PERBAIKAN PROSES DAN PERANCANGAN ALAT PRODUKSI UNTUK PROSES PENGGILINGAN DAN PENIPISAN DI INDUSTRI KARAK TRADISIONAL

Produksi karak pada saat ini masih mempunyai kendala, khususnya dari aspek produksi. Kendala pada aspek produksi antara lain teknologi atau peralatan, kontinuitas produksi, keseragaman kualitas dan packing. Proses penumbukan karak masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga dapat menghasilkan adonan yang kurang homogen. Sedangkan pada proses pencetakan karak, adonan harus dicetak berbentuk balok dan dipadatkan sehingga gaya yang digunakan saat memotong akan semakin besar, selain itu saat proses pengirisan adonan balok diiris melintang dengan sudut kemiringan tertentu. Hal tersebut tentu berpengaruh pada hasil potongan karak karena pengirisan dilakukan secara manual. Jika pekerja mengalami kelelahan maka karak akan mengalami penurunan kualitas yaitu tidak seragamnya ukuran karak. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan perubahan proses produksi yaitu mengganti penumbukan dengan penggilingan serta mengganti pengirisan dengan pemotongan untuk mengurangi beban kerja pegawai. Konsekuensi perubahan proses produksi yaitu diperlukan teknologi produksi yang mendukung proses produksi yang baru. Desain teknologi produksi yang dibuat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan produsen karak dan kondisi industri karak tradisional

The relationship between lean service, activity-based costing and business strategy and their impact on performance

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel UniversityLean system has drawn the attention of researchers and practitioners since its emergence in 1950s. This has been reflected by the increasing number of companies attempting to implement its practices and the large number of researchers investigating its effectiveness and identifying important contextual factors which affect its implementation. The rising level of interest in lean system has led to the emergence of three distinctive streams of literature. The first stream of literature has focused on the effectiveness of lean system. However, this literature was limited as it mainly examined the additive impact of lean practices on operational performance in the manufacturing context. The second stream of literature has focused on the role the accounting system in the lean context. In this body of literature, there was an agreement among researchers on the superiority of activity-based costing system (ABC) over the traditional accounting system in supporting the implementation of lean practices. However, most studies in this strand of literature were either conceptual or case-based studies. The third stream of literature has focused on the fit between business strategy and lean system. However, inconclusive results were reported in relation to the suitability of lean system to firms adopting the differentiation strategy and others adopting the cost leadership strategy. The aim of this study is to develop and empirically test a conceptual model which integrates the three distinctive streams of literature to extend their focus and overcome their limitations. More specifically, the model developed in the current study highlights not only the additive impact of lean practices but also the possible synergy among those practices in improving both operational and financial performance of service firms. In addition, the model brings to light the potential intervening role of ABC in the strategy-lean association. After identifying and reviewing the relevant literature, the socio-technical system theory and contingency theory were used to develop the conceptual model and associated hypotheses. A questionnaire instrument was designed to collect empirical data which was supplemented by objective data from the Financial Analysis Made Easy database in order to empirically test the conceptual model using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings of this study indicated that while the technical practices of lean service improved only the operational performance of service firms, the social practices enhanced both operational and financial performance. In addition, the two sets of practices positively interacted to improve firm performance over and above the improvement achieved from each set separately. Moreover, ABC was found to have a positive association with lean practice, and consequently an indirect positive relation with firm operational performance. Finally, both the differentiation and cost leadership strategy had a direct positive relationship with lean practices. However, while ABC was found to partially mediate the differentiation-lean association, it suppressed the cost leadership-lean association leading to a case of inconsistent mediation. The current study contributes to the current literature at different levels. First, at the theoretical level, this study develops a conceptual framework which crosses different streams of literatures mainly, lean system literature, management accounting literature (with focus on ABC), and business strategy literature. Unlike previous studies, by integrating the perspective of socio-technical system theory and contingency theory, the model (i) highlights not only the additive but also the synergistic effect of lean service practices on firm performance, (ii) brings to light the direct impact of ABC and business strategy on lean service practices and the intervening role of ABC due to which the business strategy is assumed to have also an indirect influence on lean practices, and (iii) offers an alternative view on how ABC can improve firm performance by enhancing other organisational capabilities (lean practices) which are expected to improve performance . Second, at the methodological level, unlike previous studies, this study includes a large number of lean service practices and contextual variables to report more precisely on the lean-performance association. In addition, the inclusion of the financial performance dimension-measured by secondary data- in the model besides the operational performance is critical to understand the full capability of lean service in improving firm performance. Further, employing a powerful statistical technique (PLS-SEM) provides more credibility to the results reported in this study. Third, at the empirical level, this study is conducted in the UK service sector. As such, this study is one of the very few studies that have reported on lean service and examined how the adoption of ABC and a specific type of business strategy can affect its implementation using empirical survey data from this context.Syrian Ministry of Higher Educatio

