Traducción y diplomacia: nuevos retos de la traducción en el ámbito de las relaciones entre China y América Latina y el Caribe

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Departamento de Lingüística, Lenguas Modernas, Lógica y Fª de la Ciencia y Tª de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada. Fecha de lectura: 20-07-2021En situaciones diplomáticas, dado que los países utilizan lenguas diferentes, la calidad de la traducción afectará directamente a la imagen de un país e incluso a las relaciones diplomáticas. Por ello, es especialmente importante mejorar la calidad de la traducción diplomática. En la actualidad, aunque existe mucha literatura sobre la traducción diplomática, la mayoría de ellas se centran en la traducción entre el chino y el inglés, y faltan investigaciones más profundas sobre la traducción entre el chino y el español. En los últimos años, con las interacciones cada vez más frecuentes entre China y el mundo hispano y la profundización de los intercambios y la cooperación en diversos ámbitos, es necesario colmar urgentemente la laguna existente en este campo. Debido a las diferencias históricas, económicas, culturales, de pensamiento y de ideología entre China y los países de habla hispana, en el proceso de traducción se producen problemas y errores que pueden deteriorar la calidad de la traducción y provocar desviaciones o incluso malentendidos del texto original por parte de los lectores de la lengua de llegada. En el presente trabajo, intentaríamos, por un lado, discutimos y resumimos el estado actual de la investigación sobre la traducción diplomática; por otro lado, estudiamos los errores y problemas derivados de la misma mediante la construcción de un corpus basándose en los textos diplomáticos publicados en el sitio web del Foro China-CELAC y formamos un glosario de traducción diplomática correspondienteIn diplomatic situations, since countries use different languages, the quality of the translation will directly affect a country's image and even diplomatic relations. Therefore, it is especially important to improve the quality of diplomatic translation. At present, although there is a lot of literature on diplomatic translation, most of them focus on Chinese-English translation, and more in-depth research on Chinese-Spanish translation is lacking. In recent years, with the increasingly frequent interactions between China and the Hispanic world and the deepening of exchanges and cooperation in various fields, there is an urgent need to fill the gap in this field. Due to the historical, economic, cultural, thought, and ideological differences between China and Spanish-speaking countries, problems and errors occur in the translation process that may deteriorate the quality of the translation and cause deviations or even misunderstandings of the original text by the readers of the target language. In the present investigation, we would attempt, on the one hand, to discuss and summarize the current state of research on diplomatic translation; on the other hand, we study the errors and problems arising from it by constructing a corpus based on the diplomatic texts published on the China- CELAC Forum website and form a corresponding diplomatic translation glossar

CIR at the NTCIR-17 ULTRE-2 Task

The Chinese academy of sciences Information Retrieval team (CIR) has participated in the NTCIR-17 ULTRE-2 task. This paper describes our approaches and reports our results on the ULTRE-2 task. We recognize the issue of false negatives in the Baidu search data in this competition is very severe, much more severe than position bias. Hence, we adopt the Dual Learning Algorithm (DLA) to address the position bias and use it as an auxiliary model to study how to alleviate the false negative issue. We approach the problem from two perspectives: 1) correcting the labels for non-clicked items by a relevance judgment model trained from DLA, and learn a new ranker that is initialized from DLA; 2) including random documents as true negatives and documents that have partial matching as hard negatives. Both methods can enhance the model performance and our best method has achieved nDCG@10 of 0.5355, which is 2.66% better than the best score from the organizer.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, NTCIR-1

Feature-Enhanced Network with Hybrid Debiasing Strategies for Unbiased Learning to Rank

Unbiased learning to rank (ULTR) aims to mitigate various biases existing in user clicks, such as position bias, trust bias, presentation bias, and learn an effective ranker. In this paper, we introduce our winning approach for the "Unbiased Learning to Rank" task in WSDM Cup 2023. We find that the provided data is severely biased so neural models trained directly with the top 10 results with click information are unsatisfactory. So we extract multiple heuristic-based features for multi-fields of the results, adjust the click labels, add true negatives, and re-weight the samples during model training. Since the propensities learned by existing ULTR methods are not decreasing w.r.t. positions, we also calibrate the propensities according to the click ratios and ensemble the models trained in two different ways. Our method won the 3rd prize with a DCG@10 score of 9.80, which is 1.1% worse than the 2nd and 25.3% higher than the 4th.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, WSDM Cup 202

