2,606 research outputs found
Bankruptcy problems with interval uncertainty
In this paper, bankruptcy situations with interval data are studied. Two classical bankruptcy rules, namely the proportional rule and the rights-egalitarian rule, are extended to the interval setting. It turns out that these bankruptcy interval rules generate elements in the interval core of a related cooperative interval game.
Cores and Stable Sets for Interval-Valued Games
In this paper, interval-type solution concepts for interval-valued cooperative games like the interval core, the interval dominance core and stable sets are introduced and studied. The notion of I-balancedness is introduced, and it is proved that the interval core of an interval-valued cooperative game is nonempty if and only if the game is I-balanced. Relations between the interval core, the dominance core and stable sets of an interval-valued game are established.cooperative games;interval games;the core;the dominance core;stable sets
Cooperative Interval Games Arising from Airport Situations with Interval Data
This paper deals with the research area of cooperative interval games arising from airport situations with interval data. We also extend to airport interval games some results from classical theory.cooperative interval games;concave games;airport games;cost games;interval data
SaÄŤd Nursiâs Arguments for the Existence of God in RisÄle-i Nur
This dissertation examines the philosophical and theological writings of SaÄŤd Nursi (1877â1960) entitled RisÄle-i Nur (Epistles of Light), and presents a critical analysis of his arguments for the existence of God. Although certain aspects of Nursiâs writings have been studied at various academic levels, his ways of arguing for the existence of God, and defending his position against the sceptics have not been studied at doctoral level. Therefore, the objective of this study is to understand Nursiâs arguments, then try locate him among other philosophers and scholars and bring out into light his original viewpoints in this context.
The thesis consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 presents the historical background and the overview of main theistic arguments from the Christian, Islamic and Jewish points of views concerning Godâs existence. The theistic arguments analysed are: the ontological arguments, the cosmological arguments, including the kalaĚm cosmological arguments, the teleological arguments, which are also known as arguments to or arguments from apparent design, the arguments from morality and conscience, and, finally, the arguments from miracles and religious experience. Counter-arguments to the theistic arguments posed by the sceptics are also examined such as problem of evil, the problem of Hell, and the poor design arguments. In this chapter, we also aim to sum up some of the chief arguments in order to prepare some basis for this study. These arguments are analysed from Nursian viewpoint in later chapters.
Chapter 2 provides an overview of the life and thoughts of SaÄŤd Nursi and explores how and why his discourse changed from political activism into that of intellectual and spiritual life. Certain terminologies that have been developed by Nursi are discussed here.
The Ensuing four Chapters, from 3 to 6 analyse four different arguments employed by SaÄŤd Nursiâs for the existence and the unity of God (tawḼčd). The first argument, âthe great book of the universeâ, which is, in modern philosophy, the equivalent of the design argument is discussed in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 examines the second argument which Nursi calls the argument from prophethood (nubuwwah), with a particular focus on Prophet MuḼammad. Chapter 5 deals with the third argument, i.e. from Scriptures (waḼy), with the QurâÄn as the main focus. Finally, Chapter 6 discusses Nursiâs fourth argument that is conscience (wijdÄn) and the primordial human nature (fÄąášrat-Äą bashar).
In addition, the critics posed specially by the atheist and the sceptics are subjected to an evaluation from Nursiâs perspective. Darwinian theory of evolution as an alternative to creation, criticisms to the QurâÄn and the Prophet MuḼammad, and philosophical issues such as the problem of evil and hell are among the challenges to which Nursi responds.
The thesis concludes that Nursiâs first three arguments i.e. the design argument, the argument from prophethood and the argument from scriptures, despite certain different interpretations by Nursi, seem to be a continuations of the traditional argument. However, Nursiâs originality lays in his moral argument or the argument, namely, the argument from primordial human nature
Convex Interval Games
In this paper, convex interval games are introduced and some characterizations are given. Some economic situations leading to convex interval games are discussed. The Weber set and the Shapley value are defined for a suitable class of interval games and their relations with the interval core for convex interval games are established. A square operator is introduced which allows us to obtain interval solutions starting from classical cooperative game theory solutions. It turns out that on the class of convex interval games the square Weber set coincides with the interval core.cooperative games;interval data;convex games;the core;the Weber set;the Shapley value
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