Effects of Transcription Errors on Supervised Learning in Speech Recognition

Supervised learning using Hidden Markov Models has been used to train acoustic models for automatic speech recognition for several years. Typically clean transcriptions form the basis for this training regimen. However, results have shown that using sources of readily available transcriptions, which can be erroneous at times (e.g., closed captions) do not degrade the performance significantly. This work analyzes the effects of mislabeled data on recognition accuracy. For this purpose, the training is performed using manually corrupted training data and the results are observed on three different databases: TIDigits, Alphadigits and SwitchBoard. For Alphadigits, with 16% of data mislabeled, the performance of the system degrades by 12% relative to the baseline results. For a complex task like SWITCHBOARD, at 16% mislabeled training data, the performance of the system degrades by 8.5% relative to the baseline results. The training process is more robust to mislabeled data because the Gaussian mixtures that are used to model the underlying distribution tend to cluster around the majority of the correct data. The outliers (incorrect data) do not contribute significantly to the reestimation process

Unusual landing of yellow fin tuna at New Ferry Wharf, Mumbai

On 29-1-05 about 60 numbers of yellow fin tuna were landed at New Ferry wharf,Mumbai by two boats. The size of the tuna ranged from to 160 cm with each tuna weighing approximately 70-90 Kg

Unusual landing of Hilsa ilisha in gill net at New Ferry wharf, Mumbai

an unusual landing of 1200 kg of Hilsa ilisha was observed at New Ferry Wharf. H.ilisha is locally known as ‘paala’ and has very high demand in local markets

Unusual landings of Arius dussumieri by Karli dol net at Basien Koliwada

Arius dussumieri was landed by a Karli dol netter from a single haul from a depth of 24- 26 m at a distance of 40-50 km toward Gujarat. Karli dol is a fixed floating bag net, which is used by artisanal fishermen at Bassein Koliwada for catching pomfrets. The operation of this net is restricted to a depth of about 24-36 m

Conditions for the Quantum to Classical Transition: Trajectories vs. Phase Space Distributions

We contrast two sets of conditions that govern the transition in which classical dynamics emerges from the evolution of a quantum system. The first was derived by considering the trajectories seen by an observer (dubbed the ``strong'' transition) [Bhattacharya, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 85: 4852 (2000)], and the second by considering phase-space densities (the ``weak'' transition) [Greenbaum, et al., Chaos 15, 033302 (2005)]. On the face of it these conditions appear rather different. We show, however, that in the semiclassical regime, in which the action of the system is large compared to $\hbar$, and the measurement noise is small, they both offer an essentially equivalent local picture. Within this regime, the weak conditions dominate while in the opposite regime where the action is not much larger than Planck's constant, the strong conditions dominate.Comment: 8 pages, 2 eps figure

Parameter scaling in the decoherent quantum-classical transition for chaotic systems

The quantum to classical transition has been shown to depend on a number of parameters. Key among these are a scale length for the action, $\hbar$, a measure of the coupling between a system and its environment, $D$, and, for chaotic systems, the classical Lyapunov exponent, $\lambda$. We propose computing a measure, reflecting the proximity of quantum and classical evolutions, as a multivariate function of $(\hbar,\lambda,D)$ and searching for transformations that collapse this hyper-surface into a function of a composite parameter $\zeta = \hbar^{\alpha}\lambda^{\beta}D^{\gamma}$. We report results for the quantum Cat Map, showing extremely accurate scaling behavior over a wide range of parameters and suggest that, in general, the technique may be effective in constructing universality classes in this transition.Comment: Submitte

Optical Response of Grating-Coupler-Induced Intersubband Resonances: The Role of Wood's Anomalies

Grating-coupler-induced collective intersubband transitions in a quasi-two-dimensional electron system are investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Far-infrared transmission experiments are performed on samples containing a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas quantum-confined in a parabolic quantum well. For rectangular shaped grating couplers of different periods we observe a strong dependence of the transmission line shape and peak height on the period of the grating, i.e. on the wave vector transfer from the diffracted beams to the collective intersubband resonance. It is shown that the line shape transforms with increasing grating period from a Lorentzian into a strongly asymmetric line shape. Theoretically, we treat the problem by using the transfer-matrix method of local optics and apply the modal-expansion method to calculate the influence of the grating. The optically uniaxial quasi-two-dimensional electron gas is described in the long-wavelength limit of the random-phase approximation by a local dielectric tensor, which includes size quantization effects. Our theory reproduces excellently the experimental line shapes. The deformation of the transmission line shapes we explain by the occurrence of both types of Wood's anomalies.Comment: 28 pages, 7 figures. Physical Review B , in pres

Unusual landing of Seriolina nigrofasciata at New Ferry Wharf, Mumbai

Seriolina nigrofasciata (Ruppell, 1829) is a broadly distributed non-schooling, solitary species in the depth realm of 20 to 150 m. It feeds on demersal fish, cephalopods and prawns

Bumper catch of sea bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) by gill netters in Mumbai waters

Lates calcarifer is commonly called as giant sea bass, sea perch or giant brackish water perch and in Maharastra, locally known as ‘Khajura’ (Waghmare and Sawant, 1994). Sea bass is considered as a valuable seafood delicacy with good demand in market. They are found in coastal waters, estuaries and lagoons usually at a depth of 40 m and mainly feed on fishes and crustaceans