Formulation of Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanopowder into Hybrid Beads for Dye Separation

The sol-gel prepared zinc oxide nanopowder was immobilized onto alginate-polyvinyl alcohol polymer blend to fabricate novel biocomposite beads. Various physicochemical characterization techniques have been utilized to identify the crystalline, morphological, and chemical structures of both the fabricated zinc oxide hybrid beads and their corresponding zinc oxide nanopowder. The thermal stability investigations demonstrate that ZnO nanopowder stability dramatically decreased with its immobilization into the polymeric alginate and PVA matrix. The formulated beads had very strong mechanical strength and they are difficult to be broken up to 1500 rpm. Moreover, these hybrid beads are chemically stable at the acidic media (pH < 7) especially within the pH range of 2–7. Finally, the applicability of the formulated ZnO hybrid beads for C.I. basic blue 41 (BB41) decolorization from aqueous solution was examined

Utilization of Synthesized Nano-Zinc Oxide in Yellow Basic Dye Decontamination from Industrial Wastewater

ZnO nanorod has been successfully synthesized through the reduction of Zinc chloride salt with ammonia solution in the presence of triethanolamine (TEA) as surfactant agent via hydrothermal technique. The properties of the produced material were determined using different characterization techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum (FTIR). The results showed that the asprepared ZnO are rod- like morphologies at pH equal to 10. The synthesized nano rod-zinc oxide was employed asadsorbent agent for basic yellow 28 dye decolorization from polluted industrial wastewater. The synthesized nano-ZnO was achieved 93.26% dye decolorization affinity with in 60minutes. The variation in the different processing parameters on the dye sorption process was elucidated using batch technique. The increment in both the dye solution pH and its  temperature was association with decline in the decolourization process. The optimum nano-zinc oxide dosage was recorded to be equal to 10 g/L. The adsorption data at equilibrium were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equilibrium isotherms. The experimental results confirmed the applicability of synthesized nano-zinc oxide as adsorbent agent for dye decontamination from polluted wastewater.Keywords: nano-zinc oxide, dye decolourization, sorption parameters

Influence of Reaction Time, Reducing Agent and Zinc Precursors on the Morphological Structures of Zinc Oxide

ZnO either nanoparticles or nanorods were synthesized via sol-gel technique. Many factors were studied and optimized in order to obtain different morphological structures of nano-ZnO. Effect of reaction time (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours) has been studied to optimize the best preparation condition. Reducing agent (NH3, NaOH and KOH) is one of the factors affect on morphological structures, which has been studied in this work. Other effect has been studied in this work is zinc precursors such as Zn(NO3)2, ZnAc2, ZnCl2, and ZnBr2. The morphological structures of prepared ZnO were revealed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the aspect ratios were calculated. x-ray diffraction (XRD) patternsexposed a highly crystallized wurtzite structure and used for identifying phase structure and chemical state of ZnO under different preparation conditions.Keywords: sol-gel, morphological structures, reducing agent, SEM, preparation conditions

Fabrication of ZnO and ZnO:Sb Nanoparticles for Gas Sensor Applications

ZnO and Sb-doped ZnO nanoparticles were successfully prepared using sol-gel technique. Different concentrations of triethanolamine (TEA) were utilized as the preparation procedure to act as complexing agent that enhances the doping probability of the formed Sb-doped ZnO nanopowder. Thick films of the prepared nanopowders were fabricated with spinner coating. Morphological characteristics, phase structure, chemical composition, thermal stability, and optical properties of the prepared nanopowders were measured and analyzed. The average crystallite size of ZnO and ZnO:Sb powders ranged between 19–28 nm according to the XRD calculations and TEM observations. The gas sensitivity of the homemade devices based on Sb-doped ZnO nanoparticles towards O2 and CO2 gases as a function of temperature was measured and compared with undoped ZnO films. The gas sensitivity of the films was greatly improved after doping with Sb and reached its maximum value of ~86% for O2 gas at 93:7 wt% of Zn:Sb

Influence of Reaction Time, Reducing Agent and Zinc Precursors on the Morphological Structures of Zinc Oxide

ZnO either nanoparticles or nanorods were synthesized via sol-gel technique. Many factors were studied and optimized in order to obtain different morphological structures of nano-ZnO. Effect of reaction time (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours) has been studied to optimize the best preparation condition. Reducing agent (NH3, NaOH and KOH) is one of the factors affect on morphological structures, which has been studied in this work. Other effect has been studied in this work is zinc precursors such as Zn (NO3)2, ZnAc2, ZnCl2, and ZnBr2. The morphological structures of prepared ZnO were revealed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the aspect ratios were calculated. x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns exposed a highly crystallized wurtzite structure and used for identifying phase structure and chemical state of ZnO under different preparation conditions

