221 research outputs found
Generators of split extensions of Abelian groups by cyclic groups
Let be an -generator group with Abelian and
cyclic. We study the Nielsen equivalence classes and T-systems of generating
-tuples of . The subgroup can be turned into a finitely generated
faithful module over a suitable quotient of the integral group ring of .
When is infinite, we show that the Nielsen equivalence classes of the
generating -tuples of correspond bijectively to the orbits of unimodular
rows in under the action of a subgroup of . Making no
assumption on the cardinality of , we exhibit a complete invariant of
Nielsen equivalence in the case . As an application, we classify
Nielsen equivalence classes and T-systems of soluble Baumslag-Solitar groups,
lamplighter groups and split metacyclic groups.Comment: 36 pages, The former Theorem F.ii has been retracted because the
proof was wrong and couldn't be repaired. To appear in Groups, Geometry and
Dynamic
Limits of Baumslag-Solitar groups and dimension estimates in the space of marked groups
We prove that the limits of Baumslag-Solitar groups which we previously
studied are non-linear hopfian C*-simple groups with infinitely many twisted
conjugacy classes. We exhibit infinite presentations for these groups, classify
them up to group isomorphism, describe their automorphisms and discuss the word
and conjugacy problems. Finally, we prove that the set of these groups has
non-zero Hausforff dimension in the space of marked groups on two generators.Comment: 30 pages, no figures, englis
Evidence for global runoff increase related to climate warming
Ongoing global climatic change initiated by the anthropogenic release of carbon dioxide is a matter of intense debate. We focus both on the impact of these climatic changes on the global hydrological cycle and on the amplitude of the increase of global and continental runoff over the last century, in relation to measured temperature increases. In this contribution, we propose an original statistical wavelet-based method for the reconstruction of the monthly discharges of worldwide largest rivers. This method provides a data-based approximation of the evolution of the annual continental and global runoffs over the last century. A consistent
correlation is highlighted between global annual temperature and runoff, suggesting a 4% global runoff increase by 1 C global temperature rise. However, this global trend should be qualified at the regional scale where both increasing and decreasing trends are identified. North America runoffs appear to be the most sensitive to the recent climatic changes. Finally, this contribution provides the first experimental data-based evidence demonstrating the link between the global warming and the intensification of the global hydrological cycle. This corresponds to more intense evaporation over oceans coupled to continental precipitation increase or continental evaporation decrease. This process finally leads to an increase of the global continental runoff
Reply to comment of Legates et al.
In the previous comment, Legates et al. express concern about the statistical reliability of the positive runoff–temperature relationship presented by Labat et al. We are grateful for this opportunity to respond to these concerns. As Legates et al. correctly points out, the effect of temperature on runoff is a complex relationship, which involves precipitation, evaporation, anthropomorphic affects, among others. As such, the effect of increased temperature on runoff is strongly dependent on the identity of the watershed of interest. For example, a watershed located in a glaciated region, such as Iceland, exhibits a strong positive correlation between runoff and temperature, whereas a watershed located in a arid climate, such as the Sahara desert, exhibits a negative correlation; often there is no run off at all during the summer months in such watersheds
Opportunity and/or necessity entrepreneurship? The impact of the socio-economic characteristics of entrepreneurs
Few studies have tried to identify the impact of the socio-economic characteristics of entrepreneurs on their opportunity-necessity positioning. Based on a sample of 538 entrepreneurs, we point out that individuals who get involved in an entrepreneurial process, have encountered a situation of necessity and/or opportunity and that the latter can take various forms. We point out the impact of the socio-economic characteristics of entrepreneurs on the alignment of their project with a necessity or opportunity entrepreneurial dynamics. The existence of sub-profiles of entrepreneurs within the necessity-opportunity typology is also highlighted. We point out, for instance, that not all jobseekers are necessity entrepreneurs and that new venture creation based on family pressure may convey both a necessity and opportunity dimension. Finally, our survey reveals a new kind of entrepreneurship: the hobby entrepreneurship.Necessity - Opportunity - motivations
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