Histological Study of Aqueous Extracts Leek Allium porrum L. in Female Reproductive System of Laboratory White Rats

The aim of this study is to evaluate The effect of aqueous extracts of Allium porrum leafs on Reproductive system in female albino rats. This study was conducted in laboratories of  physiology and chemistry which belong to the College of Veterinary Medicine / University of kufa and laboratory of  physiology of Faculty of Dentistry / University of kufa for period from 17/12/2013 to 25/11/2013 .It was used female white rats giving deferent dosages with deferent concentration (400,800) mg/kg for 20 days. It shows significantly decreased (p? 0.05) In the weights of ovaries of white female rats for both concentrations (400,800) mg/kg and the concentration 800 mg/kg is the more significant in reducing the weights of the ovaries comparing with control group . It also shows significant increase (p? 0.05) in the weights of uterus for both concentrations 400,800 mg/kg and the concentration 800 mg/kg is the more significant in increasing the weights of the uterus comparing with control group. The histological study showed significant decrease (p? 0.05) in the number of the primary , secondary follicle and graffian follicle after dosing for both concentrations and duration , the reveals significant increase (p? 0.05) in the thickness of endothelium of the uterus in the female white rats after dosing for treatment by this was 800 mg/kg for period of 20 days compared with the control group. In short , the aqueous of leek extract acts as anti- fertility in white female rats through its negative effects on the genitals ovaries and uterus, Effect of aqueous of leek extract for two concentration on the weight of ovaries and uterus , Also effect in the numbers of primary , secondary and graffian follicles and the effect of aqueous of leek extract in the thickness of endometrium and myometrium. Keywords : Allium porrum , Reproductive system, Albino Rats

Effect of stage of maturity at harvest, post-harvest storage and cultivar on some quality determinations of tomato fruits

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 A45Master of Scienc

Cellular Therapy for Wounds: Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Wound Healing

Despite progress in wound treatment including gene therapy, biological dresses and engineered skin equivalents, present treatment options for chronic wounds are restricted and not always effective. For example, inability to get consistent product from the introduced gene, biological covers may give rise to hypoxic conditions and engineered skin models are limited by their construction from substances which are hard to be degraded, and do not always result in complete replication into normal uninjured skin. A growing body of evidence suggests mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and their secreted growth factors and microvesicles, may potentiate the wound‐healing process and as such their addition to novel wound‐healing treatments may improve the efficacy of current therapeutic strategies. Recent studies report the ability of bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BM‐MSCs) to migrate and differentiate into skin cells in vivo

Pengaruh tahap stres terhadap kepuasan kerja dalam Kalangan pengajar kolej vokasional di Negeri Pahang

Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengkaji mengenai pengaruh stres terhadap kepuasan kerja dalam kalangan pengajar KV di negeri Pahang dengan memberikan tumpuan kepada tiga aspek iaitu aspek beban kerja, aspek karenah pelajar serta aspek penghargaan dan sokongan. Seramai 240 orang responden yang terdiri daripada kalangan pengajar di lapan buah KV di negeri Pahang telah dipilih secara rawak mudah. Nilai kebolehpercayaan Alpha Cronbach bagi keseluruhan soal selidik ini ialah 0.898. Soal selidik berkaitan pengaruh stres terhadap kepuasan kerja dibina sendiri dan selebihnya diubahsuai berpandukan instrumen yang digunakan oleh penyelidik terdahulu bagi menyediakan pelbagai jenis soalan berdasarkan objektif kajian. Kajian sebenar dijalankan dengan mengedarkan borang soal selidik mengandungi 58 item soalan kepada 240 responden. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 22. Analisis statistik deskriptif iaitu skor min dan sisihan piawai digunakan bagi mengenal pasti tahap stres bagi aspek beban tugas, karenah pelajar serta penghargaan dan sokongan dalam kalangan pengajar. Manakala analisis ujian regrasi pelbagai digunakan bagi mengesan pengaruh stres terhadap kepuasan kerja. Dapatan kajian mendapati min keseluruhan tahap stres bagi aspek beban tugas dan karenah pelajar adalah sederhana dengan nilai skor min 3.49. Manakala hasil dapatan keseluruhan nilai min bagi konstruk tahap stres aspek penghargaan dan sokongan berada pada tahap yang tinggi iaitu 3.81. Dapatan analisis ujian regrasi pelbagai pula menunjukkan tahap stres bagi aspek beban tugas, aspek karenah pelajar dan aspek penghargaan dan sokongan mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja. Oleh itu, beberapa cadangan telah dikemukakan dalam kajian ini dalam usaha menangani stres yang berterusan serta boleh mempengaruhi tahap kepuasan kerja. Antara cadangan pengkaji adalah tenaga pengajar diberi lebih banyak pendedahan berkaitan perubahan sistem pendidikan vokasional yang dialami sekarang agar mereka lebih bersedia dalam menggalas tugas yang baharu seterusmya akan memberi kepuasan kerja dalam kalangan pengajar KV