Design, fabrication, and cold test of a high frequency system for an H-band sheet beam travelling wave tube

The design, fabrication and cold test of a high frequency system (HFS) for an H-band (220-325GHz) sheet beam travelling wave tube is presented in this article. The HFS was composed of a 90-period double-staggered grating waveguide and a pair of identical L-shaped couplers with Bragg reflectors and matching steps. The HFS was manufactured by nano-computer numerical control machining and its electromagnetic properties were measured by using a vector network analyzer. The measured S-parameters were in good agreement with the simulated ones, which predicted a 3 dB bandwidth of ∼47.0 GHz. The maximum value of the measured transmission coefficient S 21 was -4.9 dB and the in-band port reflection S 11 was around -15.0 dB. Based on the cold testing-based HFS, simulations of the beam wave interaction predicted a stable output power of over 55.1 W in the frequency range of 230-280 GHz. In addition, the instabilities of the beam wave interaction were investigated in the simulation

Effects of Coronal Magnetic Field Configuration on Particle Acceleration and Release during the Ground Level Enhancement Events in Solar Cycle 24

Ground level enhancements (GLEs) are extreme solar energetic particle (SEP) events that are of particular importance in space weather. In solar cycle 24, two GLEs were recorded on 2012 May 17 (GLE 71) and 2017 September 10 (GLE 72), respectively, by a range of advanced modern instruments. Here we conduct a comparative analysis of the two events by focusing on the effects of large-scale magnetic field configuration near active regions on particle acceleration and release. Although the active regions both located near the western limb, temporal variations of SEP intensities and energy spectra measured in-situ display different behaviors at early stages. By combining a potential field model, we find the CME in GLE 71 originated below the streamer belt, while in GLE 72 near the edge of the streamer belt. We reconstruct the CME shock fronts with an ellipsoid model based on nearly simultaneous coronagraph images from multi-viewpoints, and further derive the 3D shock geometry at the GLE onset. The highest-energy particles are primarily accelerated in the shock-streamer interaction regions, i.e., likely at the nose of the shock in GLE 71 and the eastern flank in GLE 72, due to quasi-perpendicular shock geometry and confinement of closed fields. Subsequently, they are released to the field lines connecting to near-Earth spacecraft when the shocks move through the streamer cusp region. This suggests that magnetic structures in the corona, especially shock-streamer interactions, may have played an important role in the acceleration and release of the highest-energy particles in the two events.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

Neural-Linear Attack Based on Distribution Data and Its Application on DES

The neural-differential distinguisher proposed by Gohr boosted the development of neural aided differential attack. As another significant cryptanalysis technique, linear attack has not been developing as rapidly in combination with deep learning technology as differential attack. In 2020, Hou et al. proposed the first neural-linear attack with one bit key recovery on 3, 4 and 5-round DES and restricted multiple bits recovery on 4 rounds, where the effective bits in one plain-ciphertext pair are spliced as one data sample. In this paper, we compare the neural-linear cryptanalysis with neural-differential cryptanalysis and propose a new data preprocessing algorithm depending on their similarities and differences. We call the new data structure distribution data. Basing on it, we mount our key recovery on round-reduced DES—first, we raise the accuracy of the neural-linear distinguisher by about 50%. Second, our distinguisher improves the effectiveness of one bit key recovery against 3, 4 and 5-round DES than the former one, and attack 6-round DES with success rate of 60.6% using 2048 plain-ciphertext pairs. Third, we propose a real multiple bit key recovery algorithm, leading neural-linear attack from theory to practice

Reaction And Characterization Of Low-Temperature Effect Of Transition Nanostructure Metal Codoped Scr Catalyst

Typical p-type semiconductor MnO codoped with n-type semiconductors such as CeO2 and V2O5 was reported to achieve high efficiency in catalytic NO removal by NH3. In this paper, we present novel Mn-Ce codoped V2O5/TiO2 catalyst which exhibited an excellent NO conversion efficiency of 90% at 140°C. By using this codoped catalyst, the best low-temperature activity was greatly decreased when compared with single Mn- or Ce-doped catalyst. According to the characterization results from BET, XRD, and XPS, the codoped catalyst was composed of both CeO2 and amorphous Mn. The electron circulation formed between doping elements is believed to promote the electron transfer, which may be one of the reasons for excellent low-temperature denitration performance