Intervención psicológica con padres: una alternativa en la búsqueda de logros deportivos

  The degree of influence on the part of parents in the process of sporting achievement is remarkable. Research has shown the way in which parents’ behavior is connected with the choice of sporting activity, motivational guidance and even in the results of competition. In view of the great amount of work which has focused on direct psychological intervention with those who practice sports, this study seeks to offer a general intervention framework which would lead to sporting achievement through the acquisition of suitable skills for parents.Es notable la gran influencia que ejercen los padres en el proceso deportivo que llevan sus hijos. Las investigaciones han mostrado la manera en que el comportamiento de los padres se asocia con la elección de la modalidad deportiva, la orientación motivacional e incluso los resultados deportivos. En vista de que la gran mayoría de trabajos se ha enfocado en la intervención psicológica directa con los deportistas, este trabajo pretender ofrecer un marco general de intervención que permita la adquisición de logros deportivos mediante la adquisición de habilidades propias para los padres.É notável a grande influencia que exercem os pais no processo esportivo que levam seus filhos. As pesquisas têm mostrado o jeito em que o comportamento dos pais esta associado com a eleição da modalidade esportiva, a orientação motivacional e ainda com os resultados esportivos. Como a maioria de trabalhos tem se centrado na intervenção psicológica direta com os esportistas, este trabalho quer oferecer um marco geral de intervenção que permita a aquisição de êxitos esportivos mediante a aquisição de habilidades próprias para os pais

Implicaciones de la Autoeficacia en el rendimiento deportivo.

Competitive or high competition sports demands, mobility , physiological and psychological conditions that must be acquired during the training process, even during the sporting initiation process. The scientific literature has shown a growing interest to relate the self- efficacy with the sporting outcomes. Those studies have increased our understanding of this much promoted mental skill. The goal of presenting this work is to expose the psychological and behavioural implications of self-efficacy in the sport performance in any sporting modalityEl deporte de rendimiento o de alta competición exige condiciones motrices, fisiológicas y psicológicas muy especiales que han de ser adquiridas durante el proceso de entrenamiento, incluso durante las fases de iniciación o fundamentación deportiva. La literatura científica ha mostrado el creciente interés por relacionar la percepción de autoeficacia con los resultados deportivos. Lo que diferencia y aporta este trabajo es la exposición a lo largo de todo el texto, de las implicaciones psicológicas y conductuales de la autoeficacia en el rendimiento de los deportistas de cualquier modalidad deportiva.O desporto competitivo ou alta competição precisa condições motoras, fisiológicas e psicológicas muito especiais que devem adquirir-se durante o processo de formação, incluindo o processo de iniciação desportiva. A literatura científica tem demonstrado um interesse crescente para relacionar auto-eficácia com resultados desportivos. Esses estudos têm aumentado a nossa compreensão sobre esta grande e prometedora habilidade mental. O objectivo do presente trabalho é o de expor as implicações psicológicas e comportamentais da auto-eficácia e o desempenho no desporto de qualquer modalidade desportiva

Price Bubbles in Lithium Markets around the World

The global energy transition to low-carbon technologies for transportation is heavily dependent on lithium. By leveraging the latest advances in timeseries econometrics we show that lithium prices (carbonate and hydroxide) have recently experienced market bubbles, particularly from the end of 2015 to the end of 2018, although in the case of European hydroxide we also date a bubble as recently as September 2020. Bubbles are accompanied by market corrections and extreme uncertainty which, in the case of lithium, may put at risk the future continuous supply needed for manufacturing lithium-based batteries for the electric vehicle. Governments and private stakeholders could reduce uncertainty imposed by these speculative dynamics, for instance, by establishing public stabilization funds and setting up capital buffers that help to diversify operational and market risks induced by a bubble bursting. Such funds should be ideally located in portfolios, such as the global stock markets or other energy commodities, which exhibit idiosyncratic bubbles unsynchronized with the bubbles observed in lithium Market

Effects of oral exposure to arsenite on arsenic metabolism and transport in rat kidney