Analisis Tarif Penggunaan Bike-Sharing Berdasarkan Ability-to-Pay dan Willingness-to-Pay di Kampus Institut Teknologi Kalimantan

ITK needs to provide a facility that restricts private mode that operates on campus. Bike-sharing encourages greener mobility in the campus area. This study aims to get a model of bike-sharing users, with the market being the student who lives surrounding the campus area. The method uses both conventional and electric bikes' ability-to-pay and willingness-to-pay of students toward bike-sharing. The results show that the student's highest potency of the bike-sharing user is 82%, and the lowest is 44%. The highest potency of the electric bike for bike-sharing is 81%, and the lowest potency is 31%. The result also indicates that the students tend to use bike-sharing and consider tariffs rather than payment methods for conventional and electric bikes. The ability-to-pay and willingness-to-pay indicate the students are a choice raider. The value of ability-to-pay shows it is higher than willingness-to-pay towards the bike-sharing facility

Neurogenesis and Neuroprotection in Huntington Disease

Adult neurogenesis is attributed to the activity of progenitor cells whose progeny progressively mature to functional neurons under genetic and epigenetic influence. Due to the significant role of FGF6 (fibroblast growth factor 6), in the skeletal growth, and maintenance of progenitor cells in skeletal muscle, and the role of HDAC inhibitors (histone deacetylase inhibitors) in promoting neurogenesis, and increasing of neuronal proliferation, a combination of FGF6 with HDAC inhibitor CHDI-3 is investigated as a potential treatment to lessen neuronal loss in HD, by enhancing neurogenesis. Fascinatingly, FGF6 and HDAC inhibitor CHDI-3 treatment was found to be significantly neuroprotective in the expended huntingtin cell linesHdh111Q/111Q model 24hours after treatment during serum withdrawal. Results also show that FGF6 combined with HDAC inhibitor CHDI-3 was found to activate both pERK1/2and BDNF pathways in the expended huntingtin cell linesHdh111Q/111Q model 1 hour after treatment. In addition, results from Morris water maze indicate that neurogenesis inhibition negatively regulates the learning and spatial memory, and that neurogenesis occurs more in the young age, and decreases in the old age. Because pERK1/2, and BDNF pathways activation have been implicated in neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory and cell survival, we can conclude that FGF6 and HDAC inhibitors combined can be utilized for future therapeutic treatment to improve learning and memory for HD patients due to its enhancement of neurogenesis

Factors in Public School Settings that Result in Teacher Agency

A quality system for educating a nation’s youth depends upon a teaching force that continually learns, and applies its learning outcomes to active problem solving and development. Many current school and district models minimize teacher ability to engage in meaningful change, ultimately undermining the teachers’ sense of personal and professional agency. Literature suggests that internal forms of motivation are likely to result in the development of agency via self-determination of actions and behaviors. This mixed methods study examined five public schools in a small K-12 district through the lens of self-determination theory. An initial set of quantitative data were collected from 28 teachers to determine levels of satisfaction and frustration for autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs. Qualitative data were collected through eight interviews to provide descriptive detail on teacher experience. All data were analyzed using a self-determination theory framework. Development of teacher agency was assessed at three levels: Agency at the individual classroom level, agency in collaborative settings, and agency with regard to site leadership. Findings point to twelve operative factors that developed or encumbered teacher agency within the district

Magic Mountain

My installations are propositions for an imaginary world that relies on its own internal logic, a world of believability without recognition. While the work references landscape it also emphasizes its contrivance, as it is automatically estranged in an unnatural gallery setting. I subvert or de-familiarize the materials and processes that I use in the service of creating a fictitious environment. My places are impossible places. They are irregular, illogical, and unstable. Our imagination can be one of most dangerous things to psychological stability as it is an inventory of all things possible, no matter how irrational or improbable. The irrational is always an option, a lingering threat. The imagination seems to hate permissions and limitations, but is nevertheless lodged within them. I want to create a sense of nonsensical logic. If all things that can be imagined are logical possibilities, I want to find the place where fantasy seems to be just barely reality. If I can\u27t have an inherent contradiction, I\u27ll take an apparent one