Species and tissue-specificity of prokinetic, laxative and spasmodic effects of Fumaria parviflora

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Fumaria parviflora </it>Linn. (<it>Fumariaceae</it>), is a small branched annual herb found in many parts of the world including Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. This study was designed to provide pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of <it>Fumaria parviflora </it>in gut motility disorders.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The <it>in-vivo </it>prokinetic and laxative assays were conducted in mice. Isolated intestinal preparations (ileum and jejunum) from different animal species (mouse, guinea-pig and rabbit) were separately suspended in tissue baths containing Tyrode's solution bubbled with carbogen and maintained at 37°C. The spasmogenic responses were recorded using isotonic transducers coupled with PowerLab data acquisition system.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The aqueous-methanol extract of <it>Fumaria parviflora </it>(Fp.Cr), which tested positive for the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and anthraquinones showed partially atropine-sensitive prokinetic and laxative activities in the <it>in-vivo </it>in mice at 30 and 100 mg/kg. In the <it>in-vitro </it>studies, Fp.Cr (0.01-1 mg/ml) caused a concentration-dependent atropine-sensitive stimulatory effect both in mouse tissues (jejunum and ileum), and rabbit jejunum but had no effect in rabbit ileum. In guinea-pig tissues (ileum and jejunum), the crude extract showed a concentration-dependent stimulatory effect with higher efficacy in ileum and the effect was partially blocked by atropine, indicating the involvement of more than one types of gut-stimulant components (atropine-sensitive and insensitive). This could be a plausible reason for the greater efficacy of Fp.Cr in gut preparations of guinea-pig than in rabbit or mouse.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study shows the prokinetic, laxative and spasmodic effects of the plant extract partially mediated through cholinergic pathways with species and tissue-selectivity, and provides a sound rationale for the medicinal use of <it>Fumaria parviflora </it>in gut motility disorders such as, indigestion and constipation. This study also suggests using different species to know better picture of pharmacological profile of the test material.</p

Gastrointestinal nematode infections in German sheep

The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and variation of natural gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections in lambs according to birth type, gender and breed based on individual faecal egg counts (FEC) from various regions in Germany. A total of 3,924 lambs (3 to 15 months old) with different genetic backgrounds (Merinoland, German Blackhead Mutton, Rhoen, Texel and Merino long-wool) were individually sampled during the grazing period between 2006 and 2008. Furthermore, pooled faecal samples from each of the farms were cultured in order to differentiate the third-stage larvae of the nematode spp. Sixty-three percent of the lambs were infected with GIN. The infections were mostly low to moderate and involved several nematode species. The Trichostrongylus spp. was the predominant species based on the percentage of larvae in faecal cultures. Only 11.4% of the lambs were free of Eimeria oocysts. Tapeworm eggs were encountered in 13.2% of all samples. The prevalence of GIN infections varied significantly (P < 0.001) among farms. A significantly higher FEC (P < 0.05) was observed in multiple-born lambs when compared with singletons. Moreover, male lambs were more susceptible to infection than females (P < 0.001). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed between breeds regarding FEC. Inter-individual variations were higher than inter-breed differences, which may indicate the possibility of selection within these breeds for parasites resistance as described in earlier studies

BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License