Alignment of the ATLAS Inner Detector

The ATLAS experiment at the LHC is currently under construction at CERN and will start operation in summer 2008. The Inner Detector of ATLAS is designed to measure the momentum of charged particles and to reconstruct primary and secondary vertices. It consists of a silicon pixel detector, a silicon strip detector and a straw tube detector. For optimal performance of the Inner Detector the position of all active detector elements must be known with a precision of a few microns. The ultimate precision will be reached with a trackbased alignment algorithm. The different alignment methods currently investigated for the ATLAS Inner Detector are presented, as well as the various computational aspects regarding track-based alignment. Results from simulation studies as well as results from testbeam and cosmic ray detector setups are shown and discussed

A Long-Term Database for Plankton Populations and Nutrient Levels in Prairie Lakes

A database for prairie lake phytoplankton populations, zooplankton populations, physical variables and chemical variables is presented. Samples are taken from two time periods, 1970-1979 and 1988-1997. Six lakes, Pickerel, Enemy Swim, Cochrane, Hendricks, Oak and Bitter were sampled during both time periods. Bluedog lake was sampled only in the earlier time period and Roy, East Oakwood, Tetonkaha, Round, and South Buffalo lakes were only sampled in the later time period. Water transparency and population numbers of copepods and cladocerans declined in five of the six lakes sampled in both time periods. Chlorophyll a concentrations and Trophic State Index increased in those five lakes, even though total nitrogen concentrations did not change and total phosphorus concentrations actually decreased slightly in three of the five lakes. The lack of increase in nutrients suggests that the decrease in water transparency and increase in trophic state is cause by biological factors, particularly the decline in numbers of the larger cladocerans and copepods which filter the water and increase transparency. The sixth lake, Bitter, experienced greatly increased water transparency, increased numbers of cladocerans and copepods, decreased Chlorophyll a concentrations, and decreased trophic state after a dramatic rise in water levels that more than doubled the volume of the lake in the mid 1990’s. As the decrease in water transparency, and increase in Chlorophyll a may result in increased shallowness and decreased future recreational value of the lakes, investigation into reasons for the changes should be of highest priority

Long-term Plankton and Nutrient Changes in Prairie Lakes

Plankton and nutrient chemistry data are presented from six lakes, Pickerel, Enemy Swim, Cochrane, Hendricks, Oak and Bitter, sampled during two time periods, 1970-1979, and 1990-1997. In addition, data from Lakes Roy, East Oakwood, and Tetonkaha, sampled between 1988 and 1994, are compared. All of the data bases presented include samples taken from spring, early summer and late summer seasons of the lakes. The lakes range from saline to fresh and from eutrophic to hypertrophic, as determined by depth and the ability of winds to resuspend nutrient rich sediments back into the water column. The combined data base for phytoplankton genera includes 837 samples from 1970-1979 and 677 samples from 1988-1997. The data base for zooplankton genera includes 851 samples from 1970-1979 and 685 samples from 1988- 1997. The data base for physical and chemical variables varies in number. Physical variables include temperature, water transparency (secchi depth), station depth, and electrical conductivity. Chemical variables include Chlorophyll α, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, total nitrogen, soluble reactive phosphorus, total phosphorus, silica, iron, manganese and major cations and anions. Several of the lakes show decreases in both water transparency, and total phosphorus levels, and two of the lakes show decreases in total nitrogen between the 1970\u27s and the 1990\u27s. Differences in methodology might account for measured changes in the phosphorus levels. Decreases in the larger zooplankters between the decades, especially Daphnia spp. may influence the water transparency. Phytoplankton genera show random changes within lakes. In Lake Cochrane, erosional events in the 1970\u27s and artificial drains both into and out of the lake in the 1990\u27s may have influenced the phytoplankton composition and abundance. Severe winterkill during the 1970\u27s influenced the changes in phytoplankton abundances in Lakes Hendricks and Oak. Extreme water level changes influenced Bitter Lake in the 1990\u27s resulting in greatly lowered conductivities and a phytoplankton change from an Anacystisdominated saline lake assemblage to an Aphanizomenon-dominated assemblage including freshwater taxa not previously recorded from Bitter Lake. Most variables tested show great similarity between decades, indicating current stability of the prairie lake ecosystem. However, as inputs into the lake create sediments and increase shallowness, lakes that are currently eutrophic may come in danger of hypertrophy from sediment resuspension. The complete paper will be published in the 2003 Proceedings

Perfil epidemiológico das pacientes HIV positivas do CS II Centro de Florianópolis.

