Upholding heightened expectations of Indigenous children? Parents do, teachers do not

This paper argues that a component of increasing the rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and youths completing their secondary education is having parents and teachers maintain heightened expectations of these children in achieving this goal. To understand this phenomenon, we investigate the importance of, and discrepancies between, primary caregiver and teacher outlooks regarding Indigenous youths completing year 12. For the purpose of this paper, we adopt the term ‘primary caregiver’ in place of parent. This is because the majority (87.7%) of P1s analysed are the biological mothers with the remainder being close female relatives. P2s analysed are all male, 93.3% are biological fathers; remainder are step-fathers or adoptive fathers. This paper uses quantitative data from the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children to measure expectations from parents and teachers of Indigenous children. Results suggest that parents maintain exceptionally high expectations of their children, while teacher's expectations significantly decline over the course of Indigenous children's primary and secondary schooling years. We suggest that relationships and communication between parents and teachers, regarding expectations of students, are important to establishing an equilibrium in expectations of children, and that teachers may benefit from further training to address any underlying biases towards Indigenous children

Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil as a potent anti-inflammatory and antifungal drugs

Background: Volatile oils obtained from lemon grass [Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Poaceae family] are used in traditional medicine as remedies for the treatment of various diseases.Aims: In the present study, lemon grass essential oil (LGEO) was evaluated for its in vivo topical and oral  antiinflammatory effects, and for its in vitro antifungal activity using both liquid and vapor phases.Methods:The chemical profile ofLGEOas determined bygas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed twomajor components: geranial (42.2%), and neral (31.5%). The antifungal activity of LGEOwas evaluated against several pathogenic yeasts and filamentous fungi using disc diffusion and vapor diffusion methods.Results: LGEO exhibited promising antifungal effect against Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and Aspergillus niger, with different inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) (35-90 mm). IZD increased with increasing oil volume. Significantly, higher anti-Candida activity was observed in the vapor phase. For the evaluation of the antiinflammatory effect, LGEO (10 mg/kg, administered orally) significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema with a similar effect to that observed for oral diclofenac (50 mg/kg), which was used as the positive control. Oral administration of LGEO showed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, topical application of LGEO in vivo resulted in a potent anti-inflammatory effect, as demonstrated by using the mouse model of croton oil-induced ear edema. To our knowledge, this is the first such report to be published. The topical application of LGEO at doses of 5 and 10 mL/ear significantly reduced acute ear edema induced by croton oil in 62.5 and 75% of the mice, respectively. In addition, histological analysis clearly confirmed that LGEO inhibits the skin inflammatory response in animal models.Conclusion: Results of the present study indicate that LGEO has a noteworthy potential for the development of drugs for the treatment of fungal infections and skin inflammation that should be explored in future studies.Keywords: lemon grass; essential oil; antifungal activity; anti-inflammatory effect; citral; aromatherap

The enhancement of TiO?photocatalytic activity by hydrogen thermal treatment

Author name used in this publication: H. LiuAuthor name used in this publication: X. Z. Li2002-2003 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalAccepted ManuscriptPublishe

Reversibility of lymphomas and lymphoproliferative lesions developing under cyclosporin-steroid therapy

Post-transplant lymphomas or other lymphoproliferative lesions, which were usually associated with Epstein-Barr virus infections, developed in 8, 4, 3, and 2 recipients, respectively, of cadaveric kidney, liver, heart, and heart-lung homografts. Reduction or discontinuance of immunosuppression caused regression of the lesions, often without subsequent rejection of the grafts. Chemotherapy and irradiation were not valuable. The findings may influence policies about treating other kinds of post-transplantation neoplasms

Security Analysis and Modification of ID-Based Encryption with Equality Test from ACISP 2017

At ACISP 2017, Wu et al. presented an identity-based encryption with equality test (IBEET) that considers to prevent insider attacks. To analyze its security, they proposed a new security notion for IBEET, which is slightly weaker than the indistinguishability under adaptive identity and chosen ciphertext attacks (IND-ID-CCA2) for traditional identity-based encryption. Then, they claimed that their proposed scheme achieves this new security notion under the Bilinear Diffie-Hellman (BDH) assumption in the random oracle model. In this paper, we demonstrate that their scheme does not achieve the claimed security requirement by presenting an attack. Our attack algorithm is very simple: It requires only a pair of message and ciphertext, and takes one exponentiation and two bilinear map evaluations. Subsequently, we present a modification of their IBEET construction and show that it satisfies their security notion under the BDH assumption and the existence of strong pseudorandom permutation and existentially unforgeable message authentication code in the random oracle model. We remark that our modification has better efficiency than the original construction

Antioxidant properties of banana flower of two cultivars in China using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH,) reducing power, 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulphonate (ABTS) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays

In this study, the antioxidant properties of banana flower extracts (cvs. Baxijiao (AAA) and Paradisiaca (AAB)) were analysed by using several biochemical assays which include 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, 2, 2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in egg lecithin through the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). These assays have been extensively studied and generally accepted as models to characterize peroxidative damage in biomembranes. In the present study, the EC50 values were calculated using each method as listed above was used to compare the antioxidant efficiency of each banana flower extract. The phenol, flavonoid, vitamin E and saponin contents were also analyzed. Baxijiao flower extract revealed better antioxidant properties by presenting much lower EC50 values, particularly for reducing power. In addition, antioxidant concentrations (polyphenols and flavonoids) were found higher in this flower sample than those in the Paradisiaca sample. The results suggested that the Baxijiao flower could be a better resource either as a dietary supplement or as a food additive than the later one.Key words: Banana flower, antioxidant, scavenging effects, peroxidation

Availability of adequately iodized salt at the household level in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundIodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is a global, regional, and national public health problem that is preventable. Universal salt iodization is a worldwide accepted strategy to prevent IDD. The level of iodine in the salt should be adequate at the household level (≥15ppm). Though there was fragmented evidence on the proportion of adequately iodized salt at the household level in Ethiopia, the national level proportion of adequately iodized salt at the household level was remaining unknown. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the pooled proportion of adequately iodized salt at the household level in Ethiopia from 2013-2020.MethodWe systematically searched the databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Science Direct for studies conducted in Ethiopia on the availability of adequately iodized salt at the household level since 2013. We have included observational studies, which were published between January first, 2013, and 10 August 2020. The report was compiled according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of included studies was scored based on the Newcastle Ottawa quality assessment scale adapted for cross-sectional studies. The data were extracted in Microsoft excel and analyzed using Stata version 14.1 software. We employed a random-effects model to estimate the pooled proportion of adequately iodized salt at the household level in Ethiopia. The presence of statistical heterogeneity within the included studies was evaluated using the I-squared statistic. We used Egger's regression test to identify evidence of publication bias. The pooled proportion with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was presented using tables and forest plots.ResultsWe screened a total of 195 articles. Of these, 28 studies (with 15561 households) were included in the final systematic review and meta-analysis. In Ethiopia, the pooled proportion of adequately iodized salt at the household level was 37% (95% CI: 28, 46%). The subgroup analyses of 28 studies by residence revealed that the pooled proportion of adequately iodized salt at the household level was 32% (95% CI: 29, 35%) and 48% (95% CI: 31, 66%) in rural and urban areas, respectively. Based on geographic location, the highest proportion was found in Addis Ababa (81%; 95%CI: 78, 83), and the lowest proportion found in Dire Dawa (20%; 95%CI: 17, 22). Besides, the proportion of adequately iodized salt at the household level was significantly increased during 2017-2020 (42%; 95% CI: 30, 53%) as compared with 2013-2016 (27%; 95% CI: 17, 39%).ConclusionsIn Ethiopia, the pooled proportion of adequately iodized salt at the household level was very low as compared to the world health organization's recommendation. Thus, the Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia and different stakeholders should give more attention to improve the proportion of adequately iodized salt at the household level

Magnetic Field Mapping with a Squid Device

An ability to experimentally determine the magnetic field in the region close to the face of an eddy current coil, the normal location of the work piece, is very desirable. It allows confirmation of the theoretical design of complex coils, offers a potential method for rapid characterization of commercial coils, and may well provide a uniquely direct method of looking at coil/flaw interactions. However, the small size of typical eddy current probes presents some extreme problems in this regard. For the past year we have been attempting to determine the best method to use for measuring the field configuration in the near-field regio

QUANTIFICATION OF L-ASCORBIC ACID AND D-ISO-ASCORBIC ACID IN JELLIES FRUIT BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

QUANTIFICATION OF L-ASCORBIC ACID AND D-ISO-ASCORBIC ACID IN JELLIES FRUIT BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. Ascorbic acid has important nutritional characteristics such as high antioxidant potential, preventing diverse damage and diseases in the tissues and the process of aging. Different isomeric forms of the ascorbic acid can be found in nature and each one have different potential antioxidant and different activity pro-vitamin C. This work examined a method to detect and quantify the isomers L-ascorbic acid (LAA) and D-iso-ascorbic acid (DIAA) in jelly fruit. The method showed acceptable selectivity, linearity, repeatability and recovery. DIAA was not found in the analyzed samples, but LAA was found up to 605 mg in 100 g of sample.3551020102

Cumulative fatigue damage of stress below the fatigue limit in weldment steel under block loading

To investigate the cumulative fatigue damage below the fatigue limit of multipass weldment martensitic stainless steel, and to clarify the effect of cycle ratios and high‐stress level in the statement, fatigue tests were conducted under constant and combined high‐ and low‐stress amplitude relative to stress above and below the fatigue limit. The outcomes indicate that neither modified Miner's nor Haibach's approach provided accurate evaluation under repeated two‐step amplitude loading. Moreover, effect of cycle ratios has been determined. Additionally, the cumulative fatigue damage saturated model is established and validated. Cumulative fatigue damage contributed by low‐stress below the fatigue limit in high stress of 700 MPa is higher than that with 650 MPa at identical conditions (fatigue limit 575 MPa). Thus, high stress affects fatigue damage behaviour below the fatigue limit. A new predicted approach has been proposed based on Corten‐Dolan law, whose accuracy and applicability have been proven