Accounting for Goodwill: An Examination of Factors Influencing Management Preferences

Abstract—This paper investigates factors that influenced the position of managements of UK-listed companies in the heated debate that surrrounded proposals for a new standard on goodwill accounting, i.e. the factors influencing whether managements preferred immediate write-off or capitalisation-based approaches. The factors investigated are derived from contracting cost theory, and include those associated with debt covenant restrictions and profitbased management schemes. They also include non-agency contracting costs. A key feature of the design is that, compared to prior research, we specify more rigorously circumstances where such contracting cost effects are, or are not, likely to be binding. In addition, the paper investigates the effects on management preferences of their beliefs about revisions in market perceptions of their companies resulting from changes in goodwill accounting. Our results support certain contracting cost-based hypotheses, but they also indicate that management beliefs about changes in market perceptions of their companies constitute a strong influence on their preferences

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PROBIOTICS PRODUCTS

Objective: Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that provide beneficial effects on human health by improving the balance of intestinal micro flora. Comparative evaluation of 10 (LB1-LB10) commercial probiotic preparations (available in and around Pune) was carried out on the basis of physical parameters, standard plate count (SPC), antibiotic sensitivity and antimicrobial production.Methods: Effect of temperature, pH and bile tolerance of samples was carried out on de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium and growth were determined by counting colony forming the unit (cfu) value of appropriate dilution after 24 h and 48 h. Antibiotic sensitivity was carried out by disc diffusion assay. Antimicrobial activity was tested using Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp. and Klebsiella sp. by in vitro agar well diffusion methodResults: All the 10 samples showed aggregation for SAT (Salt Aggregation Test) at 0.2M ammonium sulphate concentration. It was observed that LB8, LB9 and LB10 were found to be the most promising probiotic product with respect to physical parameters. LB9 was found to be more antibiotic resistant as compared to LB10 and LB8. Antibacterial production of LB9 was seen against all test organisms. Effects of all the 5 NSAIDs were checked and LB8 showed the resistance to all.Conclusion: LB8 is the most effective probiotic product under adverse conditions followed by LB10 and LB9

Notes sur l’ethnicité et les relations ethniques au Soudan

La diversité ethnique est une des principales caractéristiques du Soudan : on y compte en effet quelque 56 groupes ethniques. En outre, l'hétérogénéité géographique du pays influe directement sur la vie économique, sociale, politique et culturelle de ces groupes, leur forte mobilité — liée à l'exploitation du milieu naturel — étant la source de nombreux conflits entre des tribus qui se disputent les ressources naturelles. Nous nous proposons ici d'analyser les relations ethniques dominantes a..

Expertise in Law Enforcement

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Adaptive Skill as The<i> Conditio Sine Qua Non</i> of Expertise

This critical interpretive research synthesis is on the topic of adaptation and skill. After an initial identification of 1995 abstracts we identified and collated a database of 140 publications that explicitly reference expertise and adaptation. We found that empirical data on adaptive skill are sparse and the literature base is largely conceptual. We differentiate the adaptive nature of expertise from routine or every day skill, and we redress the balance between what constitutes expertise and when expertise matters. We present an overview of current models of expertise including a project that we completed for the UK Ministry of Defence on the nature of adaptive skill. We discuss implications for future training by presenting empirically based training principles designed to develop adaptive skill. We assert that adaptive skill is the conditio sine qua non of expertise and conclude with suggestions for further research.</p