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Tocoginecologia, Curso de Medicina, Florianópolis, 199

Two day disturbances in the tropical western Pacific

Fall 1995.Bibliography: pages 63-65.Sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NA37RJ0202

Magic of silence in the visual arts, The

Art history paper.1985 Spring.Includes bibliographic references (page 17)

A NON-REFOULEMENT EXCEPTION? AN ANALYSIS OF ARTICLE 33 OF THE 1951 CONVENTION RELATING TO THE STATUS OF REFUGEES IN LIGHT OF THE GENERAL RULE OF INTERPRETATION OF TREATIES

Article 33 of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees prescribes the duty of non-refoulement, forbidding States to return refugees in their territory to their country of origin. Nonetheless, when faced with mass influxes of refugees, some States claim the right to close their borders or even to return the refugees. This article discusses whether this alleged “non-refoulement exception” is permissible under international law. In order to do so, article 33 was analyzed in light of the General Rule of Interpretation of treaties enshrined in the Vienna Convention on the Law of the Treaties. This methodology provided for the conclusion that there is no “non-refoulement exception” for mass refugee influxes in the 1951 Convention.O artigo 33 da Convenção de 1951 sobre o Status dos Refugiados prevê o dever de non-refoulement, proibindo Estados de retornarem refugiados em seu território a seus países de origem. No entanto, ao serem confrontados com influxos massivos de refugiados, algums Estados alegam a existência de um direito de fechar as fronteiras ou, ainda, de retornar os refugiados. O presente artigo discute se a alegada “exceção ao non-refoulement” é permissível perante o Direito Internacional. Para tal, o artigo 33 foi analisado à luz da Regra Geral de Interpretação de tratados prevista na Convenção de Viena sobre Direito dos Tratados. Tal metodologia levou à conclusão de que não há uma “exceção ao non-refoulement” para influxos massivos de refugiados na Convenção de 1951

Thermodynamics of the one-dimensional frustrated Heisenberg ferromagnet with arbitrary spin

The thermodynamic quantities (spin-spin correlation functions <{\bf S}_0{\bf S}_n>, correlation length {\xi}, spin susceptibility {\chi}, and specific heat C_V) of the frustrated one-dimensional J1-J2 Heisenberg ferromagnet with arbitrary spin quantum number S below the quantum critical point, i.e. for J2< |J1|/4, are calculated using a rotation-invariant Green-function formalism and full diagonalization as well as a finite-temperature Lanczos technique for finite chains of up to N=18 sites. The low-temperature behavior of the susceptibility {\chi} and the correlation length {\xi} is well described by \chi = (2/3)S^4 (|J1|-4J2) T^{-2} + A S^{5/2} (|J1|-4J2)^{1/2} T^{-3/2} and \xi = S^2 (|J1|-4J2) T^{-1} + B S^{1/2} (|J1|-4J2)^{1/2} T^{-1/2} with A \approx 1.1 ... 1.2 and B \approx 0.84 ... 0.89. The vanishing of the factors in front of the temperature at J2=|J1|/4 indicates a change of the critical behavior of {\chi} and {\xi} at T \to 0. The specific heat may exhibit an additional frustration-induced low-temperature maximum when approaching the quantum critical point. This maximum appears for S=1/2 and S=1, but was not found for S>1.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Urban Pioneers: A Journey Through the Blurred Lines of Authenticity Within Utah\u27s Folk Music Revival

This paper has described the collection of oral histories as part of the Urban Pioneers research project started by folklorist Polly Stewart as a way to document the urban folk music revival in Utah during the 1950s-1960s. Additionally, this paper has detailed how the revival in Utah fit into context within the national movement, especially in terms of the search for authenticity by the majority of revivalists - including a thorough discussion of their own reexamination of experiences that led to an understanding that the authenticity they had been chasing had never existed to begin with

A Debris Backwards Flow Simulation System for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370

This paper presents a system based on a Two-Way Particle-Tracking Model to analyze possible crash positions of flight MH370. The particle simulator includes a simple flow simulation of the debris based on a Lagrangian approach and a module to extract appropriated ocean current data from netCDF files. The influence of wind, waves, immersion depth and hydrodynamic behavior are not considered in the simulation.Comment: 7 pages, 14 figures, IEEE OCEANS 2016 - Shanghai, 10-13 April 201