Experimental Validation of a Dynamic Virtual Power Plant Concept Based on Multiple-Converter Power Hardware-In-the-Loop Test Bench

Recently, the concept of dynamic virtual power plants (DVPP) has been proposed to collectively provide desired dynamic ancillary services such as fast frequency and voltage control by a heterogeneous ensemble of distributed energy resources (DER). This paper presents an experimental validation of a recent DVPP control design approach on a multi-converter power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) test bed system. More specifically, we consider a DVPP composed of a wind generation system, a photovoltaic (PV) system, and a STATCOM with small storage capacity to collectively provide grid-following fast frequency regulation in the presence of grid-frequency and load variations. The performance of the aggregated DVPP response is evaluated with respect to its ability to match a desired dynamic behavior while taking practical limitations of the individual DVPP units into account.Comment: 8 Pages, 11 Figures, 22nd Wind & Solar Integration Workshop 202

Energy yield analysis of textured perovskite silicon tandem solar cells and modules

Perovskite silicon tandem solar cells combine potentially low production costs with the ability to surpass the efficiency limit of silicon single junction solar cells. Optical modeling and optimization are crucial to achieve this ambitious goal in the near future. The optimization should seek to maximize the energy yield based on realistic environmental conditions. This work analyzes the energy yield of perovskite silicon tandem solar cells and modules based on realistic experimental data, with a special focus on the investigation of surface textures at the front and rear side of the solar cell and its implication for reflection as well as parasitic absorption properties. The investigation reveals a 7.3%rel higher energy yield for an encapsulated tandem cell with a textured front side compared with an encapsulated high efficiency single junction solar cell with 24.3% harvesting efficiency for irradiance data of the year 2014 in Freiburg/Germany