A Rough-Set-basedClustering Algorithm for Multi-stream

AbstractThe paper propose a rough-set-based clustering algorithm for multiple data stream, which solve the problem that existing clustering algorithm for multiple data streams can not take into account conflicts between clustering quality and efficiency. Firstly, the algorithm calculates the distance between data stream to determine the initial equivalence relations, and calculates the similarity between the initial equivalence relation to determine the initial cluster. In the second place, the similarity between the initial clusters is used to merge the initial clusters. Finally, k-means clustering algorithm is called to dynamically adjust the clustering results, and then real-time clustering structure is obtained. In conclusion Experimental results demonstrated that the algorithm has higher efficiency and clustering quality

Persistent fifth aortic arch: a comprehensive literature review

Persistent fifth aortic arch (PFAA) is an extremely rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly resulting from the failure of the fifth aortic arch to degenerate during embryonic development; it is often associated with various other cardiovascular anomalies. Despite being first reported by Van Praagh in 1969, there have been only a few individual case reports. Owing to its rarity and lack of comprehensive understanding, PFAA is often misdiagnosed or missed diagnosed during clinical. Thus, this review aimed to summarise the embryonic development, pathological classification, imaging diagnosis, and clinical treatment of PFAA to improve its overall understanding, ultimately helping in accurate diagnosis and treatment

An optimized encoding algorithm for systematic polar codes

Many different encoding algorithms for systematic polar codes (SPC) have been introduced since SPC was proposed in 2011. However, the number of the computing units of exclusive OR (XOR) has not been optimized yet. According to an iterative property of the generator matrix and particular lower triangular structure of the matrix, we propose an optimized encoding algorithm (OEA) of SPC that can reduce the number of XOR computing units compared with existing non-recursive algorithms. We also prove that this property of the generator matrix could extend to different code lengths and rates of the polar codes. Through the matrix segmentation and transformation, we obtain a submatrix with all zero elements to save computation resources. The proportion of zero elements in the matrix can reach up to 58.5{\%} from the OEA for SPC when the code length and code rate are 2048 and 0.5, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed OEA is beneficial to hardware implementation compared with the existing recursive algorithms in which signals are transmitted bidirectionally

Low-carbon developments in Northeast China: Evidence from cities

Cities are a major source of energy use and greenhouse gases emissions, as well as being at the core of the climate change mitigation. With the Revitalizing Old Industrial Base of Northeast China strategy, Northeast China has been a typical developing region with rapid industrialization and urbanization accompanied by substantial energy consumption and carbon emissions. Therefore, northeastern Chinese cities should play an important role in regional low-carbon developments. This study presents several improvements to previous method to improve the accuracy of the results. Using the modified method, for the first time, we compile carbon emission inventories for 30 cities in Northeast China based on fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes. The results indicate that Anshan emitted the most carbon emissions annually, followed by Benxi and the vice-provincial cities (including Changchun, Shenyang, Dalian and Harbin). In 2012, the total carbon emissions of the 30 cities amounted to 973.95 million tonnes, accounting for 9.71% and 2.75% of national and global carbon emissions, respectively. Most of the CO2 emissions of these cities were from the ‘nonmetal and metal industry’ and ‘energy production and supply’. Raw coal was the primary source of carbon emissions in Northeast China, and industrial processes also played a significant role in determining the carbon emissions. Additionally, both the average per capita carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity in the 30 cities were higher than the national levels. According to the differences in carbon emissions characteristics, we present several policy recommendations for carbon mitigation for northeastern Chinese cities. This study provides consistent and comparable spatial-temporal city-level emission database for further research on relationships between economic development and environmental protection in Northeast China. Simultaneously, this study provides practical reference values for other developing regions throughout the world to create low-carbon road maps

Variations of surface marine heatwaves in the Northwest Pacific during 1993–2019

Parameters of surface marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Northwest Pacific during 1993–2019 are derived from two sea surface temperature (SST) products: the Optimum Interpolation SST based on satellite remote sensing (OISST V2.1) and the Global Ocean Physics Reanalysis based on data-assimilative global ocean model (GLORYS12V1). Similarities and differences between the MHW parameters derived from the two datasets are identified. The spatial distributions of the mean annual MHW total days, frequency, duration, mean intensity and cumulative intensity, and interannual variations of these parameters are generally similar, while the MHW total days and duration from GLORYS12V1 are usually higher than that from OISST V2.1. Based on seasonal-mean values from GLORYS12V1, longer MHW total days (>7) have the largest spatial coverage in both the shelf and deep waters in summer, while the smallest coverage in spring. In selected representative regions, interannual variations of the MHW total days are positively correlated with the SST anomalies. In summer, the MHW total days have positive correlations with the Western Pacific Subtropical High intensity, and negative correlations with the East Asia Monsoon intensity, over nearly the whole South China Sea (SCS) and the low-latitude Pacific. In winter, positive correlations with both the Subtropical High and Monsoon intensities present over the western part of SCS. Strong El Niño is followed by longer MHW total days over the western half of SCS in winter, and over the whole SCS and low-latitude Pacific in summer of the next year. These correlation relationships are valuable for developing forecasts of MHWs in the region

