Performance Analysis of Adhoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Destination Sequence Routing (DSR) protocols in Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET)

This research paper compares the performance of MANET routing protocol such as Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Destination Sequence Routing (DSR) protocol at different Node mobility and node density under different Traffic loads. The experimental data that i got are different from the original data because of several factors like random seed value, number of packets to be sent, packet size, start and end time during simulation and interdeparture time of the Constant Bit Rate generator etc. AODV produced control packets with more than 34 times and DSR more than 4 times when the traffic load was increased. However, DSR is less vulnerable to node mobility and node density in terms routing overhead and is also best suited for scalability compared to AODV

Computing Multidimensional Persistence

The theory of multidimensional persistence captures the topology of a multifiltration -- a multiparameter family of increasing spaces. Multifiltrations arise naturally in the topological analysis of scientific data. In this paper, we give a polynomial time algorithm for computing multidimensional persistence. We recast this computation as a problem within computational algebraic geometry and utilize algorithms from this area to solve it. While the resulting problem is Expspace-complete and the standard algorithms take doubly-exponential time, we exploit the structure inherent withing multifiltrations to yield practical algorithms. We implement all algorithms in the paper and provide statistical experiments to demonstrate their feasibility.Comment: This paper has been withdrawn by the authors. Journal of Computational Geometry, 1(1) 2010, pages 72-100. http://jocg.org/index.php/jocg/article/view/1

Comparative Analysis of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are selfconfiguring networks of nodes connected via wireless. This kind of networks is currently one of the most important research subjects, due to the huge variety of applications (emergency, military, etc...). In MANETs, each node acts both as host and as router, thus, it must be capable of forwarding packets to other nodes. Topologies of these networks change frequenly. To solve this problem, special routing protocols for MANETs are needed because traditional routing protocols for wired networks cannot work efficiently in MANETs

Performance Evaluation for Ad hoc Routing Protocol in Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET)

In this paper we researched about different ad hoc routing protocols for VANET. The main aim of our study was to identify which ad hoc routing technique has better execution in highly mobile environment of VANET. To measure the performance of routing protocols in VANET, we considered two different situations i.e. city and highway. Routing protocols were selected carefully after carrying out literature review. The selected protocols were then evaluated through simulation in terms of performance metrics i.e. throughput and packet drop. From results, we observe that A-STAR shows better performance in form of high throughput and low packet drop as compare to AODV and GPSR in city environment, while GPSR shows better performance as compare to AODV in both highway and city environment of VANET

Behavior-Based Outlier Detection for Network Access Control Systems

Network Access Control (NAC) systems manage the access of new devices into enterprise networks to prevent unauthorised devices from attacking network services. The main difficulty with this approach is that NAC cannot detect abnormal behaviour of devices connected to an enterprise network. These abnormal devices can be detected using outlier detection techniques. Existing outlier detection techniques focus on specific application domains such as fraud, event or system health monitoring. In this paper, we review attacks on Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) enterprise networks as well as existing clustering-based outlier detection algorithms along with their limitations. Importantly, existing techniques can detect outliers, but cannot detect where or which device is causing the abnormal behaviour. We develop a novel behaviour-based outlier detection technique which detects abnormal behaviour according to a device type profile. Based on data analysis with K-means clustering, we build device type profiles using Clustering-based Multivariate Gaussian Outlier Score (CMGOS) and filter out abnormal devices from the device type profile. The experimental results show the applicability of our approach as we can obtain a device type profile for five dell-netbooks, three iPads, two iPhone 3G, two iPhones 4G and Nokia Phones and detect outlying devices within the device type profile

Effect of Different Inlet/Outlet Port Configurations on the Thermal Management of Prismatic Li-ion Batteries