Nephrotoxicity is within the recognized toxic effects of arsenic. In this study we assessed the effect of arsenite on the renal capacity to metabolize and handle arsenicals in rats exposed to drinking water with 0, 1, 5, or 10 ppm sodium arsenite for ten days. Arsenite treatment did not affect the gene expression of the main enzyme catalyzing methylation of arsenite, As3mt, while it reduced the expression of GSTO1 mRNA and protein. Arsenite decreased the expression of Aqp3, Mrp1, Mrp4, and Mdr1b (i.e., transporters and channels used by arsenic), but not that of Aqp7, Glut1, Mrp2, and Mdr1a. The protein abundance of AQP3 was also reduced by arsenite. Arsenite increased urinary NGAL and FABP3 and decreased Klotho plasma levels, without alteration of creatinine, which evidenced early tubular damage. Renal Klotho mRNA and protein expressions were also downregulated, which may exacerbate renal damage. No effect was observed in selected miRNAs putatively associated with renal injury. Plasma PTH and FGF23 were similar between groups, but arsenite decreased the renal expression of Fgfr1 mRNA. In conclusion, exposure to arsenite alters the gene expression of proteins involved in the cellular handling of arsenical species and elicits tubular damage

Several phosphate transport processes are present in vascular smooth muscle cells

We have studied Pi handling in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) using 32P-radiotracer assays. Our results have revealed a complex set of mechanisms consisting in 1) well-known PiT1/PiT2-mediated sodium-dependent Pi transport; 2) Slc20-unrelated sodium-dependent Pi transport that is sensitive to the stilbene derivatives 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS) and (4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulfonate) (SITS); 3) a sodium-independent Pi uptake system that is competitively inhibited by sulfate, bicarbonate, and arsenate and is weakly inhibited by DIDS, SITS, and phosphonoformate; and 4) an exit pathway from the cell that is partially chloride-dependent and unrelated to the known anion-exchangers expressed in VSMC. The inhibitions of sodium-independent Pi transport by sulfate and of sodium-dependent transport by SITS were studied in greater detail. The maximal inhibition by sulfate was similar to that of Pi itself, with a very high inhibition constant (212 mM). SITS only partially inhibited sodium-dependent Pi transport, but the Ki was very low (14 µM). Nevertheless, SITS and DIDS did not inhibit Pi transport in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing PiT1 or PiT2. Both the sodium-dependent and sodium-independent transport systems were highly dependent on VSMC confluence and on the differentiation state, but they were not modified by incubating VSMC for 7 days with 2 mM Pi under non-precipitating conditions. This work not only shows that the Pi handling by cells is highly complex, but also that the transport systems are shared with other ions such as bicarbonate or sulfate

Intoxicación por metaldehído en animales domésticos - Revisión Bibliográfica

Los molusquicidas son pesticidas que se utilizan en el control de caracoles y babosas, tanto en jardines domésticos como a nivel agrario, y que con relativa frecuencia y de manera accidental producen intoxicaciones en animales de compañía, abasto o salvajes, debido, en gran medida, a la palatabilidad del producto y al descuido por parte de los propietarios. Se trata de una intoxicación de la que se tienen pocos datos epidemiológicos (apenas hay estudios en España), cuya sintomatología es principalmente nerviosa junto con cuadros febriles con un pronóstico y recuperación favorable si se trata con rapidez, y de la cual todavía no se conocen por completo aspectos claves como su mecanismo de acción. A lo largo de las últimas décadas se han realizado varios estudios acerca de la acción del metaldehído (el molusquicida más empleado) y sus características; la mayoría de ellos llevados a cabo en Estados Unidos, a partir de ratas de laboratorio o clínicas veterinarias en las que se hizo una recopilación de casos de intoxicación por metaldehído. La ausencia de sistemas de información a nivel europeo complica la recopilación y difusión de datos y el establecimiento de bases epidemiológicas completas; esto implica una falta de información sobre el impacto de este producto en los pequeños animales, dificultando la aparición de posibles tratamientos específicos o la toma de medidas para reducir la frecuencia de aparición de esta intoxicación

