extractive were found to be 12.41, 11.02, 18.63 and 7.17% respectively. The results of preliminary phytochemical analysis of aqueous ethanolic extract of this drug were positive for alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroid, triterpenoids, saponin, phenols, glycosides and carbohydrate. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of alcoholic, chloroform and aqueous extracts showed 9, 7 and 4 spots respectively. Conclusion: The present study on botanical pharmacognosy and TLC profile of this plant above thus provides useful information for correct identification and quality control parameters for the crude drugs, and also will be useful in making monograph of the plant

The Study on Value of Recreational Sports Activity of Urban Communities

According to the WHO, health is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, but a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Recreational sports activities particularly for urban communities could be used as a life style, because it may considered balance individual condition between physical, spiritual and social needs. This study aims to describe and investigate: 1) the reason why recreational sports become urban society choice as weekend activities and holiday activities, 2) the type of recreational sport activities done by urban communities, 3) the value of individual's physical and psychosocial aspects,4) potential space for individual who do recreational sport activities. This research used ethnographic study with empirical and theoretical approaches. We conclude that the recreational sport activities as an option activity for the urban community, and is quite representative to facilitate the needs of sport cultures, and a sense of concern for the environment which useful in maintaining health

Pengaruh manipulasi media terhadap kandungan alkaloid steroid dalam kalus Solanum aculeatissimum

ABSTRACT The effects of the manipulation of the media on the steroidal alkaloid content in the callus of Solarium acute alissirmun were studied. This work was done as an effort for obtaining a steroidal alkaloid through tissue culture which is expected gaining a larger amount of steroidal alkaloid. Tissue culture of S.aculeatissimum were initialed from leaf explants on Murashige-Skoog\u27s medium supplemented with 1 ppm kinetin and 1 ppm 2,4- dichloropherioxyacetic acid. Then the callus were subcultural into new media which were containing different concentrations of sucrose, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, kinetin and cholesterol The steroidal alkaloid content was determined with spectrophotometer at 426 nm. The maximum concentration of the total steroidal alkaloid was obtained from the callus, which was grown on the media with 20 and 30 g/I sucrose, 50 and 100% (to the normal amount) potassium nitrate, 50% (to the normal amount) ammonium nitrate and 1 ppm kinefin. No significant deference was obtained between the maximum concentration of the steroidal alkaloid within the callus and the steroidal alkaloid concentration of the original plant\u27s leaves. When cholesterol was added to a level of about 100 ppm, the steroidal alkaloid content was lower than the steroidal alkaloid content of the original plant\u27s leaves. Key words: Solanum aculeatissimum - time culture - steroidal alkaloi

Pharmacognostical, Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation and Flavonoids Content of Paederia foetida Linn.

Paederia foetida, locally (Indonesia) known as “sembukan “and “skunkvine” (English), is one of Rubiaceae family member that has a diverse pharmacological and phytochemical importance. The name derives from the distinct odor when the leaves are crushed. The species name “foetida” is a Latin word for “stinky” or “foul smelling”. The current work was investigated to perform the morphoanatomical, physicochemical, phytochemical analysis and flavonoids content of Paederia foetida Linn. Pharmacognostical studies were carried out for different parameters include macroscopic, microscopic, and fluorescence. Physicochemical parameters, like the loss on drying, ash value, extractive values, etc. were measured as per WHO guidelines. Preliminary phytochemical screening was also performed for major groups of compounds and the flavonoid content. The TLC profile of the leaves extracts (n-hexane, DCM and ethanolic) of P. foetida showed 9, 7 and 3 spots respectively in the different solvents. The total flavonoid concentration was 1.32 mg/g, expressed as quercetin equivalents. The various macroscopic, microscopic, physical and phytochemical parameters listed here for P. foetida, and the present work can be used with respect to its identification, authentication, and standardization

Indonesian Mirabilis jalapa Linn. : A Pharmacognostical and Preliminary Phytochemical Investigations

Mirabilis jalapa Linn. is an important medicinal plant and used extensively by the people from different countries for the treatment of several disorders. The plant was the raw material for the herb-drug product, so some parameters identified were needed to ensure the safety, quality and efficacy of the product. Objective: The aim of this study was to undertake pharmacognostical studies to fulfill the work required for the identification the M. jalapa plant, which is collected from the Bogor area, Indonesia. Methods: Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, fluorescence standards, phytochemical screening and physicochemical parameters were carried out on the above plant. Results: The parameters values of total ash, water soluble and acid insoluble ash were obtained 11.81, 5.06 and 0.41%, respectively. Moisture content, alcohol, water and ether soluble extractive were found to be 12.41, 11.02, 18.63 and 7.17% respectively. The results of preliminary phytochemical analysis of aqueous ethanolic extract of this drug were positive for alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroid, triterpenoids, saponin, phenols, glycosides and carbohydrate. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of alcoholic, chloroform and aqueous extracts showed 9, 7 and 4 spots respectively. Conclusion: The present study on botanical pharmacognosy and TLC profile of this plant above thus provides useful information for correct identification and quality control parameters for the crude drugs, and also will be useful in making monograph of the plant