Soil physical conditions and crop production

1a. Differences in water balance and resultant crop growth related to soil structure: Merredin red brown solonized earth. 1b. Soil structure effects on crop growth (Merredin). 77M13, 77M56. 2. Water balance studies under wheat on Wongan loamy sand (82WH8

Iago the Moor Killer: The Geo-Political Context Behind Shakespeare\u27s Othello

Shakespeare’s Othello is often viewed as an example of seventeenth century Renaissance binaries. Critics make distinctions when reading the play between hero and villain, Moors and Europeans, and between civilization and barbarity. These definitions are all complicated by Iago’s presence in the play. Iago, whose name implies he is actually a Spaniard, frames the play in a geo-political context. Because of Iago’s presence, Othello provides a picture of England’s position in the seventeenth century geo-political climate. Shakespeare is giving his English audience a particular political message

Probing the strength of infants' preference for helpers over hinderers: two replication attempts of Hamlin and Wynn (2011)

Several studies indicate that infants prefer individuals who act prosocially over those who act antisocially toward unrelated third parties. In the present study, we focused on a paradigm published by Kiley Hamlin and Karen Wynn in 2011. In this study, infants were habituated to a live puppet show in which a protagonist tried to open a box to retrieve a toy placed inside. The protagonist was either helped by a second puppet (the “Helper”), or hindered by a third puppet (the “Hinderer”). At test, infants were presented with the Helper and the Hinderer, and encouraged to reach for one of them. In the original study, 75% of 9-month-olds selected the Helper, arguably demonstrating a preference for prosocial over antisocial individuals. We conducted two studies with the aim of replicating this result. Each attempt was performed by a different group of experimenters. Study 1 followed the methods of the published study as faithfully as possible. Study 2 introduced slight modifications to the stimuli and the procedure following the guidelines generously provided by Kiley Hamlin and her collaborators. Yet, in our replication attempts, 9-month-olds’ preference for helpers over hinderers did not differ significantly from chance (62.5% and 50%, respectively, in Studies 1 and 2). Two types of factors could explain why our results differed from those of Hamlin and Wynn: minor methodological dissimilarities (in procedure, materials, or the population tested), or the effect size being smaller than originally assumed. We conclude that fine methodological details that are crucial to infants’ success in this task need to be identified to ensure the replicability of the original result

Symposium: The 19th Amendment at 100: From the Vote to Gender Equality: The Nineteenth Amendment: The Fourth Reconstruction Amendment?

This essay argues that the Nineteenth Amendment can best be understood in terms of the Fifteenth Amendment and perhaps even as the fourth Reconstruction Amendment. It is now well understood, at least among historians, that the Nineteenth Amendment did not enfranchise black women in the South, nor other women of color, but the specifics of how and why that came to be the case are less well known. After the passage of woman suffrage in New York in 1917, Congressional opponents of women voting narrowed in on the Nineteenth Amendment’s relationship to the Fifteenth as the main source of contention. Congressional leaders objected to the Nineteenth Amendment not only because they did not want black women in the South to vote but also because they feared that the Nineteenth Amendment would bring increased attention to voting rights and compel the federal government to enforce the Fifteenth, which it had not done since the Compromise of 1877

Two-server distributed ORAM with sublinear computation and constant rounds

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