Analysis of Antecedents that Contribute to Try New Products in Retail Commerce

Offering innovative goods and/or brands to attract and retain customers is one of the challenges in the retail sector, which is characterized by high competitiveness and economic recession. This chapter analyzes the different variables that contribute to increasing customers’ willingness to try retailers’ innovations relative to the products and/or brands they offer. Specifically, we discuss the role that consumer satisfaction with price level, perceived quality of the assortment, and trust in the retailer plays in the dependent variable. The model is tested empirically on a sample of 498 individuals responsible for purchasing consumer products; causality is contrasted using a structural equation model (SEM). The results show that customers’ trust in the retailer is the most important factor in explaining the decision to try new products and brands, followed by perceived quality of the assortment and satisfaction with price level. Furthermore, our finding that trust in the retailer is the most influential antecedent of customer willingness to try the retailer’s innovations shows the importance of relationship marketing in the proposed model. Since this influence is significantly higher in the group of regular customers of the commercial chain, regular customers represent a sensitive segment for retailers in terms of product acceptance and testing

Identification and expression analysis of type II and type III Pi transporters in the opossum kidney cell line.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? The opossum kidney (OK) cell line is the main in vitro model of proximal tubular Pi transport, but it is incomplete because only the NaPiIIa Pi transporter has been identified. What is the main finding and its importance? We have cloned and characterized the Pi transporters NaPiIIc, PiT1 and PiT2 from OK cells and have analysed the relevance of the four transporters to Pi transport. All four transporters are involved in the upregulated Pi transport of cells incubated using a low-Pi medium, and only PiT1 is not involved in basal transport. Abstract: The apical membrane of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells is the main controller of phosphate homeostasis, because it determines the rate of urinary Pi excretion. The opossum kidney (OK) cell line is a good model for studying this function, but only NaPiIIa (NaPi4) has been identified to date as a Pi transporter in this cell line. In this work, we have identified three additional Pi transporters that are present in OK cells: NaPiIIc, PiT1 and PiT2. All three sequences are similar to the corresponding orthologues, but PiT1 is missing the first transmembrane domain. Confluent cells exhibit characteristics of type II Pi transport, which increases with alkalinity and is inhibited by phosphonoformic acid (PFA), and they mainly express NaPiIIa and NaPiIIc, with a low abundance of PiT1 and PiT2. Proliferating cells show a higher expression of PiT1 and PiT2 and a low expression of NaPiIIa and NaPiIIc. Adaptation to a low Pi concentration for 24 h induces the expression of RNA from NaPiIIa and NaPiIIc, which is not prevented by actinomycin D. Small interfering RNA transfections revealed that PiT1 is not necessary for Pi transport, but it is necessary for adaptation to a low Pi, similar to NaPiIIa and PiT2. Our study reveals the complexity of the coordination between the four Pi transporters, the variability of RNA expression according to confluence and the heterogeneous correlation between Pi transport and RNA levels

Intestinal and renal adaptations to changes of dietary phosphate concentrations in rat

We have studied the role of the intestine, kidney, and several hormones when adapting to changes in dietary P concentration. Normal and parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats were fed pH-matched diets containing 0.1%, 0.6%, and 1.2% P concentrations. 32Pi uptake was determined in the jejunum and kidney cortex brush border membrane vesicles. Several hormone and ion concentrations were determined in the blood and urine of rats. Both jejunum and kidney cortex Pi transport was regulated with 5 d of chronic feeding of P diets in normal rats. Acute adaptation was determined by switching foods on day 6, which was only clearly observed in the kidney cortex of normal rats, with more statistical variability in the jejunum. However, no paradoxical increase of Pi uptake in the jejunum was reproduced after the acute switch to the 1.2% P diet. Pi uptake in the jejunum was parathyroid hormone (PTH)-independent, but in the kidney, the chronic adaptation was reduced, and no acute dietary adaptations were observed. The NaPi2a protein was more abundant in the PTX than the sham kidneys, but contrary to the modest or absent changes in Pi uptake adaptation, the transporter was similarly regulated by dietary P, as in the sham rats. PTH and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were the only hormones regulated by all diet changes, even in fasting animals, which exhibited regulated Pi transport despite similar phosphatemia. Evidence of Pi appetite effects was also observed. In brief, our results show new characteristics of Pi adaptations, including a lack of correlation between Pi transport, NaPi2a expression, and PTH/FGF23 concentrations