Genetic Alterations of TRAF Proteins in Human Cancers

The tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-associated factor (TRAF) family of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins regulate the signal transduction pathways of a variety of receptors, including the TNF-R superfamily, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and cytokine receptors. TRAF-dependent signaling pathways participate in a diverse array of important cellular processes, including the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and activation of different cell types. Many of these TRAF-dependent signaling pathways have been implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Here we analyze the current evidence of genetic alterations of TRAF molecules available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) as well as the published literature, including copy number variations and mutation landscape of TRAFs in various human cancers. Such analyses reveal that both gain- and loss-of-function genetic alterations of different TRAF proteins are commonly present in a number of human cancers. These include pancreatic cancer, meningioma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, head and neck cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, bladder cancer, uterine cancer, melanoma, sarcoma, and B cell malignancies, among others. Furthermore, we summarize the key in vivo and in vitro evidence that demonstrates the causal roles of genetic alterations of TRAF proteins in tumorigenesis within different cell types and organs. Taken together, the information presented in this review provides a rationale for the development of therapeutic strategies to manipulate TRAF proteins or TRAF-dependent signaling pathways in different human cancers by precision medicine

Predictive value of the Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score in acute stroke patients with stroke-associated pneumonia

BackgroundStroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is associated with a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate in stroke patients. However, the accuracy of early prediction of SAP is insufficient, and there is a lack of effective prognostic evaluation methods. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the predictive value of the Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score (OASIS) in SAP to provide a potential reference index for the incidence and prognosis of SAP.MethodsWe recruited a total of 280 patients with acute ischemic stroke who had been diagnosed and treated in the Zhumadian Central Hospital between January 2021 and January 2023. These patients were divided into an SAP group (86 cases) and a non-SAP group (194 cases) according to SAP diagnostic criteria by expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of SAP. We collated general and clinical data from all patients, including the survival of SAP patients during the follow-up period. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for SAP. Kaplan–Meier and multivariate COX regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between OASIS and the prognosis of SAP, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of OASIS for SAP.ResultsOur analyses identified body temperature, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, OASIS, and a prolonged length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay as the main risk factors for SAP (all Ps < 0.05). Advanced age and an elevated OASIS were identified as the main risk factors for death in SAP patients (all Ps < 0.05). The risk of death in patients with OASIS of 31–42 points was significantly higher than that in patients with OASIS of 12–20 points (HR = 5.588, 95% CI = 1.531–20.401, P = 0.009). ROC curve analysis further showed that OASIS had a high predictive value for morbidity and the incidence of death in SAP patients.ConclusionOASIS can effectively predict the onset and death of SAP patients and provides a potential reference index for early diagnosis and the prediction of prognosis in patients with SAP. Our findings should be considered in clinical practice

Altering the Alkaline Metal Ions in Lepidocrocite-Type Layered Titanate for Sodium-Ion Batteries

The relatively large ionic radius of the Na ion is one of the primary reasons for the slow diffusion of Na ions compared to that of Li ions in de/intercalation processes in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Interlayer expansion of intercalation hosts is one of the effective techniques for facilitating Na-ion diffusion. For most ionic layered compounds, interlayer expansion relies on intercalation of guest ions. It is important to investigate the role of these ions for material development of SIBs. In this study, alkali-metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, and Cs+) with different sizes were intercalated into lepidocrocite-type layered titanate by a simple ion-exchange technique to achieve interlayer modulation and those were then evaluated as anode materials for SIBs. By controlling the intercalated alkaline ion species, basal spacings of layered titanates (LTs) in the range of 0.68 to 0.85 nm were obtained. Interestingly, the largest interlayer spacing induced by the large size of Cs did not yield the best performance, while the Na intercalated layered titanate (Na-ILT) demonstrated a superior performance with a specific capacity of 153 mAh g–1 at a current density of 0.1 A g–1. We found that the phenomena can be explained by the high alkaline metal ion concentration and the efficient utilization of the active sites in Na-ILT. The detailed analysis indicates that large intercalating ions like Cs can hamper sodium-ion diffusion although the interlayer spacing is large. Our work suggests that adopting an appropriate interlayer ion species is key to developing highly efficient layered electrode materials for SIBs

Nanofat lysate ameliorates pain and cartilage degradation of osteoarthritis through activation of TGF-β–Smad2/3 signaling of chondrocytes

Introduction: Nanofat is an effective cell therapy for osteoarthritis (OA). However, it has clinical limitations due to its short half-life. We developed Nanofat lysate (NFL) to overcome the defect of Nanofat and explore its anti-OA efficacy and mechanism.Methods: Monoiodoacetate (MIA) was employed to establish rat OA model. For pain assessment, paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were evaluated. Degeneration of cartilage was observed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Primary chondrocytes were treated with TNF-α to establish the cellular model of OA. MTT, wound healing, and transwell assays were performed to assess effects of NFL on chondrocytes. RNA-seq, qPCR and Western blot assays were conducted to clarify the mechanism of NFL.Results and Discussion: The animal data showed that PWL and TWL values, Mankin’s and OARSI scorings, and the Col2 expression in cartilage were significantly improved in the NFL-treated OA rats. The cellular data showed that NFL significantly improved the proliferation, wound healing, and migration of chondrocytes. The molecular data showed that NFL significantly restored the TNF-α-altered anabolic markers (Sox9, Col2 and ACAN) and catabolic markers (IL6 and Mmp13). The RNA-seq identified that TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling pathway mediated the efficacy of NFL, which was verified by qPCR and Western blot that NFL significantly restored the abnormal expressions of TGFβR2, phosphorylated-Smad2, phosphorylated-Smad2/3, Col2, Mmp13 and Mmp3. After long-term storage, NFL exerted similar effects as its fresh type, indicating its advantage of storability. In sum, NFL was developed as a new therapeutic approach and its anti-OA efficacy and mechanism that mediated by TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling was determined for the first time. Besides, the storability of NFL provided a substantial advantage than other living cell-based therapies