Fórmulas de rotina : uma porta de entrada para padrões interacionais

In this paper we try to show that formulae give evidence of as well as initiate conventional patterns of interaction. These interactional patterns, shaped by a particular linguistic community, are not universal. Their knowledge is part of idiomatic competence. A bilingual semasiological and onomasiological dictionary can contribute not only to the acquisition of formulae but can also transmit knowledge of conventional patterns of interaction.In diesem Beitrag soll gezeigt werden, dass Formeln Indizien für konventionelle Interaktionsmuster sind und diese umgekehrt auch initiieren. Diese von der jeweiligen Sprachgemeinschaft geprägten Interaktionsmuster sind nicht universell; ihre Kenntnis ist Teil der idiomatischen Kompetenz. Ein zweisprachiges semasiologisch-onomasiologisches Wörterbuch kann nicht nur zum Erwerb von Formeln beitragen sondern auch das Wissen über Interaktionsmuster vermitteln.Nesse trabalho, será mostrado que fórmulas dão evidência de padrões convencionais de interação e também os inicializam. Esses padrões de interação não são universais, mas são configurados por cada comunidade lingüística. Conhecê-los faz parte da competência idiomática. Um dicionário bilíngüe semasiológico e onomasiológico pode contribuir tanto para a aquisição de fórmulas, quanto transmitir o conhecimento de padrões de interação

Sprichwörter im Text - ein Stein im Schuh des Übersetzers?

Taking the notion of frame as a base for lexical dexcription, we elaborate a cognitive proverb-model. This model serves as an instrument for the understanding and the translation of proverbs. It makes it possible to trace the proverbs' structural, semantical and pragmatical recurrences in the text. In this paper we show the influence the proverb has on the text and discuss translation problems by means of examples.Partinando da idéia de frame como base para a descrição lexical, elaboramos um modelo cognitivo de provérbios. Este modelo serve de instrumento para a compreensão e tradução de proverbios. Ele permite localizar as suas recorrências estruturais, lexicais, semânticas e pragmáticas no texto. Demonstramos, neste trabalho, a influência do provérbio sobre o texto, e discutimos os cuidados necessários na tradução através de exemplos concretos

Die Frau im Spiegel deutscher Sprichwörter

This paper aims to demonstrate the proverb as a mental pattern that reflects and reinforces the values and norms of society through its use. We present the treatment given to women in German proverbs in opposition to the treatment given to men, showing the relationship between proverb and reality.O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar os provérbios como padrões de pensamento que refletem e reforçam através de seu uso os valores e as normas de uma sociedade. Apresentaremos o tratarmento dispensado à mulher nos provérbios de língua alemã, contrapondo-os aos provérbios que tratam do homem, evidenciando a relação entre proverbio e realidade

Differential Influence of Relative Poverty on Preferences for Ecosystem Services: Evidence from Rural Indonesia

Ecosystem services generate benefits that enter human consumption either directly or indirectly via their contribution to human production activities. In this contribution, we provide evidence that (i) the demand of peasants for ecosystem services in rural Indonesia depends on relative poverty; and that (ii) the type of reaction to poverty depends on the specific relation of the ecosystem services to peasant production and consumption. In early 2005 a representative choice experiment study was conducted in the Lore Lindu area in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, to quantify regional economic preferences (marginal willingessto- pay: MWTP) for four different ecosystem services (n=249; rattan and water availability, shading in cacao agroforestry, population size of the endemic forest dwelling dwarf buffalo "anoa"). Relative poverty was calculated with the 2005 data using a 0,1-normally distributed relative poverty index developed from a socio-demographic household survey administered to the same sample in 2004. For shading in cocoa, a linearly decreasing trend is observed indicating a stronger preference for "sun-grown" cocoa in the less poor farmers indicating a constant poverty elasticity of WTP. The empirical poverty elasticity for anoa supports its luxury good characteristic only in part. For rattan and water, we find an inverted U-shape relation between MWTP for ecosystem services and relative poverty - probably due to serious restrictions in the ability to pay in the poorest households and a smaller resource dependency in the less poor households. In sum, the relationship between relative poverty and MWTP for ecosystem services appears more complex than classical micro-economic theory admits.Relative poverty, Choice experiment, ecosystem services, environmental valuation, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q21, Q51, Q56, Q57,

O modo subjuntivo no português do Brasil e no alemão

For the learners of Portuguese and German as foreign languages the subjunctive mood represents a learning problem. Based on syntactic and pragmatic categories, the subjunctive is classified in a way that describes its use and permits the comparison between the Portuguese subjuntivo and the German Konjunktiv.Für Lernende des Portugiesischen bzw. des Deutschen als Fremdsprache stellt der Konjunktiv eine Lernschwierigkeit dar. Ausgehend von syntaktischen und pragmatischen Kategorien wird hier versucht, eine Klassifikation des Konjunktivs durchzuführen, die seinen Gebrauch beschreibt und einen Vergleich des portugiesischen subjuntivo mit dem deutschen Konjunktiv ermöglicht

Value landscapes and their impact on public water policy preferences

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd A growing body of research suggests that people's values may be important predictors of their preferences regarding water governance and policy. However, this assertion is rarely tested empirically. The present study summarises the results of a large-scale quantitative study on the link between public water policy preferences and people's values, based on data from a representative sample of the general population collected in a household survey in the Upper Paraguay River Basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil (n = 1067). Structural equation modelling is applied to represent the clusters of values, or ‘value landscapes’ that shape attitudes and water policy preferences, in this case, for or against the construction of the highly controversial Paraguay-Paraná Waterway across the Pantanal wetland. Results demonstrate that opponents of the waterway share a value landscape composed of closely related self-transcendence values, democratic governance-related values, and ecological and cultural water values, whereas supporters hold self-enhancement values, economic governance-related values, and economic water values. Beyond this individual case study and beyond water governance, our findings may explain the protracted nature of, and seeming impossibility to resolve, environmental conservation vs. economic development conflicts more broadly.Scottish Government Hydro Nation Scholars Programm