© 2022 by ASME. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4055340The performance and life cycle of Li-ion batteries are governed by the maximum temperature and uniformity of temperature distribution in the battery pack and an efficient thermal management system is highly desired to keep the operating temperature of battery pack within safe operating limits. Air-cooling has received an extensive attention in the area of battery thermal management however, performance intensification of air-cooling modules is quite essential while keeping the simplicity of design to satisfy the weight and space constraints of the electric vehicle applications. Therefore, in the current work, efforts have been made to design a simple and generalized air-cooling module for the efficient thermal management of the Li-ion batteries. The current work explored the effect of two common air flow configurations: side inlet and side outlet (SS) and side inlet and front outlet (SF), with different number of inlet/ outlet ports (single inlet and single outlet, single inlet and two outlets, two inlets and single outlet, and two inlets and two outlets) on the thermal and hydraulic performance of the Li-ion battery pack. Subsequently, a new design of battery module with an open outlet port is proposed. It is observed that the way fluid leaves the cooling module significantly influences the flow and temperature distribution uniformity of the battery pack. Significant improvement in the fluid flow distribution and lower temperature fluctuation are maintained by the SF designs as compared to the SS designs. Among all SS designs, only SS-Ib at Vin ≥ 5.6 m/s and SS-IV at Vin ≥ 4.8 m/s are found suitable for the thermal management of Li-ion battery pack, whereas all SF designs maintained desired Tmax and ΔTmax conditions at Vin ≥ 4.8 m/s. Furthermore, the new design (SF-V) with an open outlet results in the reduction of Tmax by 7 °C and ΔTmax by 64.5% as compared to base design (SS-Ia) at same pressure drop penalty.Peer reviewe

Biofortification of Vermicompost with Beneficial Microorganisms and Its Field Performance in Horticultural Crops

Background of problem: Traditional vermicompost may be unable to provide the ideal nutritional balance for certain horticultural crops. It might be challenging to predict how well crops will perform when vermicompost batches have varying nutritional amounts. Traditional vermicompost may not necessarily include a wide enough range of microorganisms to support strong plant growth and effectively ward soil-borne diseases. Crops used for horticulture have specific nutrient requirements and are more susceptible to pests and diseases. The existing field of vermicompost biofortification, emphasize the critical role Trichoderma and other beneficial microbes play in increasing the potency of this organic fertilizer. Vermicompost, a nutrient-rich byproduct of organic waste decomposition mediated by earthworms, contributes significantly to soil fertility and plant nutrition. However, it typically lacks the proper balance of nutrients. Trichoderma and other beneficial bacteria in vermicompost can enhance nutrient intake, promote robust plant development, and boost resistance to pests and diseases. Microbes enhance nutrient biofortification in crops, focusing on its effect on uptake in horticultural crops. This research discusses how Trichoderma stimulates growth and solubilizes minerals, increasing their availability for plants. The broader impacts of vermicompost biofortification with different microbes include impoved soil health, sustainable agriculture, and lowering dependency on synthetic fertilizers. The interaction between different microbes, vermicompost and the implications for nutrient-dense crops and sustainable food production are significant

PyBADS: Fast and robust black-box optimization in Python

PyBADS is a Python implementation of the Bayesian Adaptive Direct Search (BADS) algorithm for fast and robust black-box optimization (Acerbi and Ma 2017). BADS is an optimization algorithm designed to efficiently solve difficult optimization problems where the objective function is rough (non-convex, non-smooth), mildly expensive (e.g., the function evaluation requires more than 0.1 seconds), possibly noisy, and gradient information is unavailable. With BADS, these issues are well addressed, making it an excellent choice for fitting computational models using methods such as maximum-likelihood estimation. The algorithm scales efficiently to black-box functions with up to $D \approx 20$ continuous input parameters and supports bounds or no constraints. PyBADS comes along with an easy-to-use Pythonic interface for running the algorithm and inspecting its results. PyBADS only requires the user to provide a Python function for evaluating the target function, and optionally other constraints. Extensive benchmarks on both artificial test problems and large real model-fitting problems models drawn from cognitive, behavioral and computational neuroscience, show that BADS performs on par with or better than many other common and state-of-the-art optimizers (Acerbi and Ma 2017), making it a general model-fitting tool which provides fast and robust solutions.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure. Documentation is available at https://acerbilab.github.io/pybads/ and source code is available at https://github.com/acerbilab/pybad