Utilization of Synthesized Nano-Zinc Oxide in Yellow Basic Dye Decontamination from Industrial Wastewater

ZnO nanorod has been successfully synthesized through the reduction of Zinc chloride salt with ammonia solution in the presence of triethanolamine (TEA) as surfactant agent via hydrothermal technique. The properties of the produced material were determined using different characterization techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum (FTIR). The results showed that the as prepared ZnO are rod- like morphologies at pH equal to 10. The synthesized nano rod-zinc oxide was employed as adsorbent agent for basic yellow 28 dye decolorization from polluted industrial wastewater. The synthesized nano-ZnO was achieved 93.26% dye decolorization affinity with in 60minutes. The variation in the different processing parameters on the dye sorption process was elucidated using batch technique. The increment in both the dye solution pH and its temperature was association with decline in the decolorization process. The optimum nano-zinc oxide dosage was recorded to be equal to 10 g/L. The adsorption data at equilibrium were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equilibrium isotherms. The experimental results confirmed the applicability of synthesized nano-zinc oxide as adsorbent agent for dye decontamination from polluted wastewater

Structural and Optical Properties of Varies Thickness of Znte Nanoparticle

ZnTe thin films of different thicknesses were deposited onto glass substrates for optical devices applications. Xray diffractogram of different thicknesses for ZnTe films are measured and their patterns exhibits polycrystalline nature with a preferential orientation along the (111) plane. X-ray diffraction techniques have been employed to determine themicrostructure parameters, both crystallite size and microstrain. Film thickness and the optical constants of ZnTe films were calculated based on the measured transmittance spectral data using Swanepole’s method in the wavelength range 400–2500 nm. The refractive index n and absorption index k were calculated and the refractive index exhibits a normal dispersion. The refractive index could be extrapolated by Cauchy dispersion relationship over the whole spectra range, which extended from 400 to 2500 nm. The optical band gap can be calculated in strong absorption region and displays an allowed direct transition. Both the refractive index and the band gap increase with the increase film thickness, thus ZnTe/glass substrates are good candidates in optoelectronic devices.Keywords: ZnTe, thin film, cry crystallitze size; microstrain; optical constants

Structural and Optical Properties of Varies Thickness of Znte Nanoparticle

ZnTe thin films of different thicknesses were deposited onto glass substrates for optical devices applications. Xray diffractogram of different thicknesses for ZnTe films are measured and their patterns exhibits polycrystalline nature with a preferential orientation along the (111) plane. X-ray diffraction techniques have been employed to determine the microstructure parameters, both crystallite size and microstrain. Film thickness and the optical constants of ZnTe films were calculated based on the measured transmittance spectral data using Swanepole’s method in the wavelength range 400–2500 nm. The refractive index n and absorption index k were calculated, and the refractive index exhibits a normal dispersion. The refractive index could be extrapolated by Cauchy dispersion relationship over the whole spectra range, which extended from 400 to 2500 nm. The optical band gap can be calculated in strong absorption region and displays an allowed direct transition. Both the refractive index and the band gap increase with the increase film thickness, thus ZnTe/glass substrates are good candidates in optoelectronic devices

Metabolomic Response of Calotropis procera Growing in the Desert to Changes in Water Availability

Water availability is a major limitation for agricultural productivity. Plants growing in severe arid climates such as deserts provide tools for studying plant growth and performance under extreme drought conditions. The perennial species Calotropis procera used in this study is a shrub growing in many arid areas which has an exceptional ability to adapt and be productive in severe arid conditions. We describe the results of studying the metabolomic response of wild C procera plants growing in the desert to a one time water supply. Leaves of C. procera plants were taken at three time points before and 1 hour, 6 hours and 12 hours after watering and subjected to a metabolomics and lipidomics analysis. Analysis of the data reveals that within one hour after watering C. procera has already responded on the metabolic level to the sudden water availability as evidenced by major changes such as increased levels of most amino acids, a decrease in sucrose, raffinose and maltitol, a decrease in storage lipids (triacylglycerols) and an increase in membrane lipids including photosynthetic membranes. These changes still prevail at the 6 hour time point after watering however 12 hours after watering the metabolomics data are essentially indistinguishable from the prewatering state thus demonstrating not only a rapid response to water availability but also a rapid response to loss of water. Taken together these data suggest that the ability of C. procera to survive under the very harsh drought conditions prevailing in the desert might be associated with its rapid adjustments to water availability and losses