32,939 research outputs found
An Entrepreneurial Theory of Formal Organizations. Part I - Patterns of Formal Organizations
Theory of formal organizations with ordering of relevant dat
Sample preparation of metal alloys by electric discharge machining
Electric discharge machining was investigated as a noncontaminating method of comminuting alloys for subsequent chemical analysis. Particulate dispersions in water were produced from bulk alloys at a rate of about 5 mg/min by using a commercially available machining instrument. The utility of this approach was demonstrated by results obtained when acidified dispersions were substituted for true acid solutions in an established spectrochemical method. The analysis results were not significantly different for the two sample forms. Particle size measurements and preliminary results from other spectrochemical methods which require direct aspiration of liquid into flame or plasma sources are reported
Development of a drift-correction procedure for a direct-reading spectrometer
A procedure which provides automatic correction for drifts in the radiometric sensitivity of each detector channel in a direct-reading emission spectrometer is described. Such drifts are customarily controlled by the regular analyses of standards, which provide corrections for changes in the excitational, optical, and electronic components of the instrument. This standardization procedure, however, corrects for the optical and electronic drifts. It is a step that must be taken if the time, effort, and cost of processing standards is to be minimized. This method of radiometric drift correction uses a 1,000-W tungsten-halogen reference lamp to illuminate each detector through the same optical path as that traversed during sample analysis. The responses of the detector channels to this reference light are regularly compared with channel response to the same light intensity at the time of analytical calibration in order to determine and correct for drift. Except for placing the lamp in position, the procedure is fully automated and compensates for changes in spectral intensity due to variations in lamp current. A discussion of the implementation of this drift-correction system is included
Quantum Channels and Representation Theory
In the study of d-dimensional quantum channels , an assumption
which is not very restrictive, and which has a natural physical interpretation,
is that the corresponding Kraus operators form a representation of a Lie
algebra. Physically, this is a symmetry algebra for the interaction
Hamiltonian. This paper begins a systematic study of channels defined by
representations; the famous Werner-Holevo channel is one element of this
infinite class. We show that the channel derived from the defining
representation of SU(n) is a depolarizing channel for all , but for most
other representations this is not the case. Since the Bloch sphere is not
appropriate here, we develop technology which is a generalization of Bloch's
technique. Our method works by representing the density matrix as a polynomial
in symmetrized products of Lie algebra generators, with coefficients that are
symmetric tensors. Using these tensor methods we prove eleven theorems, derive
many explicit formulas and show other interesting properties of quantum
channels in various dimensions, with various Lie symmetry algebras. We also
derive numerical estimates on the size of a generalized ``Bloch sphere'' for
certain channels. There remain many open questions which are indicated at
various points through the paper.Comment: 28 pages, 1 figur
Inverse hyperbolic problems and optical black holes
In this paper we give a more geometrical formulation of the main theorem in
[E1] on the inverse problem for the second order hyperbolic equation of general
form with coefficients independent of the time variable. We apply this theorem
to the inverse problem for the equation of the propagation of light in a moving
medium (the Gordon equation). Then we study the existence of black and white
holes for the general hyperbolic and for the Gordon equation and we discuss the
impact of this phenomenon on the inverse problems
D3-D7 Holographic dual of a perturbed 3D CFT
An appropriately oriented D3-D7-brane system is the holographic dual of
relativistic Fermions occupying a 2+1-dimensional defect embedded in
3+1-dimensional spacetime. The Fermions interact via fields of
Yang-Mills theory in the 3+1-dimensional bulk. Recently, using internal flux to
stabilize the system in the probe limit, a number of solutions which
are dual to conformal field theories with Fermion content have been found. We
use holographic techniques to study perturbations of a particular one of the
conformal field theories by relevant operators. Generally, the response of a
conformal field theory to such a perturbation grows and becomes nonperturbative
at low energy scales. We shall find that a perturbation which switches on a
background magnetic field and Fermion mass induces a renormalization
group flow that can be studied perturbatively in the limit of small . We
solve the leading order explicitly. We find that, for one particular value of
internal flux, the system exhibits magnetic catalysis, the spontaneous breaking
of chiral symmetry enhanced by the presence of the magnetic field. In the
process, we derive formulae predicting the Debye screening length of the
Fermion-antiFermion plasma at finite density and the diamagnetic moment of the
ground state of the Fermion system in the presence of a magnetic field.Comment: 23 pages, two figures; typos corrected, some comments adde
Bragg Spectroscopy of Cold Atomic Fermi Gases
We propose a Bragg spectroscopy experiment to measure the onset of superfluid
pairing in ultracold trapped Fermi gases. In particular, we study two component
Fermi gases in the weak coupling BCS and BEC limits as well as in the strong
coupling unitarity limit. The low temperature Bragg spectrum exhibits a gap
directly related to the pair-breaking energy. Furthermore, the Bragg spectrum
has a large maximum just below the critical temperature when the gas is
superfluid in the BCS limit. In the unitarity regime, we show how the pseudogap
in the normal phase leads to a significant suppression of the low frequency
Bragg spectrum.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures. Typos corrected. Reference update
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