The Weyl group of the fine grading of sl(n,C)sl(n,\mathbb{C}) associated with tensor product of generalized Pauli matrices

We consider the fine grading of sl(n,\mb C) induced by tensor product of generalized Pauli matrices in the paper. Based on the classification of maximal diagonalizable subgroups of PGL(n,\mb C) by Havlicek, Patera and Pelantova, we prove that any finite maximal diagonalizable subgroup $K$ of PGL(n,\mb C) is a symplectic abelian group and its Weyl group, which describes the symmetry of the fine grading induced by the action of $K$, is just the isometry group of the symplectic abelian group $K$. For a finite symplectic abelian group, it is also proved that its isometry group is always generated by the transvections contained in it

Fine gradings of complex simple Lie algebras and Finite Root Systems

A $G$-grading on a complex semisimple Lie algebra $L$, where $G$ is a finite abelian group, is called quasi-good if each homogeneous component is 1-dimensional and 0 is not in the support of the grading. Analogous to classical root systems, we define a finite root system $R$ to be some subset of a finite symplectic abelian group satisfying certain axioms. There always corresponds to $R$ a semisimple Lie algebra $L(R)$ together with a quasi-good grading on it. Thus one can construct nice basis of $L(R)$ by means of finite root systems. We classify finite maximal abelian subgroups $T$ in \Aut(L) for complex simple Lie algebras $L$ such that the grading induced by the action of $T$ on $L$ is quasi-good, and show that the set of roots of $T$ in $L$ is always a finite root system. There are five series of such finite maximal abelian subgroups, which occur only if $L$ is a classical simple Lie algebra

De-noising of Power Quality Disturbance Detection Based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition Threshold Algorithm

Actual power quality signal which is often affected by noise pollution impacts the analysis results of the disturbance signal. In this paper, EEMD (Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition)-based threshold de-noising method is proposed for power quality signal with different SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio). As a comparison, we use other four thresholds, namely, the heuristic threshold, the self-adaptive threshold, the fixed threshold and the minimax threshold to filter the noises from power quality signal. Through the analysis and comparison of three characteristics of the signal pre-and-post de-noised, including waveforms, SNR and MSE (Mean Square Error), furthermore the instantaneous attribute of corresponding time by HHT (Hilbert Huang Transform). Simulation results show that EEMD threshold de-noising method can make the waveform close to the actual value. The SNR is higher and the MSE is smaller compared with other four thresholds. The instantaneous attribute can reflect the actual disturbance signal more exactly. The optimal threshold EEMD-based algorithm is proposed for power quality disturbance signal de-noising. Meanwhile, EEMD threshold de-noising method with adaptivity is suitable for composite disturbance signal de-noising

Analysis of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Neurodegenerative disease

Neurodegenerative diseases cause severe health and social problems. They create a health and economic burden on individuals and their families. Currently, there is no efficient treatment, apart from some attenuating medicines, for the majority of neurodegenerative diseases. Neurone loss is a consistent characteristic of these diseases. The hippocampal dentate gyrus is one of the regions in the adult mammalian brain capable of generating new neurones throughout life. The neurogenic niche appears to play an important role in the neuronal dysfunction associated with neurodegeneration. However, the detailed mechanisms underpinning this process are still unclear. To explore the neurogenic niche in Frontal Temporal Dementia (FTD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) we investigated disease-relevant rodent models and donated post-mortem human brain samples. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent assays were developed to allow the quantification of dividing cells and immature neurones in the adult hippocampus of selected tissues. The TDP43-Q331K knock-in mice, a model of FTD, revealed a significant reduction in the number of dividing cells (Ki67+) and immature neurones (Dcx+). Distinct morphological stages of immature neurone development were observed in this disease model. Further rodent neurotoxin-based models were used to characterise neurogenesis in PD. However, contrary to previous reports, these models did not consistently induce significant deficits in adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Human post-mortem brain samples were used to explore the neurogenic niche, but we were unable to consistently observe immature neurones in non-diseased brain samples. In summary, this project identified significant AHN deficits in the FTD mouse model. These require further analysis to determine their function and possible role in human disease

Superfluid density in the slave-boson theory

Despite of the success of the slave-boson theory in capturing qualitative physics of high-temperature superconductors like cuprates, it fails to reproduce the correct temperature-dependent behavior of superfluid density, let alone the independence of the linear temperature term on doping in the underdoped regimes of hole-doped cuprate, a common experimental observation in different cuprates. It remains puzzling up to now in spite of intensive theoretical efforts. For electron-doped case, even qualitative treatment is not reported at present time. Here we revisit these problems and provide an alternative superfluid density formulation by using the London relation instead of employing the paramagnetic current-current correlation function. The obtained formula, on the one hand, provides the correct temperature-dependent behavior of the superfluid density in the whole temperature regime, on the other hand, makes the doping dependence of the linear temperature term substantially weaken and a possible interpretation for its independence on doping is proposed. As an application, electron-doped cuprate is studied, whose result qualitatively agrees with existing experiments and successfully explains the origin of $d$- to anisotropic $s$-wave transition across the optimal doping. Our result remedies some failures of the slave-boson theory as employed to calculate superfluid density in cuprates and may be useful in the understanding of the related physics in other strongly correlated systems, e.g. Na$_{x}$CoO$_{2}$$\cdot$yH$_{2}$O and certain iron-based superconductors with dominating local magnetic exchange interaction.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure