Rutinszerű légköri vertikális profilmérések végrehajtására alkalmas drón mérőhálózat kialakítása

A Meteorológiai Világszervezet felmérése szerint komoly adathiány van a légkör függőleges jellemzőit leíró mérésekből, ami az aktuális állapot elégtelen meghatározása mellett kihatással van a meteorológiai előrejelzések pontosságára is. A probléma lehetséges megoldását a Meteorológiai Világszervezet a drónok profilozó célú alkalmazásában látja, aminek érdekében 2024-ben globális mérési kampányt is indít, melyre hazánkból egyedüliként a MouldTech Systems regisztrált és kezdte meg ezirányú fejlesztéseit. Cikkünkben a fejlesztés eddigi eredményeinek és az ezek elérése érdekében leküzdött akadályok felvázolása mellett a tervezett mérőrendszer teljes funkcionalitásának és az ennek elérését várhatóan kísérő kihívásoknak a bemutatását tűztük ki célul

Modeling of urban heat island using adjusted static database

In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was applied to examine the spatial and temporal formation of urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon in Szeged, Hungary. In order to achieve a more accurate representation of complex urban surface properties in WRF, a modified static database (consists of land use and urban canopy parameters) had been developed using satellite images and building information. In the new database, the number of urban grids increased by 76% related to the default case. The urban landscape in WRF has become more complex after employing two urban land use classes instead of only one. The modification of the default parameters of a single layer urban scheme (i.e., Single Layer Urban Canopy Model – SLUCM) revealed that urban fractions decreased in all urban categories, while street widths increased resulting in narrower urban canyons. For testing the impact of the modifications on near-surface temperature estimation, a four-day heatwave period was selected from 2015. The model outputs had been evaluated against the observations of the local urban climate monitoring system (UCMS). WRF with the modified parameters simulated most of the features of UHI reasonably well. In most cases, biases with the simulations of the adjusted static database tended to be significantly lower than with the default parameters. Additionally, we picked out a longer time period (i.e., the summer of 2015) when the extreme values of near-surface air temperature and maxima of UHI intensities were evaluated on the basis of an urban and a rural site of UCMS. It was concluded that the maxima and minima of observed nearsurface air temperature were underestimated (overestimated) by about 1–3 °C at the urban (rural) site. The maxima of UHI intensities indicated cold biases on 86 of 91 days

Sensitivity of WRF-simulated planetary boundary layer height to land cover and soil changes

Planetary boundary layer (PBL) height sensitivity to both so-called single and accumulated land cover and soil changes is investigated in shallow convection under cloud-free conditions to compare the effects. Single land cover type and soil changes are carried out to be able to unequivocally separate the cause and effect relationships. The Yonsei University scheme in the framework of the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale modeling system is used as a research tool. The area investigated lies in the Carpathian Basin, where anticyclonic weather type influence dominated on the five summer days chosen for simulations. Observation-based methods applied for validating diurnal PBL height courses manifest great deviations reaching 500–1300 m. The obtained deviations are somewhat smaller around midday and greater at night. They can originate either from the differences in the measuring principles or from the differences in the atmospheric profiles used. Concerning sensitivity analyses, we showed that PBL height differences caused by soil change are comparable with the PBL height differences caused by land cover change. The differences are much greater in the single than in the accumulated tests. Space averaged diurnal course difference around midday reaching a few tens of meters can be presumably treated as strongly significant. PBL height differences obtained in the sensitivity analyses are, at least in our case, smaller than those obtained by applying different observation based methods. The results may be utilized in PBL height diurnal course analyses