ATRX loss-of-function in mouse neuroprogenitor cells as a model of early events in gliomagenesis

ATRX is a chromatin remodeling protein important for neural development, and ATRX inactivation leads to genomic instability, mitotic defects and TP53-mediated apoptosis. In the last few years, ATRX mutations were identified in a large proportion of paediatric and adult gliomas that often coincide with mutations in the tumor suppressor TP53. The present work shows that combinatorial loss of ATRX and TP53 function in vitro causes genomic instability while improving cell viability, identifying potential early events in gliomagenesis. Furthermore, several gene transcripts associated with glioma development and known oncogenic pathways were significantly upregulated in the Atrx-null neonatal mouse forebrain. Finally, a mouse model of Atrx and Tp53 deficiency in the mouse CNS was generated, providing a tool for future investigations

Developing Reflective Learners: Serendipity and Synergy at Wheaton College

For the past decade, Wheaton College, a small liberal arts institution located in Norton, Massachusetts, has been creating, refining, and integrating a range of initiatives designed to develop students into active and reflective learners. Some of these initiatives grew out of explicit institutional commitments to teaching and learning innovation, while others were in fact happy accidents of circumstance, or situations where an individual interesting program idea took hold, spread into other units of the College, and was itself transformed in the process

The Icarus Student Satellite - A Fully Autonomous Student Built Small Satellite for NASA

University of Michigan students, with the mentoring support of engineers from NASA, Michigan, and elsewhere, have developed a small endmass satellite—dubbed Icarus—for NASA’s ProSEDS (Propulsive Small Expendable Deployer System) electrodynamic-tether propulsion mission. The ProSEDS experiment will be launched in late 2002 as a secondary payload attached to the second stage of a Delta–II launch vehicle. Following the completion of the Delta–II primary mission, the second stage will initiate a series of burns to place ProSEDS into a 360-km, near-circular orbit at an inclination of 35°. The Icarus endmass satellite will be cast off from the Delta–II second stage and be deployed in the zenith direction. The endmass will remain connected to the Delta–II via a combination space tether consisting of 5-km aluminum conducting tether nearest the Delta–II attached to 10-km nonconducting Spectra fiber, connected to the endmass. Throughout tether deployment, and for the duration of the ProSEDS mission, Icarus will collect and transmit data on tether deployment and dynamics. The endmass is responsible for providing tetherendbody location information (using a GPS receiver) and endbody attitude dynamics (using an aspect magnetometer). The data from these instruments will be stored and transmitted to ground telemetry stations. Power to the endmass will be provided by rechargable batteries and solar cells; an onboard command and data handling system will provide control functions. The endmass will continue to record and transmit data as ProSEDS lowers its altitude. Icarus also serves as a backup for mission location information to the main ProSEDS GPS receiver located on the Delta-II second stage

Route Planning in Transportation Networks

We survey recent advances in algorithms for route planning in transportation networks. For road networks, we show that one can compute driving directions in milliseconds or less even at continental scale. A variety of techniques provide different trade-offs between preprocessing effort, space requirements, and query time. Some algorithms can answer queries in a fraction of a microsecond, while others can deal efficiently with real-time traffic. Journey planning on public transportation systems, although conceptually similar, is a significantly harder problem due to its inherent time-dependent and multicriteria nature. Although exact algorithms are fast enough for interactive queries on metropolitan transit systems, dealing with continent-sized instances requires simplifications or heavy preprocessing. The multimodal route planning problem, which seeks journeys combining schedule-based transportation (buses, trains) with unrestricted modes (walking, driving), is even harder, relying on approximate solutions even for metropolitan inputs.Comment: This is an updated version of the technical report MSR-TR-2014-4, previously published by Microsoft Research. This work was mostly done while the authors Daniel Delling, Andrew Goldberg, and Renato F. Werneck were at Microsoft Research Silicon Valle

Surface soft phonon and the root3 x root3 <--> 3 x 3 phase transition in Sn/Ge(111) and Sn/Si(111)

Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations show that the reversible Sn/Ge(111) $\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3} \leftrightarrow 3\times3$ phase transition can be described in terms of a surface soft phonon. The isovalent Sn/Si(111) case does not display this transition since the $\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3}$ phase is the stable structure at low temperature, although it presents a partial softening of the $3\times3$ surface phonon. The rather flat energy surfaces for the atomic motion associated with this phonon mode in both cases explain the experimental similarities found at room temperature between these systems. The driving force underlying the $\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3} \leftrightarrow 3\times3$ phase transition is shown to be associated with the electronic energy gain due to the Sn dangling bond rehybridization.Comment: 4 pages, Revtex, 4 Encapsulated Postscript figures, uses epsf.sty. Final version published in Phys. Rev. Let

Sexual Consent: Do you get it? How college students\u27 definitions of consent differ from their region\u27s consent policy

Although many colleges across the United States have incorporated some form of sexual consent policy into their code of conduct, these definitions vary by region and institution. Moreover, previous studies have found that although students may be aware of their university’s consent policy, it may not always be used in practice (Gronert & Raclaw, 2019; Ortiz, 2019). This study compares four samples of respondents by region (i.e. Northeast and South), assigning a regionally-typical consent policy to the sample and then analyzing the differences in sexual consent understanding and behaviors. We hypothesized that students’ internalized definitions of consent will differ both from their regionally-stated policy and from each other in significant ways. Data was collected from participants through an online national survey that asked questions regarding students’ definitions of consent and how they knew that their previous partners had given them consent. These responses were then analyzed to examine what themes exist between students’ perceptions of consent and their assigned regional policy. Implications for the utility of university consent policy upon student consensual behavior is discussed.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_spring2020/1013/thumbnail.jp

Field Emission Cathodes used in the FEGI Get-Away-Special Shuttle Mission

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76377/1/AIAA-2004-3498-580.pd

Association of longitudinal alcohol consumption trajectories with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of six cohort studies using individual participant data.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that alcohol intake trajectories differ in their associations with biomarkers of cardiovascular functioning, but it remains unclear if they also differ in their relationship to actual coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence. Using multiple longitudinal cohort studies, we evaluated the association between long-term alcohol consumption trajectories and CHD. METHODS: Data were drawn from six cohorts (five British and one French). The combined analytic sample comprised 35,132 individuals (62.1% male; individual cohorts ranging from 869 to 14,247 participants) of whom 4.9% experienced an incident (fatal or non-fatal) CHD event. Alcohol intake across three assessment periods of each cohort was used to determine participants' intake trajectories over approximately 10 years. Time to onset for (i) incident CHD and (ii) fatal CHD was established using surveys and linked medical record data. A meta-analysis of individual participant data was employed to estimate the intake trajectories' association with CHD onset, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Compared to consistently moderate drinkers (males: 1-168 g ethanol/week; females: 1-112 g ethanol/week), inconsistently moderate drinkers had a significantly greater risk of incident CHD [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.37]. An elevated risk of incident CHD was also found for former drinkers (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.13-1.52) and consistent non-drinkers (HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.21-1.78), although, after sex stratification, the latter effect was only evident for females. When examining fatal CHD outcomes alone, only former drinkers had a significantly elevated risk, though hazard ratios for consistent non-drinkers were near identical. No evidence of elevated CHD risk was found for consistently heavy drinkers, and a weak association with fatal CHD for inconsistently heavy drinkers was attenuated following adjustment for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: Using prospectively recorded alcohol data, this study has shown how instability in drinking behaviours over time is associated with risk of CHD. As well as individuals who abstain from drinking (long term or more recently), those who are inconsistently moderate in their alcohol intake have a higher risk of experiencing CHD. This finding suggests that policies and interventions specifically encouraging consistency in adherence to lower-risk drinking guidelines could have public health benefits in reducing the population burden of CHD. The absence of an effect amongst heavy drinkers should be interpreted with caution given the known wider health risks associated with such intake. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03133689