Modelling occupants' personal characteristics for thermal comfort prediction

Based on results from a field survey campaign conducted in Switzerand, we show that occupants' variations in clothing choices, which are relatively unconstrained, are best described by the daily mean outdoor temperature and that major clothing adjustments occur rarely during the day. We then develop an ordinal logistic model of the probability distribution of discretised clothing levels, which results in a concise and informative expression of occupants' clothing choices. Results from both cross-validation and independent verification suggest that this model formulation may be used with confidence. Furthermore, the form of the model is readily generalisable, given the requisite calibration data, to environments where dress codes are more specific. We also observe that, for these building occupants, the prevailing metabolic activity levels are mostly constant for the whole range of surveyed environmental conditions, as their activities are relatively constrained by the tasks in hand. Occupants may compensate for this constraint, however, through the consumption of cold and hot drinks, with corresponding impacts on metabolic heat production. Indeed, cold drink consumption was found to be highly correlated with indoor thermal conditions, whilst hot drink consumption is best described by a seasonal variable. These variables can be used for predictive purposes using binary logistic model

Development of stochastic models of window state changes in educational buildings

How people would like to interact with surrounding environment will subsequently influence indoor thermal conditions and further impact building energy performance. In order to understand occupants' adaptive behaviours in terms of environmental control utilization from the point of view of quantification, an investigation on windows operation was carried out in non-air-conditioned educational buildings in the UK during summer time considering the effects of occupant type (active and passive) and the time of a day. Outdoor air temperature was a better predictor or window operation than indoor air temperature. Window operation was found to be time-evolving event. The purpose or criteria of adjusting window states were different at different occupancy stages. Active occupants were more willing to change windows states in response to outdoor air temperature variations. Sub-models predicting transition probabilities of window state for different occupant type and occupancy stages were developed. The results derived from this field study are helpful with improving building simulation accuracy by integrating sub-models into simulation software and further providing guideline on building energy reduction without sacrificing indoor thermal comfort

Leading Order Down-Stream Asymptotics of Non-Symmetric Stationary Navier-Stokes Flows in Two Dimensions

Abstract.: We consider stationary solutions of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions. We give a detailed description of the fluid flow in a half-plane through the construction of an inertial manifold for the dynamical system that one obtains when using the coordinate along the flow as a tim

Peningkatan Profesionalisme Guru melalui Peningkatan Motivasi Kerja dengan menggunakan Metode Diskusi di SDN 18 Ranah Batahan Kabupaten Pasaman Barat

Fenomena dilapangan ditemukan beberapa permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan motivasi kerja guru dimana, guru kurang bersemangat dalam melaksanakan proses belajar mengajar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan Upaya meningkatkan profesionalieme guru melalui peningkatan motivasi kerja guru dengan menggunakan metodediskusi di Sekolah Kecamatan Ranah Batahan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS). Lokasi Penelitian adalah di SDN SDN 18 Ranah Batahan dan waktu penelitian pada bulan April s/d bulan Mei 2021. Yang menjadi subjek penelitian tindakan sekolah ini adalah guru yang ada di SDN 18 Ranah Batahan yang berjumlah sebanyak 7 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara pengisian lembar observasi selama proses tindakan penelitian oleh supervisor sehingga akan diperoleh data kualitatif sebagai hasil penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa penerapan metode diskusi kelompok kecil dalam  kegiatan proses pembelajaran data yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa hasil temuan siklus I diperoleh rata-rata keberhasil dalam meningkatan motivasi guru dalampem belajaran baru mencapai 70,65%, karena belum berhasil guru pada siklus I dilanjutkan pada siklus II, pada siklusII ini dengan menggunakan metode diskusi kelompok motivasi guru meningkat menjadi 81,12% . karena hasil temua sudah sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan maka penelitian dihentikan pada siklus I

“Sesuatu yang Tak Pernah Terjadi” Membayangkan Kemenangan Nusantara Melawan Kolonialisme

Abstrak: Ketika kemerdekaan Indonesia diproklamirkan, para bapak bangsa Indonesia sepakat bahwa wilayah kedaulatan republik yang akan dibentuk ini adalah bekas wilayah Hindia-Belanda. Alasan atas integrasi ini adalah karena mereka merasa “senasib sepenanggungan”, karena sama-sama pernah dikalahkan dan dijajah oleh Belanda. Tulisan mengenai counterfactual ini, akan mengangkat permasalahan mengenai pemikiran nasionalisme sebagai sesuatu yang bersifat absolutely splendid ancestors (warisan dari nenek moyang kita yang cemerlang). Tujuan penulisan ini untuk mengelaborasi pemikiran nasionalisme bangsa Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan yaitu kepustakaan dengan mengumpulkan bahan-bahan penelitian yang berupa buku dan  artikel ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan nasib di masa lalu nasionalisme Indonesia tidak akan tertanam dalam diri bangsa-bangsa itu. Ketiadaan rasa senasib itu membuat mereka tidak merasa perlu untuk berintegrasi dengan Indonesia. Nasionalisme yang muncul pada dalam diri mereka adalah nasional suku bangsa mereka masing-masing.Kata kunci:Nasionalisme, Counterfactual, Perlawanan Penduduk Lokal, Kolonialisme Abstract: When Indonesian independence was proclaimed, the fathers of the Indonesian people agreed that the territory of the republic that was to be formed was the former Dutch East Indies. The reason for this integration is because they feel "the same fate", because both have been defeated and colonized by the Dutch. This article on counterfactual will raise the issue of nationalism thinking as something that is absolutely splendid ancestors (the legacy of our brilliant ancestors). The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the thinking of Indonesian nationalism. The method used is the literature by gathering research materials in the form of books and relevant scientific articles. The results showed that the differences in the fate of the past Indonesian nationalism would not be embedded in the nations. The lack of a sense of shared destiny made them not feel the need to integrate with Indonesia. Nationalism that arises in them is the nationality of their respective tribes.Keywords : Nationalism, Counterfactual, Resistances, Colonialism

Considering the impact of situation-specific motivations and constraints in the design of naturally ventilated and hybrid buildings

A simple logical model of the interaction between a building and its occupants is presented based on the principle that if free to do so, people will adjust their posture, clothing or available building controls (windows, blinds, doors, fans, and thermostats) with the aim of achieving or restoring comfort and reducing discomfort. These adjustments are related to building design in two ways: first the freedom to adjust depends on the availability and ease-of-use of control options; second the use of controls affects building comfort and energy performance. Hence it is essential that these interactions are considered in the design process. The model captures occupant use of controls in response to thermal stimuli (too warm, too cold etc.) and non-thermal stimuli (e.g. desire for fresh air). The situation-specific motivations and constraints on control use are represented through trigger temperatures at which control actions occur, motivations are included as negative constraints and incorporated into a single constraint value describing the specifics of each situation. The values of constraints are quantified for a range of existing buildings in Europe and Pakistan. The integration of the model within a design flow is proposed and the impact of different levels of constraints demonstrated. It is proposed that to minimise energy use and maximise comfort in naturally ventilated and hybrid buildings the designer should take the following steps: 1. Provide unconstrained low energy adaptive control options where possible, 2. Avoid problems with indoor air quality which provide motivations for excessive ventilation rates, 3. Incorporate situation-specific adaptive behaviour of occupants in design simulations, 4. Analyse the robustness of designs against variations in patterns of use and climate, and 5. Incorporate appropriate comfort standards into the operational building controls (e.g. BEMS)